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BUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: ANTS AND CHERRY LAUREL NECTARIES Ants and cherry laurel nectaries. On passing by a hedge of Cherry Laurel, Prunus laurocerasus, we notice ants. Lots of Black Garden Ants, Lasius niger, walking all over the leaves. We creep closer and see little round marks on the base of the leaves that the ants are paying special attention to. They are nectaries, nectar producingorgans in
BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: A PRIMER ON SOLITARY BEES There are 20,000 species of bees in the world, of which about 250 are found in the UK. Most of them are solitary: males and females mate, and females find a nest, lay their own eggs and collect nectar and pollen for their own offspring. Many provision the nest themselves, others, instead ‘cheat’ taking over other ready-made nests ladenwith
BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? Small white or small ultraviolet butterfly? Graced with a few black spots and a shade of yellow in their underwings, the plain wings of white butterflies contrast with the colourful and rich patterns of other butterflies. Unfortunately, this is a reflection of the limitations of our visual system. Male and female Small Whitebutterflies, Pieris
BUGBLOG: A SPIDER IN ANT DISGUISE A few spiders resembles ants in order to get close to them and eat them (aggressive mimicry), but most ant mimic spiders benefit because visual predators take them for ants, and avoid eating them. This is a case of protective or Batesian mimicry, the mimic imitating a dangerous model. Ants can be distasteful or aggressive or both, withbiting
BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax.BUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: ANTS AND CHERRY LAUREL NECTARIES Ants and cherry laurel nectaries. On passing by a hedge of Cherry Laurel, Prunus laurocerasus, we notice ants. Lots of Black Garden Ants, Lasius niger, walking all over the leaves. We creep closer and see little round marks on the base of the leaves that the ants are paying special attention to. They are nectaries, nectar producingorgans in
BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: A PRIMER ON SOLITARY BEES There are 20,000 species of bees in the world, of which about 250 are found in the UK. Most of them are solitary: males and females mate, and females find a nest, lay their own eggs and collect nectar and pollen for their own offspring. Many provision the nest themselves, others, instead ‘cheat’ taking over other ready-made nests ladenwith
BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? Small white or small ultraviolet butterfly? Graced with a few black spots and a shade of yellow in their underwings, the plain wings of white butterflies contrast with the colourful and rich patterns of other butterflies. Unfortunately, this is a reflection of the limitations of our visual system. Male and female Small Whitebutterflies, Pieris
BUGBLOG: A SPIDER IN ANT DISGUISE A few spiders resembles ants in order to get close to them and eat them (aggressive mimicry), but most ant mimic spiders benefit because visual predators take them for ants, and avoid eating them. This is a case of protective or Batesian mimicry, the mimic imitating a dangerous model. Ants can be distasteful or aggressive or both, withbiting
BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax. THE LITTLE BROWN ARGUS COMPLEX TALE OF RANGE EXPANSION This species has increased markedly in range in the U.K in the last 30 years, expanding around 10 km per year since the early 1990s, reverting a previously declining trend. This could be seen as a direct response to climate change. But the story is not that simple, the positive response to temperature has been facilitated by changes inthe
BUGBLOG: GIRL POWER: SEX AND PARTHENOGENESIS IN VINE WEEVILS Precariously perched on a young oak branch, a Black Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, the first of the year.I am really not looking forward to seeing them, but they have an BUGBLOG: NEVER HOLD A BLACK CLOCK IN YOUR MOUTH I found a squished ground beetle on the pavement today, Pterostichus madidus, and I thought I would share with you some photos from last year of a very alive individual of this species .Curiously this carabid beetle has a curious English common name: the Black Clock. According to the book Bugs Britannica, by Marren and Mabey 'clock' was a word in widespread use to mean any big BUGBLOG: WOODLICE PARADE Woodlice Parade. Woodlice are the easiest crustacean group to spot in the garden. Sure, your garden pond will likely contain several aquatic crustacean groups: Water Fleas, Copepods and Ostracods are likely. Woodlice are amongst the few crustacean groups that are truly terrestrial - although aquatic forms both freshwater and marine arealso found.
BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? Small white or small ultraviolet butterfly? Graced with a few black spots and a shade of yellow in their underwings, the plain wings of white butterflies contrast with the colourful and rich patterns of other butterflies. Unfortunately, this is a reflection of the limitations of our visual system. Male and female Small Whitebutterflies, Pieris
BUGBLOG: PHOLCUS PHALANGIOIDES, THE DADDY LONG-LEG SPIDER Pholcus is a very generalist predator and has no trouble subduing large prey.I have seen it with captured Tegenaria (above) even Dysdera (below), the latter a spider with enormous chelicerae.Pholcus is able to do so thanks to its long legs, as it throws silk to its prey and wraps it on silk while keeping a safe distance. It can also invade other spiders' webs and then makes them vibrate BUGBLOG: A STRAWBERRY SEED BEETLE The species is quite distinctive with its orange legs and its wings covered on very fine hairs - giving the elythra a matt feel when compared with head and front of the thorax. This is an omnivorous beetle: it will predate small invertebrates but also feeds on seeds, and gets its English name from the damage it inflicts on strawberries. BUGBLOG: SHARP-TAIL BEES Sharp-tail bees. It has been a while since I've seen a new bee in the garden. A couple of days ago it was sunny and warm and I watched the first male leaf-cutter bee Megachile willughbiella on a geranium. A while later a bee was basking on top of the fence post and I managed some distant shots. Its jaws looked very leaf-cutter like, but the end BUGBLOG: MARSUPIAL WATER SLATERS Marsupial water slaters. Water slaters or water-lice, Asellus aquaticus, scurry about the leaf litter of my indoor pond. They are fascinating pond inhabitants, always active, sometimes three individuals walking in a line across the tank walls. Most of the water slaters had broken antennae when I collected them, but they have nowgrown back, the
BUGBLOG: GROUND CRAB SPIDER Until a couple of weeks ago, I was under the mistaken impression that there were no crab spiders in the north of the U.K. Although this is true for flower crab spider, Misumena vatia, a chamaleon-like hunter that changes colour to match the flower is sitting on, there are many other species that are widely distributed, in the U.K. as I found out through a thread in Wild About Britain. BUGBLOG: THE CSI BLOWFLY Blowflies can smell rotting flesh from large distances and are one of the earliest finding a body. They have a very fast life cycle, and they can produce up to five generations a year, depending on the temperature. The female lays batches of 150-200 eggs in open wounds, rotten meat, or bodies. These eggs can hatch almost immediately afterbeing
BUGBLOG: SEXUAL ROLES AND GENDER CONFLICT IN POND SNAILS This is called gender conflict, and the resolution depends on one of the individuals compromising and adopting its less preferred role, at least initially. Petra Hermann and collaborators studied the effect of age on sex role preferences in the great pond snails, Limnaea stagnalis, disentangling it from the effect of size.BUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: ANTS AND CHERRY LAUREL NECTARIES Ants and cherry laurel nectaries. On passing by a hedge of Cherry Laurel, Prunus laurocerasus, we notice ants. Lots of Black Garden Ants, Lasius niger, walking all over the leaves. We creep closer and see little round marks on the base of the leaves that the ants are paying special attention to. They are nectaries, nectar producingorgans in
BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: A PRIMER ON SOLITARY BEES There are 20,000 species of bees in the world, of which about 250 are found in the UK. Most of them are solitary: males and females mate, and females find a nest, lay their own eggs and collect nectar and pollen for their own offspring. Many provision the nest themselves, others, instead ‘cheat’ taking over other ready-made nests ladenwith
BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? Small white or small ultraviolet butterfly? Graced with a few black spots and a shade of yellow in their underwings, the plain wings of white butterflies contrast with the colourful and rich patterns of other butterflies. Unfortunately, this is a reflection of the limitations of our visual system. Male and female Small Whitebutterflies, Pieris
BUGBLOG: A SPIDER IN ANT DISGUISE A few spiders resembles ants in order to get close to them and eat them (aggressive mimicry), but most ant mimic spiders benefit because visual predators take them for ants, and avoid eating them. This is a case of protective or Batesian mimicry, the mimic imitating a dangerous model. Ants can be distasteful or aggressive or both, withbiting
BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax. THE LITTLE BROWN ARGUS COMPLEX TALE OF RANGE EXPANSION This species has increased markedly in range in the U.K in the last 30 years, expanding around 10 km per year since the early 1990s, reverting a previously declining trend. This could be seen as a direct response to climate change. But the story is not that simple, the positive response to temperature has been facilitated by changes inthe
BUGBLOG: GIRL POWER: SEX AND PARTHENOGENESIS IN VINE WEEVILS Precariously perched on a young oak branch, a Black Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, the first of the year.I am really not looking forward to seeing them, but they have anBUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: ANTS AND CHERRY LAUREL NECTARIES Ants and cherry laurel nectaries. On passing by a hedge of Cherry Laurel, Prunus laurocerasus, we notice ants. Lots of Black Garden Ants, Lasius niger, walking all over the leaves. We creep closer and see little round marks on the base of the leaves that the ants are paying special attention to. They are nectaries, nectar producingorgans in
BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: A PRIMER ON SOLITARY BEES There are 20,000 species of bees in the world, of which about 250 are found in the UK. Most of them are solitary: males and females mate, and females find a nest, lay their own eggs and collect nectar and pollen for their own offspring. Many provision the nest themselves, others, instead ‘cheat’ taking over other ready-made nests ladenwith
BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? Small white or small ultraviolet butterfly? Graced with a few black spots and a shade of yellow in their underwings, the plain wings of white butterflies contrast with the colourful and rich patterns of other butterflies. Unfortunately, this is a reflection of the limitations of our visual system. Male and female Small Whitebutterflies, Pieris
BUGBLOG: A SPIDER IN ANT DISGUISE A few spiders resembles ants in order to get close to them and eat them (aggressive mimicry), but most ant mimic spiders benefit because visual predators take them for ants, and avoid eating them. This is a case of protective or Batesian mimicry, the mimic imitating a dangerous model. Ants can be distasteful or aggressive or both, withbiting
BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax. THE LITTLE BROWN ARGUS COMPLEX TALE OF RANGE EXPANSION This species has increased markedly in range in the U.K in the last 30 years, expanding around 10 km per year since the early 1990s, reverting a previously declining trend. This could be seen as a direct response to climate change. But the story is not that simple, the positive response to temperature has been facilitated by changes inthe
BUGBLOG: GIRL POWER: SEX AND PARTHENOGENESIS IN VINE WEEVILS Precariously perched on a young oak branch, a Black Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, the first of the year.I am really not looking forward to seeing them, but they have an BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: THE CSI BLOWFLY Blowflies can smell rotting flesh from large distances and are one of the earliest finding a body. They have a very fast life cycle, and they can produce up to five generations a year, depending on the temperature. The female lays batches of 150-200 eggs in open wounds, rotten meat, or bodies. These eggs can hatch almost immediately afterbeing
BUGBLOG: WOODLICE PARADE Woodlice Parade. Woodlice are the easiest crustacean group to spot in the garden. Sure, your garden pond will likely contain several aquatic crustacean groups: Water Fleas, Copepods and Ostracods are likely. Woodlice are amongst the few crustacean groups that are truly terrestrial - although aquatic forms both freshwater and marine arealso found.
BUGBLOG: PHOLCUS PHALANGIOIDES, THE DADDY LONG-LEG SPIDER Pholcus is a very generalist predator and has no trouble subduing large prey.I have seen it with captured Tegenaria (above) even Dysdera (below), the latter a spider with enormous chelicerae.Pholcus is able to do so thanks to its long legs, as it throws silk to its prey and wraps it on silk while keeping a safe distance. It can also invade other spiders' webs and then makes them vibrate BUGBLOG: NEVER HOLD A BLACK CLOCK IN YOUR MOUTH I found a squished ground beetle on the pavement today, Pterostichus madidus, and I thought I would share with you some photos from last year of a very alive individual of this species .Curiously this carabid beetle has a curious English common name: the Black Clock. According to the book Bugs Britannica, by Marren and Mabey 'clock' was a word in widespread use to mean any big BUGBLOG: GROUND CRAB SPIDER Until a couple of weeks ago, I was under the mistaken impression that there were no crab spiders in the north of the U.K. Although this is true for flower crab spider, Misumena vatia, a chamaleon-like hunter that changes colour to match the flower is sitting on, there are many other species that are widely distributed, in the U.K. as I found out through a thread in Wild About Britain. BUGBLOG: A STRAWBERRY SEED BEETLE The species is quite distinctive with its orange legs and its wings covered on very fine hairs - giving the elythra a matt feel when compared with head and front of the thorax. This is an omnivorous beetle: it will predate small invertebrates but also feeds on seeds, and gets its English name from the damage it inflicts on strawberries. BUGBLOG: MARSUPIAL WATER SLATERS Marsupial water slaters. Water slaters or water-lice, Asellus aquaticus, scurry about the leaf litter of my indoor pond. They are fascinating pond inhabitants, always active, sometimes three individuals walking in a line across the tank walls. Most of the water slaters had broken antennae when I collected them, but they have nowgrown back, the
BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? A Small White bilateral gynandromorph, with visible female coloration on the left and male coloration on the right (top). Below, a false-colored representation of how these wing colors might be perceived by small whites, which are able to see UV light (photo courtesy of Nathan Morehouse) BUGBLOG: GIRL POWER: SEX AND PARTHENOGENESIS IN VINE WEEVILS Precariously perched on a young oak branch, a Black Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, the first of the year.I am really not looking forward to seeing them, but they have anBUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: ANTS AND CHERRY LAUREL NECTARIES Ants and cherry laurel nectaries. On passing by a hedge of Cherry Laurel, Prunus laurocerasus, we notice ants. Lots of Black Garden Ants, Lasius niger, walking all over the leaves. We creep closer and see little round marks on the base of the leaves that the ants are paying special attention to. They are nectaries, nectar producingorgans in
BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: A PRIMER ON SOLITARY BEES There are 20,000 species of bees in the world, of which about 250 are found in the UK. Most of them are solitary: males and females mate, and females find a nest, lay their own eggs and collect nectar and pollen for their own offspring. Many provision the nest themselves, others, instead ‘cheat’ taking over other ready-made nests ladenwith
BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? Small white or small ultraviolet butterfly? Graced with a few black spots and a shade of yellow in their underwings, the plain wings of white butterflies contrast with the colourful and rich patterns of other butterflies. Unfortunately, this is a reflection of the limitations of our visual system. Male and female Small Whitebutterflies, Pieris
BUGBLOG: A SPIDER IN ANT DISGUISE A few spiders resembles ants in order to get close to them and eat them (aggressive mimicry), but most ant mimic spiders benefit because visual predators take them for ants, and avoid eating them. This is a case of protective or Batesian mimicry, the mimic imitating a dangerous model. Ants can be distasteful or aggressive or both, withbiting
BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax. THE LITTLE BROWN ARGUS COMPLEX TALE OF RANGE EXPANSION This species has increased markedly in range in the U.K in the last 30 years, expanding around 10 km per year since the early 1990s, reverting a previously declining trend. This could be seen as a direct response to climate change. But the story is not that simple, the positive response to temperature has been facilitated by changes inthe
BUGBLOG: GIRL POWER: SEX AND PARTHENOGENESIS IN VINE WEEVILS Precariously perched on a young oak branch, a Black Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, the first of the year.I am really not looking forward to seeing them, but they have anBUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: ANTS AND CHERRY LAUREL NECTARIES Ants and cherry laurel nectaries. On passing by a hedge of Cherry Laurel, Prunus laurocerasus, we notice ants. Lots of Black Garden Ants, Lasius niger, walking all over the leaves. We creep closer and see little round marks on the base of the leaves that the ants are paying special attention to. They are nectaries, nectar producingorgans in
BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: A PRIMER ON SOLITARY BEES There are 20,000 species of bees in the world, of which about 250 are found in the UK. Most of them are solitary: males and females mate, and females find a nest, lay their own eggs and collect nectar and pollen for their own offspring. Many provision the nest themselves, others, instead ‘cheat’ taking over other ready-made nests ladenwith
BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? Small white or small ultraviolet butterfly? Graced with a few black spots and a shade of yellow in their underwings, the plain wings of white butterflies contrast with the colourful and rich patterns of other butterflies. Unfortunately, this is a reflection of the limitations of our visual system. Male and female Small Whitebutterflies, Pieris
BUGBLOG: A SPIDER IN ANT DISGUISE A few spiders resembles ants in order to get close to them and eat them (aggressive mimicry), but most ant mimic spiders benefit because visual predators take them for ants, and avoid eating them. This is a case of protective or Batesian mimicry, the mimic imitating a dangerous model. Ants can be distasteful or aggressive or both, withbiting
BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax. THE LITTLE BROWN ARGUS COMPLEX TALE OF RANGE EXPANSION This species has increased markedly in range in the U.K in the last 30 years, expanding around 10 km per year since the early 1990s, reverting a previously declining trend. This could be seen as a direct response to climate change. But the story is not that simple, the positive response to temperature has been facilitated by changes inthe
BUGBLOG: GIRL POWER: SEX AND PARTHENOGENESIS IN VINE WEEVILS Precariously perched on a young oak branch, a Black Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, the first of the year.I am really not looking forward to seeing them, but they have an BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: THE CSI BLOWFLY Blowflies can smell rotting flesh from large distances and are one of the earliest finding a body. They have a very fast life cycle, and they can produce up to five generations a year, depending on the temperature. The female lays batches of 150-200 eggs in open wounds, rotten meat, or bodies. These eggs can hatch almost immediately afterbeing
BUGBLOG: WOODLICE PARADE Woodlice Parade. Woodlice are the easiest crustacean group to spot in the garden. Sure, your garden pond will likely contain several aquatic crustacean groups: Water Fleas, Copepods and Ostracods are likely. Woodlice are amongst the few crustacean groups that are truly terrestrial - although aquatic forms both freshwater and marine arealso found.
BUGBLOG: PHOLCUS PHALANGIOIDES, THE DADDY LONG-LEG SPIDER Pholcus is a very generalist predator and has no trouble subduing large prey.I have seen it with captured Tegenaria (above) even Dysdera (below), the latter a spider with enormous chelicerae.Pholcus is able to do so thanks to its long legs, as it throws silk to its prey and wraps it on silk while keeping a safe distance. It can also invade other spiders' webs and then makes them vibrate BUGBLOG: NEVER HOLD A BLACK CLOCK IN YOUR MOUTH I found a squished ground beetle on the pavement today, Pterostichus madidus, and I thought I would share with you some photos from last year of a very alive individual of this species .Curiously this carabid beetle has a curious English common name: the Black Clock. According to the book Bugs Britannica, by Marren and Mabey 'clock' was a word in widespread use to mean any big BUGBLOG: GROUND CRAB SPIDER Until a couple of weeks ago, I was under the mistaken impression that there were no crab spiders in the north of the U.K. Although this is true for flower crab spider, Misumena vatia, a chamaleon-like hunter that changes colour to match the flower is sitting on, there are many other species that are widely distributed, in the U.K. as I found out through a thread in Wild About Britain. BUGBLOG: A STRAWBERRY SEED BEETLE The species is quite distinctive with its orange legs and its wings covered on very fine hairs - giving the elythra a matt feel when compared with head and front of the thorax. This is an omnivorous beetle: it will predate small invertebrates but also feeds on seeds, and gets its English name from the damage it inflicts on strawberries. BUGBLOG: MARSUPIAL WATER SLATERS Marsupial water slaters. Water slaters or water-lice, Asellus aquaticus, scurry about the leaf litter of my indoor pond. They are fascinating pond inhabitants, always active, sometimes three individuals walking in a line across the tank walls. Most of the water slaters had broken antennae when I collected them, but they have nowgrown back, the
BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? A Small White bilateral gynandromorph, with visible female coloration on the left and male coloration on the right (top). Below, a false-colored representation of how these wing colors might be perceived by small whites, which are able to see UV light (photo courtesy of Nathan Morehouse) BUGBLOG: GIRL POWER: SEX AND PARTHENOGENESIS IN VINE WEEVILS Precariously perched on a young oak branch, a Black Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, the first of the year.I am really not looking forward to seeing them, but they have anBUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: HITCHHIKER CRICKETS They are predatory crickets, and feed on small insects like aphids and leaf-miners (including those of Cameraria ohridella, the Horse Chestnut leaf miner). Despite their name, they occur in many tree and bush species and are a late species, with adults found from mid August up to the first frosts. Since the 1960s, the Southern Oak Bush cricket BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: WOODLICE PARADE Woodlice Parade. Woodlice are the easiest crustacean group to spot in the garden. Sure, your garden pond will likely contain several aquatic crustacean groups: Water Fleas, Copepods and Ostracods are likely. Woodlice are amongst the few crustacean groups that are truly terrestrial - although aquatic forms both freshwater and marine arealso found.
BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? Small white or small ultraviolet butterfly? Graced with a few black spots and a shade of yellow in their underwings, the plain wings of white butterflies contrast with the colourful and rich patterns of other butterflies. Unfortunately, this is a reflection of the limitations of our visual system. Male and female Small Whitebutterflies, Pieris
BUGBLOG: PAINTED LADIES, THE WORLD TRAVELLERS Painted Ladies, the world travellers. I kneeled down and crept closer. The butterfly stood tiptoeing exposing its wings fully to the low afternoon sun, warming up. I was on the coastal path by the low cliff top at Spurn Head, a well known bird migration hotspot. This was my last Painted Lady of that year, 5th October 2014. BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax. BUGBLOG: CINNABAR MOTHS AND CATERPILLARS During a walk in my local wildlife garden we noticed the first Cinnabar Moth (Tyria jacobaeae) caterpillars of the year, and an adult also flew by.The caterpillars clustered at the flower heads of Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), which they prefer as food, and had defoliated the plants quite a bit.Many had already left in search for greener pastures and were around the ground or wandering over BUGBLOG: NURSERY WEB SPIDERS Nursery web spiders. The nursery web spider, Pisaura mirabilis, is a striking, handsome spider with a surprising range of behaviours. A large spider, with long, but solid, legs and a long, tapering abdomen, it is quite variable in colour, but it always has a paleBUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: HITCHHIKER CRICKETS They are predatory crickets, and feed on small insects like aphids and leaf-miners (including those of Cameraria ohridella, the Horse Chestnut leaf miner). Despite their name, they occur in many tree and bush species and are a late species, with adults found from mid August up to the first frosts. Since the 1960s, the Southern Oak Bush cricket BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: WOODLICE PARADE Woodlice Parade. Woodlice are the easiest crustacean group to spot in the garden. Sure, your garden pond will likely contain several aquatic crustacean groups: Water Fleas, Copepods and Ostracods are likely. Woodlice are amongst the few crustacean groups that are truly terrestrial - although aquatic forms both freshwater and marine arealso found.
BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? Small white or small ultraviolet butterfly? Graced with a few black spots and a shade of yellow in their underwings, the plain wings of white butterflies contrast with the colourful and rich patterns of other butterflies. Unfortunately, this is a reflection of the limitations of our visual system. Male and female Small Whitebutterflies, Pieris
BUGBLOG: PAINTED LADIES, THE WORLD TRAVELLERS Painted Ladies, the world travellers. I kneeled down and crept closer. The butterfly stood tiptoeing exposing its wings fully to the low afternoon sun, warming up. I was on the coastal path by the low cliff top at Spurn Head, a well known bird migration hotspot. This was my last Painted Lady of that year, 5th October 2014. BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax. BUGBLOG: CINNABAR MOTHS AND CATERPILLARS During a walk in my local wildlife garden we noticed the first Cinnabar Moth (Tyria jacobaeae) caterpillars of the year, and an adult also flew by.The caterpillars clustered at the flower heads of Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), which they prefer as food, and had defoliated the plants quite a bit.Many had already left in search for greener pastures and were around the ground or wandering over BUGBLOG: NURSERY WEB SPIDERS Nursery web spiders. The nursery web spider, Pisaura mirabilis, is a striking, handsome spider with a surprising range of behaviours. A large spider, with long, but solid, legs and a long, tapering abdomen, it is quite variable in colour, but it always has a pale BUGBLOG: WALKING WITH WOODLICE I then moved into the woodpile area. This is a shady, moist spot amongst trees. I looked under some logs and, squinting and getting really close I could see some Common Pygmy Woodlice, Trichoniscus pusillus.They are reddish and shiny, not very flattened and very tiny(up to 4 mm).
BUGBLOG: THE COMMON ROUGH WOODLOUSE The Common Rough Woodlouse ( Porcellio scaber) - above- is one of the most common. Unlike the Pill Woodlouse ( Armadilium ), it is unable to roll into a ball, and instead, its defence mechanism consists in grasping the substrate and pressing its dorsal armour against it, so that its more vulnerable underside is protected. BUGBLOG: PHOLCUS PHALANGIOIDES, THE DADDY LONG-LEG SPIDER Pholcus is a very generalist predator and has no trouble subduing large prey.I have seen it with captured Tegenaria (above) even Dysdera (below), the latter a spider with enormous chelicerae.Pholcus is able to do so thanks to its long legs, as it throws silk to its prey and wraps it on silk while keeping a safe distance. It can also invade other spiders' webs and then makes them vibrate BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? Small white or small ultraviolet butterfly? Graced with a few black spots and a shade of yellow in their underwings, the plain wings of white butterflies contrast with the colourful and rich patterns of other butterflies. Unfortunately, this is a reflection of the limitations of our visual system. Male and female Small Whitebutterflies, Pieris
BUGBLOG: A PRIMER ON SOLITARY BEES There are 20,000 species of bees in the world, of which about 250 are found in the UK. Most of them are solitary: males and females mate, and females find a nest, lay their own eggs and collect nectar and pollen for their own offspring. Many provision the nest themselves, others, instead ‘cheat’ taking over other ready-made nests ladenwith
BUGBLOG: SNAKE MILLIPEDE Millipedes means "A thousand legs" but millipedes, although having more legs than centipedes, don't have a thousand legs, the record holder is, apparently, 750! Each of the millipedes body section has two pair of legs, except the few rings behind the head. Their antenna are elbowed and clubbed, and they constantly tap the ground while theymove.
BUGBLOG: PAINTED LADIES, THE WORLD TRAVELLERS Painted Ladies, the world travellers. I kneeled down and crept closer. The butterfly stood tiptoeing exposing its wings fully to the low afternoon sun, warming up. I was on the coastal path by the low cliff top at Spurn Head, a well known bird migration hotspot. This was my last Painted Lady of that year, 5th October 2014. BUGBLOG: AWESOME BEE FLIES Fantastic fliers. Bee flies are very fast and agile fliers, they hover a lot and can fly in any direction, including backwards. They don't settle to feed on flowers like hoverflies, instead, they behave more like a Hairy footed flower bee, or a Hummingbird Hawkmoth: their wings never stop moving when they feed from flowers, they are actually virtually invisible. BUGBLOG: NURSERY WEB SPIDERS Nursery web spiders. The nursery web spider, Pisaura mirabilis, is a striking, handsome spider with a surprising range of behaviours. A large spider, with long, but solid, legs and a long, tapering abdomen, it is quite variable in colour, but it always has a pale BUGBLOG: SLEEPING SNAILS A sunny day like a jewel in a dull, cold winter. For the first time in months I venture out to do some gardening. There are little signs ofbug activity.
BUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: ANTS AND CHERRY LAUREL NECTARIES Ants and cherry laurel nectaries. On passing by a hedge of Cherry Laurel, Prunus laurocerasus, we notice ants. Lots of Black Garden Ants, Lasius niger, walking all over the leaves. We creep closer and see little round marks on the base of the leaves that the ants are paying special attention to. They are nectaries, nectar producingorgans in
BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: WOODLICE PARADE Woodlice Parade. Woodlice are the easiest crustacean group to spot in the garden. Sure, your garden pond will likely contain several aquatic crustacean groups: Water Fleas, Copepods and Ostracods are likely. Woodlice are amongst the few crustacean groups that are truly terrestrial - although aquatic forms both freshwater and marine arealso found.
BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: HITCHHIKER CRICKETS They are predatory crickets, and feed on small insects like aphids and leaf-miners (including those of Cameraria ohridella, the Horse Chestnut leaf miner). Despite their name, they occur in many tree and bush species and are a late species, with adults found from mid August up to the first frosts. Since the 1960s, the Southern Oak Bush cricket BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax. BUGBLOG: THE WINDOW DATE OF LACE WEBBED SPIDERS Last week I noticed a female Amaurobius similis, also called lace webbed spider, on the kitchen windowsill.After a few moments - enough for me to take her photo - she quickly retreated to a crack between the sill and the window frame (photo below). BUGBLOG: NURSERY WEB SPIDERS Nursery web spiders. The nursery web spider, Pisaura mirabilis, is a striking, handsome spider with a surprising range of behaviours. A large spider, with long, but solid, legs and a long, tapering abdomen, it is quite variable in colour, but it always has a pale BUGBLOG: FEBRUARY 2012 The bees were out and about in the wildlife garden today. This one was feeding on snowdrops and stopped to clean itself up hanging from a single leg from a ragged flower.BUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: ANTS AND CHERRY LAUREL NECTARIES Ants and cherry laurel nectaries. On passing by a hedge of Cherry Laurel, Prunus laurocerasus, we notice ants. Lots of Black Garden Ants, Lasius niger, walking all over the leaves. We creep closer and see little round marks on the base of the leaves that the ants are paying special attention to. They are nectaries, nectar producingorgans in
BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: WOODLICE PARADE Woodlice Parade. Woodlice are the easiest crustacean group to spot in the garden. Sure, your garden pond will likely contain several aquatic crustacean groups: Water Fleas, Copepods and Ostracods are likely. Woodlice are amongst the few crustacean groups that are truly terrestrial - although aquatic forms both freshwater and marine arealso found.
BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: HITCHHIKER CRICKETS They are predatory crickets, and feed on small insects like aphids and leaf-miners (including those of Cameraria ohridella, the Horse Chestnut leaf miner). Despite their name, they occur in many tree and bush species and are a late species, with adults found from mid August up to the first frosts. Since the 1960s, the Southern Oak Bush cricket BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax. BUGBLOG: THE WINDOW DATE OF LACE WEBBED SPIDERS Last week I noticed a female Amaurobius similis, also called lace webbed spider, on the kitchen windowsill.After a few moments - enough for me to take her photo - she quickly retreated to a crack between the sill and the window frame (photo below). BUGBLOG: NURSERY WEB SPIDERS Nursery web spiders. The nursery web spider, Pisaura mirabilis, is a striking, handsome spider with a surprising range of behaviours. A large spider, with long, but solid, legs and a long, tapering abdomen, it is quite variable in colour, but it always has a pale BUGBLOG: FEBRUARY 2012 The bees were out and about in the wildlife garden today. This one was feeding on snowdrops and stopped to clean itself up hanging from a single leg from a ragged flower. BUGBLOG: SHARP-TAIL BEES Sharp-tail bees. It has been a while since I've seen a new bee in the garden. A couple of days ago it was sunny and warm and I watched the first male leaf-cutter bee Megachile willughbiella on a geranium. A while later a bee was basking on top of the fence post and I managed some distant shots. Its jaws looked very leaf-cutter like, but the end BUGBLOG: AWESOME BEE FLIES Fantastic fliers. Bee flies are very fast and agile fliers, they hover a lot and can fly in any direction, including backwards. They don't settle to feed on flowers like hoverflies, instead, they behave more like a Hairy footed flower bee, or a Hummingbird Hawkmoth: their wings never stop moving when they feed from flowers, they are actually virtually invisible. BUGBLOG: WALKING WITH WOODLICE I then moved into the woodpile area. This is a shady, moist spot amongst trees. I looked under some logs and, squinting and getting really close I could see some Common Pygmy Woodlice, Trichoniscus pusillus.They are reddish and shiny, not very flattened and very tiny(up to 4 mm).
BUGBLOG: NURSERY WEB SPIDERS Nursery web spiders. The nursery web spider, Pisaura mirabilis, is a striking, handsome spider with a surprising range of behaviours. A large spider, with long, but solid, legs and a long, tapering abdomen, it is quite variable in colour, but it always has a pale BUGBLOG: HULL DRAGONS 2020: AUGUST SUMMARY Wednesday, 2 September 2020. Hull Dragons 2020: August summary BUGBLOG: PHOLCUS PHALANGIOIDES, THE DADDY LONG-LEG SPIDER Pholcus is a very generalist predator and has no trouble subduing large prey.I have seen it with captured Tegenaria (above) even Dysdera (below), the latter a spider with enormous chelicerae.Pholcus is able to do so thanks to its long legs, as it throws silk to its prey and wraps it on silk while keeping a safe distance. It can also invade other spiders' webs and then makes them vibrate BUGBLOG: SNAKE MILLIPEDE Millipedes means "A thousand legs" but millipedes, although having more legs than centipedes, don't have a thousand legs, the record holder is, apparently, 750! Each of the millipedes body section has two pair of legs, except the few rings behind the head. Their antenna are elbowed and clubbed, and they constantly tap the ground while theymove.
BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? Small white or small ultraviolet butterfly? Graced with a few black spots and a shade of yellow in their underwings, the plain wings of white butterflies contrast with the colourful and rich patterns of other butterflies. Unfortunately, this is a reflection of the limitations of our visual system. Male and female Small Whitebutterflies, Pieris
BUGBLOG: PAINTED LADIES, THE WORLD TRAVELLERS Painted Ladies, the world travellers. I kneeled down and crept closer. The butterfly stood tiptoeing exposing its wings fully to the low afternoon sun, warming up. I was on the coastal path by the low cliff top at Spurn Head, a well known bird migration hotspot. This was my last Painted Lady of that year, 5th October 2014. BUGBLOG: MARSUPIAL WATER SLATERS Marsupial water slaters. Water slaters or water-lice, Asellus aquaticus, scurry about the leaf litter of my indoor pond. They are fascinating pond inhabitants, always active, sometimes three individuals walking in a line across the tank walls. Most of the water slaters had broken antennae when I collected them, but they have nowgrown back, the
BUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: ANTS AND CHERRY LAUREL NECTARIES Ants and cherry laurel nectaries. On passing by a hedge of Cherry Laurel, Prunus laurocerasus, we notice ants. Lots of Black Garden Ants, Lasius niger, walking all over the leaves. We creep closer and see little round marks on the base of the leaves that the ants are paying special attention to. They are nectaries, nectar producingorgans in
BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: WOODLICE PARADE Woodlice Parade. Woodlice are the easiest crustacean group to spot in the garden. Sure, your garden pond will likely contain several aquatic crustacean groups: Water Fleas, Copepods and Ostracods are likely. Woodlice are amongst the few crustacean groups that are truly terrestrial - although aquatic forms both freshwater and marine arealso found.
BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: HITCHHIKER CRICKETS They are predatory crickets, and feed on small insects like aphids and leaf-miners (including those of Cameraria ohridella, the Horse Chestnut leaf miner). Despite their name, they occur in many tree and bush species and are a late species, with adults found from mid August up to the first frosts. Since the 1960s, the Southern Oak Bush cricket BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax. BUGBLOG: THE WINDOW DATE OF LACE WEBBED SPIDERS Last week I noticed a female Amaurobius similis, also called lace webbed spider, on the kitchen windowsill.After a few moments - enough for me to take her photo - she quickly retreated to a crack between the sill and the window frame (photo below). BUGBLOG: NURSERY WEB SPIDERS Nursery web spiders. The nursery web spider, Pisaura mirabilis, is a striking, handsome spider with a surprising range of behaviours. A large spider, with long, but solid, legs and a long, tapering abdomen, it is quite variable in colour, but it always has a pale BUGBLOG: FEBRUARY 2012 The bees were out and about in the wildlife garden today. This one was feeding on snowdrops and stopped to clean itself up hanging from a single leg from a ragged flower.BUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: ANTS AND CHERRY LAUREL NECTARIES Ants and cherry laurel nectaries. On passing by a hedge of Cherry Laurel, Prunus laurocerasus, we notice ants. Lots of Black Garden Ants, Lasius niger, walking all over the leaves. We creep closer and see little round marks on the base of the leaves that the ants are paying special attention to. They are nectaries, nectar producingorgans in
BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: WOODLICE PARADE Woodlice Parade. Woodlice are the easiest crustacean group to spot in the garden. Sure, your garden pond will likely contain several aquatic crustacean groups: Water Fleas, Copepods and Ostracods are likely. Woodlice are amongst the few crustacean groups that are truly terrestrial - although aquatic forms both freshwater and marine arealso found.
BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: HITCHHIKER CRICKETS They are predatory crickets, and feed on small insects like aphids and leaf-miners (including those of Cameraria ohridella, the Horse Chestnut leaf miner). Despite their name, they occur in many tree and bush species and are a late species, with adults found from mid August up to the first frosts. Since the 1960s, the Southern Oak Bush cricket BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax. BUGBLOG: THE WINDOW DATE OF LACE WEBBED SPIDERS Last week I noticed a female Amaurobius similis, also called lace webbed spider, on the kitchen windowsill.After a few moments - enough for me to take her photo - she quickly retreated to a crack between the sill and the window frame (photo below). BUGBLOG: NURSERY WEB SPIDERS Nursery web spiders. The nursery web spider, Pisaura mirabilis, is a striking, handsome spider with a surprising range of behaviours. A large spider, with long, but solid, legs and a long, tapering abdomen, it is quite variable in colour, but it always has a pale BUGBLOG: SHARP-TAIL BEES Sharp-tail bees. It has been a while since I've seen a new bee in the garden. A couple of days ago it was sunny and warm and I watched the first male leaf-cutter bee Megachile willughbiella on a geranium. A while later a bee was basking on top of the fence post and I managed some distant shots. Its jaws looked very leaf-cutter like, but the end BUGBLOG: AWESOME BEE FLIES Fantastic fliers. Bee flies are very fast and agile fliers, they hover a lot and can fly in any direction, including backwards. They don't settle to feed on flowers like hoverflies, instead, they behave more like a Hairy footed flower bee, or a Hummingbird Hawkmoth: their wings never stop moving when they feed from flowers, they are actually virtually invisible. BUGBLOG: WALKING WITH WOODLICE I then moved into the woodpile area. This is a shady, moist spot amongst trees. I looked under some logs and, squinting and getting really close I could see some Common Pygmy Woodlice, Trichoniscus pusillus.They are reddish and shiny, not very flattened and very tiny(up to 4 mm).
BUGBLOG: NURSERY WEB SPIDERS Nursery web spiders. The nursery web spider, Pisaura mirabilis, is a striking, handsome spider with a surprising range of behaviours. A large spider, with long, but solid, legs and a long, tapering abdomen, it is quite variable in colour, but it always has a pale BUGBLOG: HULL DRAGONS 2020: AUGUST SUMMARY Wednesday, 2 September 2020. Hull Dragons 2020: August summary BUGBLOG: PHOLCUS PHALANGIOIDES, THE DADDY LONG-LEG SPIDER Pholcus is a very generalist predator and has no trouble subduing large prey.I have seen it with captured Tegenaria (above) even Dysdera (below), the latter a spider with enormous chelicerae.Pholcus is able to do so thanks to its long legs, as it throws silk to its prey and wraps it on silk while keeping a safe distance. It can also invade other spiders' webs and then makes them vibrate BUGBLOG: SNAKE MILLIPEDE Millipedes means "A thousand legs" but millipedes, although having more legs than centipedes, don't have a thousand legs, the record holder is, apparently, 750! Each of the millipedes body section has two pair of legs, except the few rings behind the head. Their antenna are elbowed and clubbed, and they constantly tap the ground while theymove.
BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? Small white or small ultraviolet butterfly? Graced with a few black spots and a shade of yellow in their underwings, the plain wings of white butterflies contrast with the colourful and rich patterns of other butterflies. Unfortunately, this is a reflection of the limitations of our visual system. Male and female Small Whitebutterflies, Pieris
BUGBLOG: PAINTED LADIES, THE WORLD TRAVELLERS Painted Ladies, the world travellers. I kneeled down and crept closer. The butterfly stood tiptoeing exposing its wings fully to the low afternoon sun, warming up. I was on the coastal path by the low cliff top at Spurn Head, a well known bird migration hotspot. This was my last Painted Lady of that year, 5th October 2014. BUGBLOG: MARSUPIAL WATER SLATERS Marsupial water slaters. Water slaters or water-lice, Asellus aquaticus, scurry about the leaf litter of my indoor pond. They are fascinating pond inhabitants, always active, sometimes three individuals walking in a line across the tank walls. Most of the water slaters had broken antennae when I collected them, but they have nowgrown back, the
BUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: ANTS AND CHERRY LAUREL NECTARIES Ants and cherry laurel nectaries. On passing by a hedge of Cherry Laurel, Prunus laurocerasus, we notice ants. Lots of Black Garden Ants, Lasius niger, walking all over the leaves. We creep closer and see little round marks on the base of the leaves that the ants are paying special attention to. They are nectaries, nectar producingorgans in
BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: WOODLICE PARADE Woodlice Parade. Woodlice are the easiest crustacean group to spot in the garden. Sure, your garden pond will likely contain several aquatic crustacean groups: Water Fleas, Copepods and Ostracods are likely. Woodlice are amongst the few crustacean groups that are truly terrestrial - although aquatic forms both freshwater and marine arealso found.
BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: HITCHHIKER CRICKETS They are predatory crickets, and feed on small insects like aphids and leaf-miners (including those of Cameraria ohridella, the Horse Chestnut leaf miner). Despite their name, they occur in many tree and bush species and are a late species, with adults found from mid August up to the first frosts. Since the 1960s, the Southern Oak Bush cricket BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax. BUGBLOG: THE WINDOW DATE OF LACE WEBBED SPIDERS Last week I noticed a female Amaurobius similis, also called lace webbed spider, on the kitchen windowsill.After a few moments - enough for me to take her photo - she quickly retreated to a crack between the sill and the window frame (photo below). BUGBLOG: NURSERY WEB SPIDERS Nursery web spiders. The nursery web spider, Pisaura mirabilis, is a striking, handsome spider with a surprising range of behaviours. A large spider, with long, but solid, legs and a long, tapering abdomen, it is quite variable in colour, but it always has a pale BUGBLOG: FEBRUARY 2012 The bees were out and about in the wildlife garden today. This one was feeding on snowdrops and stopped to clean itself up hanging from a single leg from a ragged flower.BUGBLOG
The following photo show a mating pair of Blue-tailed damselflies. In this species, copulation is very long, up to 8 hours and in dense populations a form similar in colour to males increases in frequency, as these females avoid the costs of prolonged copulations. Femalesoviposit alone.
BUGBLOG: ANTS AND CHERRY LAUREL NECTARIES Ants and cherry laurel nectaries. On passing by a hedge of Cherry Laurel, Prunus laurocerasus, we notice ants. Lots of Black Garden Ants, Lasius niger, walking all over the leaves. We creep closer and see little round marks on the base of the leaves that the ants are paying special attention to. They are nectaries, nectar producingorgans in
BUGBLOG: ANGLE SHADES CATERPILLAR After several weeks of frost and snow, and the coldest December for 120 years, we venture in the devastated garden to get some fresh air.Despite the frost, while brushing the leaves from the path, we came across a lively and fat Angle Shades caterpillar (Phlogophora meticulosa).Larvae of this common species of moth can be found all year round, while adults fly from May to October. BUGBLOG: WOODLICE PARADE Woodlice Parade. Woodlice are the easiest crustacean group to spot in the garden. Sure, your garden pond will likely contain several aquatic crustacean groups: Water Fleas, Copepods and Ostracods are likely. Woodlice are amongst the few crustacean groups that are truly terrestrial - although aquatic forms both freshwater and marine arealso found.
BUGBLOG: THE HORNET MIMIC LARGE ALDER SAWFLY This is an awesome European hornet mimic, down to the abdominal pattern, size and general colouration, including the wings, and general body shape. @RichardComont at Twitter identified it as Cimbex connatus, the large alder sawfly. Sawflies are a large and heterogeneous group in the hymenoptera, the order that includes stinging insects such as BUGBLOG: HITCHHIKER CRICKETS They are predatory crickets, and feed on small insects like aphids and leaf-miners (including those of Cameraria ohridella, the Horse Chestnut leaf miner). Despite their name, they occur in many tree and bush species and are a late species, with adults found from mid August up to the first frosts. Since the 1960s, the Southern Oak Bush cricket BUGBLOG: THE BATMAN HOVERFLY Surely, this is not an accepted English name for this common and widespread hoverfly, but the reason that this species is easy to identify is its distinctive 'Batman' logo on its thorax. BUGBLOG: THE WINDOW DATE OF LACE WEBBED SPIDERS Last week I noticed a female Amaurobius similis, also called lace webbed spider, on the kitchen windowsill.After a few moments - enough for me to take her photo - she quickly retreated to a crack between the sill and the window frame (photo below). BUGBLOG: NURSERY WEB SPIDERS Nursery web spiders. The nursery web spider, Pisaura mirabilis, is a striking, handsome spider with a surprising range of behaviours. A large spider, with long, but solid, legs and a long, tapering abdomen, it is quite variable in colour, but it always has a pale BUGBLOG: FEBRUARY 2012 The bees were out and about in the wildlife garden today. This one was feeding on snowdrops and stopped to clean itself up hanging from a single leg from a ragged flower. BUGBLOG: SHARP-TAIL BEES Sharp-tail bees. It has been a while since I've seen a new bee in the garden. A couple of days ago it was sunny and warm and I watched the first male leaf-cutter bee Megachile willughbiella on a geranium. A while later a bee was basking on top of the fence post and I managed some distant shots. Its jaws looked very leaf-cutter like, but the end BUGBLOG: AWESOME BEE FLIES Fantastic fliers. Bee flies are very fast and agile fliers, they hover a lot and can fly in any direction, including backwards. They don't settle to feed on flowers like hoverflies, instead, they behave more like a Hairy footed flower bee, or a Hummingbird Hawkmoth: their wings never stop moving when they feed from flowers, they are actually virtually invisible. BUGBLOG: WALKING WITH WOODLICE I then moved into the woodpile area. This is a shady, moist spot amongst trees. I looked under some logs and, squinting and getting really close I could see some Common Pygmy Woodlice, Trichoniscus pusillus.They are reddish and shiny, not very flattened and very tiny(up to 4 mm).
BUGBLOG: NURSERY WEB SPIDERS Nursery web spiders. The nursery web spider, Pisaura mirabilis, is a striking, handsome spider with a surprising range of behaviours. A large spider, with long, but solid, legs and a long, tapering abdomen, it is quite variable in colour, but it always has a pale BUGBLOG: HULL DRAGONS 2020: AUGUST SUMMARY Wednesday, 2 September 2020. Hull Dragons 2020: August summary BUGBLOG: PHOLCUS PHALANGIOIDES, THE DADDY LONG-LEG SPIDER Pholcus is a very generalist predator and has no trouble subduing large prey.I have seen it with captured Tegenaria (above) even Dysdera (below), the latter a spider with enormous chelicerae.Pholcus is able to do so thanks to its long legs, as it throws silk to its prey and wraps it on silk while keeping a safe distance. It can also invade other spiders' webs and then makes them vibrate BUGBLOG: SNAKE MILLIPEDE Millipedes means "A thousand legs" but millipedes, although having more legs than centipedes, don't have a thousand legs, the record holder is, apparently, 750! Each of the millipedes body section has two pair of legs, except the few rings behind the head. Their antenna are elbowed and clubbed, and they constantly tap the ground while theymove.
BUGBLOG: SMALL WHITE OR SMALL ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY? Small white or small ultraviolet butterfly? Graced with a few black spots and a shade of yellow in their underwings, the plain wings of white butterflies contrast with the colourful and rich patterns of other butterflies. Unfortunately, this is a reflection of the limitations of our visual system. Male and female Small Whitebutterflies, Pieris
BUGBLOG: PAINTED LADIES, THE WORLD TRAVELLERS Painted Ladies, the world travellers. I kneeled down and crept closer. The butterfly stood tiptoeing exposing its wings fully to the low afternoon sun, warming up. I was on the coastal path by the low cliff top at Spurn Head, a well known bird migration hotspot. This was my last Painted Lady of that year, 5th October 2014. BUGBLOG: MARSUPIAL WATER SLATERS Marsupial water slaters. Water slaters or water-lice, Asellus aquaticus, scurry about the leaf litter of my indoor pond. They are fascinating pond inhabitants, always active, sometimes three individuals walking in a line across the tank walls. Most of the water slaters had broken antennae when I collected them, but they have nowgrown back, the
FRIDAY, 4 OCTOBER 2019 HULL DRAGONS: SEPTEMBER SUMMARY I didn't think I would write a September summary for Hull Dragons. However, the first three weeks of September were generally dry, sunny and warm - though breezy at times - allowing for plentiful dragonfly surveys. In contrast, the end of the month was very overcast, wet and the temperatures plummeted. Overall, 134 records were submitted to iRecord from 9 species in September by 4 observers. Although fewer species have been active in September compared to August (9 compared to 13), and the general diversity is lower, the spread of the records is increased, with the records coming from 30 km2. 83% of the records were for Common Darter and Migrant Hawker. There were 8 Southern Hawker records and 5 Ruddy Darter records, the remaining species having one or two records each in the month. Most notably, however, a male Willow Emerald was first recorded at East Park. This is not only a great addition to the Hull Dragons survey, but it is the first record for all of East Yorkshire (see my previous post about it here).
With the addition of these records and the dragonfly records submitted through Birdtrack, HullDragons has now accumulated over 500 records, which are far more than I would have anticipated at the start of thesurvey.
Other than my Willow Emerald twitch, my favourite dragonfly trip this month was at Noddle Hill. The sheltered 'Snake Pass' ride is a favourite haunt of Migrant and Southern Hawker, hunting and sunbathing and both Common and Ruddy darters also favour it. The NW corner of the lake, with a wide belt of marginal vegetation, in a sunny, sheltered corner, had plenty of Migrant Hawker activity, with several mating pairs, two of them sitting close to each other. A male Ruddy Darter was also on territory. The following are some photos of that survey on the 18th of September. Female Migrant Hawker. Male Southern Hawker. Mating Migrant Hawkers. Mating Common Darter. The patrolling Migrant Hawker males over the water offered some opportunities for in flight photography. Male Ruddy Darter on territory. LIST OF SPECIES RECORDED ON SEPTEMBER* Southern Hawker
* Brown Hawker
* Migrant Hawker
* Ruddy darter
* Common Darter
* Small Red-eyed damselfly* WILLOW EMERALD
* Black-tailed skimmer * Common blue damselfly Note: this will be the last survey for HullDragonsPosted by
Africa Gomez at 10:291 comments
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TUESDAY, 10 SEPTEMBER 2019 WILLOW EMERALD TWITCH AT EAST PARK When I posted the Hull Dragons August summary on the 6th of September, I noted that, regarding the Willow Emerald Damselfly "there is a possibility this rapidly expanding species may make it into Hull in the near future". But I was never expecting the near future to be as quick as 48 hours! @pondwatcher on Twitter: How exciting was that!? The Willow Emerald benefits from urbanisation, as it favours permanent garden and park ponds, surrounded by trees or bushes. Its is a late flying species, making the end of the dragonfly/damselfly season more exciting. It is the only Odonata species that oviposits into live wood, usually thin branches overhanging water, where eggs induce a diagnostic, gall-like reaction in the wood in a pattern of parallellines.
After a few sporadic records, the Willow Emerald became a regular breeding species in the UK in 2009, where many breeding colonies were discovered in Suffolk. Since then, it has steadily increased in range west and north, and this year it crossed the Humber for the first time.
Today, there was a forecast of sunny spells and light WNW wind, and I decided to got on a damselfly twitch. I arrived at the park at 9:00 and walked to the eastern side of the lake, where the area around the boardwalk is favoured by dragonflies and damselflies. The first sunny spell took about an hour to arrive. When it did, Migrant Hawker males became active, with up to 5 males sharing the area, patrolling and resting over the large patch of marginal vegetation (above), a single female making a short appearance. A female Common Darter (above) sat on the railings of the boardwalk, the first record of this species in the park this year. After walking up and down for a while searching for the Willow Emerald and with another large cloud looming, I moved onto the western side of the park to search for Small Red-eyed Damselflies. No luck, not a single damselfly on the west side of the main lake or boating lake. After a hot drink in the cafe I returned to the boardwalk. More searching of trees and marginal vegetation and walking up and down the boardwalk. The Migrant Hawkers were active so I watched them for a while. It was 12:20, the temperature quite pleasant in the sun, barely a breeze. Two male Common Darters were in attendance, chasing. After three hours in the park, I thought I had to content myself with a tandem pair of Common Darters, which were looking for an oviposition site. Maybe the Willow Emerald had succumbed to predation, of moved on. Another cloud was coming. I thought I'd stay for the next sunny spell. Then, a lovely, large sturdy green damselfly flitted about, checked the passing pair of hesitant darters in tandem, and sat on a leaf near the boardwalk: yes! the male Willow Emerald! It gave the impression of a sizeable insect, it is indeed as long or a bit longer than a common darter, and a stronger flyer than the common emerald. It sat on exposed leaves over the water, moving every now and then to another perch. It sat on alder leaves, on branched burr reed flower heads and leaves. I could take plenty of photos, as I watched it for about 20 min. A lovely damselfly tick! This photo shows the 'spur' on the side of the thorax and the pale pterostigma with dark edges. The pale appendages are also distinctive. No bluish pruinescence isapparent.
Willow Emerald males often sit on low branches of trees, overhanging water, which are the ovipositing sites chosen by females. Posted by Africa Gomez at 21:062 comments
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FRIDAY, 6 SEPTEMBER 2019 HULL DRAGONS: AUGUST SUMMARY The dragonfly season has been in full swing, particularly during the very warm Bank Holiday weekend. Thirteen species and a total of 130 records from 23 km squares have been submitted so far to iRecord during August. Seven recorders have contributed to these records. During the last part of the month a number of species were still on the wing, although the records were dominated by Common Darters and Migrant Hawkers, two late, abundant and obvious species that also roam away from water. Both species add squares to the survey that don't necessarily hold breeding sites. Choosing highlights hasn't been easy, but these are some. SMALL RED-EYED DAMSELFLY To the thriving population at East Park we added Pickering park as a new site for the species, where many individuals and ovipositing was confirmed. A few other scattered records are evidence of the rapid range expansion of this species.MIGRANT HAWKER
A great year for Migrant Hawkers. They have been plentiful, with almost 50 records submitted to iRecord to 6th of September, compared to 18 last year. More excitingly, breeding evidence was obtained, with multiple patrolling males on several potential breeding sites with mating pairs at Pickering Park, Foredyke Stream, Beverley and Barmston Drain, and oviposition observed at Foredyke Stream.SOUTHERN HAWKER
A total of 22 records have been submitted for this species this year, compared to 4 last year. The Southern Hawker (top shot and above) is a recent colonist that has only been in the recording area since 2007, but is now well established, with records from 12 sites and evidence of breeding (oviposition and emergence) in several of them. Male Black Darter near St Andrews Quay, 2012. Photo by Barry Warrington, used with permission. BLACK DARTER A record of a male was submitted by Barry Warrington of this rare darter on the East side of the Yorkshire Wolds. This is a notable record as there are only a handful of records in the area, the first one from 2011 at Priory Fields, the second from the Beverley and Barmston Drain in 2013. Barry has found Black Darters in the same area, near St Andrews Quay, in 2012 (above) and 2016. Records of this species probably represent dispersing individuals, as the species breeds on boggy, moorland or heath ponds not present in our recordingarea.
LIST OF SPECIES RECORDED IN AUGUST* Migrant Hawker.
* Southern Hawker.
* Brown Hawker.
* Common Darter
* Emperor Dragonfly.* Common Blue
* Blue-tailed Damselfly.* Small Red-eyed.
* Red-Eyed Damselfly.* Azure Damselfly
* Ruddy Darter.
* Emerald. Foredyke Green.* Black Darter.
IN THE WIDER AREA: WILLOW EMERALD EXPANSION Emerald Damselfly. Mature male. Willow Emerald male. Note lack of blue 'pruinescence', pale pterostigma with black margins and pale abdominal appendages. On side view a spur on the thorax is distinctive. Note eyes are not blue. Records of Willow Emerald Damselfly from Lincolnshire and a record from North Yorkshire means that there is a possibility this rapidly expanding species may make it into Hull in the near future. Fortunately, it is a late flying species, active until October, so it is worth while keeping an eye for it. The photo above was taken in a London park during the bank holiday weekend. Posted by Africa Gomez at 20:091 comments
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TUESDAY, 3 SEPTEMBER 2019 MIGRANT HAWKERS SCRAMBLE COMPETITIONI'm
used to watching migrant hawkers foraging over gardens, leafy streets and sheltered woodland rides, some times in groups. They are immature individuals, gathering energy away from water. Migrant Hawkers, unlike other hawkers, mature slowly, and will move to suitable breeding sites after their long immature period. During this past week I've watched them in their breeding sites in lakes and drains, where mating and egg-laying takes place. A mature male rests briefly between bouts of searching (PickeringPark, 27th August)
MALES AT THE BREEDING SITE At one of my local parks (Pickering Park) last week, dozens of Migrant Hawkers sat or patrolled alongside marginal vegetation around the lake. The males, now fully mature and showing their bright blue spots and eyes and side yellow-green stripes often hovered in a spot, or explored the vegetation, flying well into it, searching for females. A typical hovering male in a clearing at the marginal vegetation (Pickering Park, 27th August), offering them good views.MATING
I saw no females, until one was captured by a male: no preliminary or courtship, the male just tackled her and positioned himself to grab her by the head. The female is then able to curve her abdomen and mate, retrieving sperm from the male's secondary genitalia at the base of the abdomen, forming the 'wheel position'. They may fly in wheel position very fast, zigzagging alongside the marginal vegetation edge or briefly rising into the air, before settling on vegetation (above). Ovipositing female (Foredyke Stream, 1st September) The moment when the male passes by, and sees the female. The pair, mating. OVIPOSITION A couple of days ago I watched a patrolling male on a ditch doing its usual patrolling routine, rising to inspect any passing individual, even paying attention - briefly rising - to birds flying over. A mated female arrived, unnoticed, and started laying eggs on live leaves well above the water line, I'd say over one metre over the water. She checked leaves and unsheathing her ovipositor, started laying into them (the eggs will overwinter inside the plant leaves, where they are protected from predation). After a couple of minutes, the male noticed her, tackled her and mating ensued. This time the pair settled briefly on plants, which allowed me to take a shot (above). Mating in Migrant Hawkers is longer than in other territorial relatives. Two males resting near each other (Pickering Park, 27th August) NONTERRITORIAL MALES This species is notoriously non-aggressive, even at the breeding sites. Males will even rest within view from each other (above). A patrolling male will swiftly rise to check a passing one, but the interaction is suggestive of them 'checking' that they are not a female, and letting the other individual go their way if it's a male. There is no defended territory, just males congregating on suitable ovipositing sites and searching for females, a type of mating tactic called 'scramble competition'. This appears to be the reason behind the long copulation. A territorial male mating for a long time may lose the territory to an invader, or miss extra mating opportunities. A nonterritorial male has less to lose, and therefore makes sure that he fertilises as many as possible of the females' eggs, possibly by taking time to remove any previous sperm before transferring his transfer. These patterns have been shown to stand when the copulation duration of territorial and nonterritorial drogonfly species were compared, but I haven't found specific data on the Migrant Hawker. To illustrate the pattern, the Emperor, a territorial species, copulates for an average of 10 min, while the Common Hawker, a non-territorial one, copulates for an average of 67 min. Of course, this lengthy copulation is not necessarily to the benefit of the female, who may be already mated, as the female already laying eggs, and therefore this sets the stage for the evolution of female counter-tactics, such as visiting the water as little as possible and avoiding males if they can, something I have covered before at Bugblog.
MORE INFORMATION
Córdoba-Aguilar, A., Serrano-Meneses, M. A. and Cordero-Rivera, A. Copulation Duration in Nonterritorial Odonate Species Lasts Longer than in Territorial Species . _Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am._ 102, 694–701 (2009). Posted by Africa Gomez at 19:322 comments
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scramble competition THURSDAY, 1 AUGUST 2019 HULL DRAGONS: JULY SUMMARY July is peak dragonfly season, most of the early species are still on the wing, and the last of the high summer species have emerged too. Hull Dragons has now a total of 180 records in iRecord, from 34 km2 surveyed (28 of them in July) yielding a grand total of 15 species. All but Broad-bodied Chaser, an early season species, have been recorded during July at iRecord. Survey coverage: 34 km2. Four new species have been added to the survey this month: Southern Hawker, Common Darter, Brown Hawker and Small Red-eyed Damselfly. Evidence of breeding has been obtained for all four but Brown Hawker.SOUTHERN HAWKER
The first record of Southern Hawker was at Pearson park Wildlife Garden pond. A number of fresh exuviae were collected between the 2nd and the 8th of July from the emergent vegetation in and around thepond.
Southern Hawker exuviae, Pearson Park wildlife garden. Two exuviae and observations of an individual getting into a house were obtained at a private Avenues pond. Other records include an individual flying by Oak Road and two or three at Noddle Hill Lake. Immature Southern Hawker at Noddle Hill Lake.BANDED DEMOISELLE
The excellent Banded Demoiselle year continues, with more records and additional sites for this species by the River Hull at Thearne, at Mill Beck, Cottingham and at the Boating Lake at Peter Pan Park(Costello Stadium).
Female Banded Demoiselle by the River Hull at Ennerdale.EMPEROR DRAGONFLY
After a few sightings in the last week of June, it is peak season for this species, which has now been recorded at 10 sites. Males were patrolling and defending territories at East Park, Pickering Park, Foredyke Green, Ennerdale South pond and Beverley and Barmston Drain. A female was observed ovipositing at Ennerdale South pond Male Emperor by the Beverley and Barmston drain. Female Emperor ovipositing, Costello Stadium boating lake. BLACK-TAILED SKIMMERS The first Black-tailed skimmer record was at the end of June, but it is in this month that they become more common. They have been recorded at 4 sites, with 8 records: Ennerdale South pond, East Park, Noddle Hill LNR and a private avenues pond. Ovipositing was observed at Ennerdale South Pond. Ovipositing female and guarding male Black-tailed skimmer at Ennerdale South Pond. The male confronted the resident Emperor while the female oviposited. One of several territorial male Black-tailed Skimmers at East Park.AZURE DAMSELFLY
Azure Damselflies have now been recorded in 13 km2. Evidence of breeding in the form of mating and ovipositing has been obtained inseveral sites.
Azure Damselflies mating, Pearson Park wildlife garden.RUDDY DARTER
Ruddy darters have been found in Noddle Hill LNR, Oak Road Lake, Midmeredales Pond (several tenerals) and a private pond in theAvenues.
Ruddy Darter, Oak Road Lake.COMMON DARTER
The first Common Darter in the area was at Ennerdale S Pond on the 4th July, where several tenerals were found in the vegetation by the pond. More tenerals and darter exuviae were found at an avenues private garden where both Ruddy and Common Darters have been recorded. At least two individuals and three exuviae were found at Pearson Park Wildlife Garden. This species has a long flight season and roams away from water before settling to breed so hopefully more records will be added as the season progresses. Common darter, private avenues pond. BLUE-TAILED DAMSELFLY No matter the weather, even during cloudy or muggy days or the habitat, which includes polluted water or fish ponds, the Blue-tailed damselfly always saves the day. I was pleased to find the 'rufescens' female form at the pond in the Museums Garden in the city centre, where the species is very abundant. This form also occurs at East Park. We now have records from 18 squares in the recording area. SMALL RED-EYED DAMSELFLIES The first sighting of this species this year was at East Park, with dozens of pairs ovipositing in both main lake and boating lake on 13th and 25th of July. Two individuals were recorded at St Andrew’s Quay pond and there is also a record at a garden pond at Skidby. The new locations indicate that this species is likely to become more commonand widespread.
Resting male.
Small red-eyed damselflies ovipositing, East Park boating lake.RED-EYED DAMSELFLY
More records for this species were obtained for East Park and Noddle Hill. A teneral female at Noddle Hill provided evidence of successful breeding at this site. Red-eyed Damselfly, Noddle Hill Lake. Teneral female Red-eyed Damselfly, Noddle Hill lake. Posted by Africa Gomez at 17:560 comments
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You don't have to travel far to marvel about the natural world. Extraordinary animals with fascinating behaviours live around us in our homes, gardens and cities. This blog is a venue in which I showcase research or curious facts or observations on insects and other invertebrates I come across, mostly in and around my garden inthe UK.
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* Africa Gomez
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biologist interested in Evolution, Behaviour and Ecology based in Hull (U.K.). I like to use photography to document animal behaviour. I have been hooked on Natural History since I was a kid. My research focus on invertebrates, especially those dispersing passively, and have included rotifers, Artemia and tadpole shrimp (Triops). I also have an obsessive interest of all topics related to human evolution and apes and I am a birdwatcher. View my complete profile PHOTOGRAPHS AND TEXT IN BUGBLOG All photographs and text in Bugblog unless otherwise stated are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License . You are welcome to use them for private, educational or other non-commercial use, provided you acknowledge their source (a link to Bugblog or my name will do). Although not necessary, I appreciate if you let me know you are going to use them.SHARETHIS
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