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ARMS CONTROL ASSOCIATION Interpretations, opinions, or conclusions in Arms Control Today should be understood to be solely those of the authors and should not be attributed to the association, its board of directors, officers, or other staff members, or to organizations and individuals that support the Arms Control Association. NUCLEAR DECLARATORY POLICY AND NEGATIVE SECURITY Contact: Kelsey Davenport, Director for Nonproliferation Policy, (202) 462-8270; Kingston Reif, Director for Disarmament and Threat Reduction Policy, (202) 462-8270 x104 The world’s nuclear-armed states each have declared, to varying degrees of specificity, when and under what circumstances they reserve the option to use their nuclear weapons. THE OPEN SKIES TREATY AT A GLANCE Contacts: Daryl Kimball, Executive Director, (202) 463-8270 x107. Signed March 24, 1992, the Open Skies Treaty permits each state-party to conduct short-notice, unarmed, reconnaissance flights over the others' entire territories to collect data on military forces andactivities.
NEGOTIATING WITH NORTH KOREA: AN INTERVIEW WITH FORMER U.S June 2021 For more than two years, Stephen Biegun was U.S. deputy secretary of state and the top envoy executing President Donald Trump’s highly personal and ultimately unsuccessful diplomacy with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. NUCLEAR-WEAPON-FREE ZONES (NWFZ) AT A GLANCE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION SIGNATORIES AND STATES-PARTIES Contact: Daryl Kimball, Executive Director, (202) 463-8270 x107 The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) entered into force on April 29, 1997 and currently has 193 states-parties.One state has signed but not ratified (Israel). Three states have neither signed nor ratified (Egypt, North Korea, and South Sudan).. For a guide to the convention, see The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) at a Glance. ARMS CONTROL ASSOCIATION Current U.S. nuclear weapons policies exceed what is necessary to deter a nuclear attack from any U.S. adversary, and the financial and opportunity costs of the current nuclear modernization plan U.S. NUCLEAR MODERNIZATION PROGRAMS Contact: Kingston Reif, Director for Disarmament and Threat Reduction Policy, (202) 463-8270 x104 Contents. Cost Overview; Nuclear Modernization Snapshot; Nuclear Modernization Overview 1. Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) 2. Submarine-Launched ARMS CONTROL TODAY: ARCHIVED ISSUES Arms Control Today is the monthly flagship publication of the Arms Control Association. Since 1972, Arms Control Today has provided policymakers, journalists, and concerned citizens with authoritative information and analysis on arms control proposals, negotiations, and agreements, and related national security news. Below are links to archived versions of the journal from July 1996 RUSSIA RELEASES NUCLEAR DETERRENCE POLICY July/August 2020 By Shannon Bugos. Russia publicly expanded on the circumstances under which it might employ nuclear weapons in a policydocument on
ARMS CONTROL ASSOCIATION Interpretations, opinions, or conclusions in Arms Control Today should be understood to be solely those of the authors and should not be attributed to the association, its board of directors, officers, or other staff members, or to organizations and individuals that support the Arms Control Association. NUCLEAR DECLARATORY POLICY AND NEGATIVE SECURITY Contact: Kelsey Davenport, Director for Nonproliferation Policy, (202) 462-8270; Kingston Reif, Director for Disarmament and Threat Reduction Policy, (202) 462-8270 x104 The world’s nuclear-armed states each have declared, to varying degrees of specificity, when and under what circumstances they reserve the option to use their nuclear weapons. THE OPEN SKIES TREATY AT A GLANCE Contacts: Daryl Kimball, Executive Director, (202) 463-8270 x107. Signed March 24, 1992, the Open Skies Treaty permits each state-party to conduct short-notice, unarmed, reconnaissance flights over the others' entire territories to collect data on military forces andactivities.
NEGOTIATING WITH NORTH KOREA: AN INTERVIEW WITH FORMER U.S June 2021 For more than two years, Stephen Biegun was U.S. deputy secretary of state and the top envoy executing President Donald Trump’s highly personal and ultimately unsuccessful diplomacy with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. NUCLEAR-WEAPON-FREE ZONES (NWFZ) AT A GLANCE ARMS CONTROL ASSOCIATION Current U.S. nuclear weapons policies exceed what is necessary to deter a nuclear attack from any U.S. adversary, and the financial and opportunity costs of the current nuclear modernization plan ARMS CONTROL ASSOCIATION Interpretations, opinions, or conclusions in Arms Control Today should be understood to be solely those of the authors and should not be attributed to the association, its board of directors, officers, or other staff members, or to organizations and individuals that support the Arms Control Association. THE OPEN SKIES TREATY AT A GLANCE Contacts: Daryl Kimball, Executive Director, (202) 463-8270 x107. Signed March 24, 1992, the Open Skies Treaty permits each state-party to conduct short-notice, unarmed, reconnaissance flights over the others' entire territories to collect data on military forces andactivities.
NUCLEAR DECLARATORY POLICY AND NEGATIVE SECURITY Contact: Kelsey Davenport, Director for Nonproliferation Policy, (202) 462-8270; Kingston Reif, Director for Disarmament and Threat Reduction Policy, (202) 462-8270 x104 The world’s nuclear-armed states each have declared, to varying degrees of specificity, when and under what circumstances they reserve the option to use their nuclear weapons. THE SIX-PARTY TALKS AT A GLANCE Contact: Kelsey Davenport, Director for Nonproliferation Policy, (202) 463-8270 x102 The six-party talks were a series of multilateral negotiations held intermittently since 2003 and attended by China, Japan, North Korea, Russia, South Korea, and the United States for the purpose of dismantling North Korea’s nuclear program. THE ANTI-BALLISTIC MISSILE (ABM) TREATY AT A GLANCE Contact: Daryl Kimball, Executive Director, (202) 463-8270 x107; Kingston Reif, Director for Disarmament and Threat Reduction Policy, (202) 463-8270 x104 Negotiated between the United States and the Soviet Union as part of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, the now-defunct Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty was signed on May 26, 1972, and entered into force on October 3, 1972. JUNE 2021 ACT INTERVIEW Join the Arms Control Association. The Arms Control Association depends on the generous contributions of individuals who share our goal of promoting public understanding of CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS STATUS AT A GLANCE Despite the progress made by international conventions, biological weapons (BW) and chemical weapons (CW) still pose a threat. More progress has been made by Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) states-parties and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in the destruction of declared CW stockpiles. UPDATING THE CWC: HOW WE GOT HERE AND WHAT IS NEXT April 2020 By Stefano Costanzi and Gregory D. Koblentz. In late June 2018, Charlie Rowley and Dawn Sturgess, residents of Amesbury in the United Kingdom, discovered a discarded perfume bottle. KINGSTON REIF, DIRECTOR OF DISARMAMENT & THREAT REDUCTION Kingston A. Reif is the Director for Disarmament and Threat Reduction Policy at the Arms Control Association, where his work focuses on nuclear disarmament, deterrence, and arms control, preventing nuclear terrorism, missile defense, and the defense budget.Reif is an expert on the legislative process and closely monitors Congressional actionon these issues.
ARMS CONTROL ASSOCIATION Arms Control NOW. Bayard Rustin, Britain’s Nuclear Weapons, and the Global Struggle for Peace and Justice. Criticism of this week's announcement by the United Kingdom on its nuclear weapons arsenal echoes the arguments of anti-nuclear, anti-colonialist leaders of an earlier era. March 17, 2021. More. ARMS CONTROL TODAY: ARCHIVED ISSUES Arms Control Today is the monthly flagship publication of the Arms Control Association. Since 1972, Arms Control Today has provided policymakers, journalists, and concerned citizens with authoritative information and analysis on arms control proposals, negotiations, and agreements, and related national security news. Below are links to archived versions of the journal from July 1996 NUCLEAR-WEAPON-FREE ZONES (NWFZ) AT A GLANCE ARMS CONTROL ASSOCIATION Arms Control Today is produced through our members' support. Join today to receive in-depth features, news, and analyses in arms control. Interpretations, opinions, or conclusions in Arms Control Today should be understood to be solely those of the authors and should not be attributed to the association, its board of directors,officers, or
CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION SIGNATORIES AND STATES-PARTIES Contact: Daryl Kimball, Executive Director, (202) 463-8270 x107 The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) entered into force on April 29, 1997 and currently has 193 states-parties.One state has signed but not ratified (Israel). Three states have neither signed nor ratified (Egypt, North Korea, and South Sudan).. For a guide to the convention, see The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) at a Glance. THE MISSILE TECHNOLOGY CONTROL REGIME AT A GLANCE Contact: Kelsey Davenport, Director for Nonproliferation Policy, (202) 463-8270 x102 The Missile Technology Control Regime Guidelines and Annex. Established in April 1987, the voluntary Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) aims to limit the spread of ballistic missiles and other unmanned delivery systems that could be used for chemical, biological, and nuclear attacks. THE OTTAWA CONVENTION AT A GLANCE The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction, typically referred to as the "Ottawa Convention" or "Mine Ban Treaty," seeks to end the use of anti-personnel landmines (APLs) worldwide. It was opened for signature on December 3, 1997, and it entered intoforce
THE SIX-PARTY TALKS AT A GLANCE The six-party talks were a series of multilateral negotiations held intermittently since 2003 and attended by China, Japan, North Korea, Russia, South Korea, and the United States for the purpose of dismantling North Korea’s nuclear program. The talks were hosted in Beijing and chaired by China. North Korea decided to no longerparticipate in
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS STATUS AT A GLANCE Despite the progress made by international conventions, biological weapons (BW) and chemical weapons (CW) still pose a threat. More progress has been made by Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) states-parties and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in the destruction of declared CW stockpiles. THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION (CWC) AT A GLANCE Fact Sheets & Briefs. Contact: Daryl G. Kimball, Executive Director, 202-463-8270 x 107. The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is a multilateral treaty that bans chemical weapons and requires their destruction within a specified period of time. The treaty is of unlimited duration and is far more comprehensive than the 1925 GenevaProtocol
ARMS CONTROL ASSOCIATION Arms Control NOW. Bayard Rustin, Britain’s Nuclear Weapons, and the Global Struggle for Peace and Justice. Criticism of this week's announcement by the United Kingdom on its nuclear weapons arsenal echoes the arguments of anti-nuclear, anti-colonialist leaders of an earlier era. March 17, 2021. More. ARMS CONTROL TODAY: ARCHIVED ISSUES Arms Control Today is the monthly flagship publication of the Arms Control Association. Since 1972, Arms Control Today has provided policymakers, journalists, and concerned citizens with authoritative information and analysis on arms control proposals, negotiations, and agreements, and related national security news. Below are links to archived versions of the journal from July 1996 NUCLEAR-WEAPON-FREE ZONES (NWFZ) AT A GLANCE ARMS CONTROL ASSOCIATION Arms Control Today is produced through our members' support. Join today to receive in-depth features, news, and analyses in arms control. Interpretations, opinions, or conclusions in Arms Control Today should be understood to be solely those of the authors and should not be attributed to the association, its board of directors,officers, or
CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION SIGNATORIES AND STATES-PARTIES Contact: Daryl Kimball, Executive Director, (202) 463-8270 x107 The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) entered into force on April 29, 1997 and currently has 193 states-parties.One state has signed but not ratified (Israel). Three states have neither signed nor ratified (Egypt, North Korea, and South Sudan).. For a guide to the convention, see The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) at a Glance. THE MISSILE TECHNOLOGY CONTROL REGIME AT A GLANCE Contact: Kelsey Davenport, Director for Nonproliferation Policy, (202) 463-8270 x102 The Missile Technology Control Regime Guidelines and Annex. Established in April 1987, the voluntary Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) aims to limit the spread of ballistic missiles and other unmanned delivery systems that could be used for chemical, biological, and nuclear attacks. THE OTTAWA CONVENTION AT A GLANCE The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction, typically referred to as the "Ottawa Convention" or "Mine Ban Treaty," seeks to end the use of anti-personnel landmines (APLs) worldwide. It was opened for signature on December 3, 1997, and it entered intoforce
THE SIX-PARTY TALKS AT A GLANCE The six-party talks were a series of multilateral negotiations held intermittently since 2003 and attended by China, Japan, North Korea, Russia, South Korea, and the United States for the purpose of dismantling North Korea’s nuclear program. The talks were hosted in Beijing and chaired by China. North Korea decided to no longerparticipate in
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS STATUS AT A GLANCE Despite the progress made by international conventions, biological weapons (BW) and chemical weapons (CW) still pose a threat. More progress has been made by Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) states-parties and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in the destruction of declared CW stockpiles. THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION (CWC) AT A GLANCE Fact Sheets & Briefs. Contact: Daryl G. Kimball, Executive Director, 202-463-8270 x 107. The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is a multilateral treaty that bans chemical weapons and requires their destruction within a specified period of time. The treaty is of unlimited duration and is far more comprehensive than the 1925 GenevaProtocol
FACT SHEETS
Featured Fact Sheets. Open Skies Treaty at a Glance. Timeline of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) Chronology of U.S.-North Korean Nuclear and Missile Diplomacy. U.S.-Russian Arms Control Agreements. Timeline of Nuclear Diplomacy With Iran. The Joint Comprehensive Planof
JUNE 2021 ACT NEWS 2 Join the Arms Control Association. The Arms Control Association depends on the generous contributions of individuals who share our goal of promoting public understanding of HIGH-LEVEL GROUP ISSUES APPEAL TO BIDEN AND PUTIN TO For Immediate Release: June 8, 2021 Media Contacts: Ira Helfand, past president, IPPNW (1-413-320-7829); Sergey Batsanov, Pugwash Conferences (+41-791-554-610); Rachel Bronson, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (1-312-404-3071); Daryl Kimball, executive director, Arms Control Association (1-202-463-8270 ext. 107). (Washington, D.C./Moscow)—In advance of the first summit between U.S. NUCLEAR MODERNIZATION PROGRAMS The NNSA is currently pursuing a controversial and expensive plan to consolidate the existing number of nuclear warhead types from 10 down to 5, although this program has been delayed. Known as the "3+2" strategy, the five LEPs associated with this approach are estimated to CURRENT U.S. MISSILE DEFENSE PROGRAMS AT A GLANCE Executive Summary. According to Missile Defense Agency (MDA) estimates, Congress has appropriated over $200 billion for the agency’s programs between fiscal years 1985 and 2019.That total does not include spending by the military services on programs such as the Patriot system or the many additional tens of billions of dollars spent since work on anti-missile systems first began in the 1950s. ARMS CONTROL ASSOCIATION Arms Control Today is produced through our members' support. Join today to receive in-depth features, news, and analyses in arms control. Interpretations, opinions, or conclusions in Arms Control Today should be understood to be solely those of the authors and should not be attributed to the association, its board of directors,officers, or
THE NUCLEAR TESTING TALLY Contacts: Daryl Kimball, Executive Director, (202) 463-8270 x107 Since the first nuclear test explosion on July 16, 1945, at least eight nations have detonated 2,056 nuclear test explosions at dozens of test sites, including Lop Nor in China, the atolls of the Pacific, Nevada, Algeria where France conducted its first nuclear device, western Australia where the U.K. exploded nuclear weapons THE SIX-PARTY TALKS AT A GLANCE The six-party talks were a series of multilateral negotiations held intermittently since 2003 and attended by China, Japan, North Korea, Russia, South Korea, and the United States for the purpose of dismantling North Korea’s nuclear program. The talks were hosted in Beijing and chaired by China. North Korea decided to no longerparticipate in
THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION (CWC) AT A GLANCE Fact Sheets & Briefs. Contact: Daryl G. Kimball, Executive Director, 202-463-8270 x 107. The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is a multilateral treaty that bans chemical weapons and requires their destruction within a specified period of time. The treaty is of unlimited duration and is far more comprehensive than the 1925 GenevaProtocol
FISSILE MATERIAL CUT-OFF TREATY (FMCT) AT A GLANCE Contact: Daryl Kimball, Executive Director, (202) 463-8270 x107; Kingston Reif, Director for Disarmament and Threat Reduction Policy, (202) 463-8270 x104 A fissile material cut-off treaty (FMCT) is a proposed international agreement that would prohibit the production of the two main components of nuclear weapons: highly-enriched uranium (HEU) and plutonium. THE ARMS CONTROL ASSOCIATION WEBSITE USES COOKIES We use cookies to personalize content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyze our traffic. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners who may combine it with other information that you’ve provided to them or that they’ve collected from your use of their services. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. For more, review our privacy policy.
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Marketing cookies are used to track visitors across websites. The intention is to display ads that are relevant and engaging for the individual user and thereby more valuable for publishers and thirdparty advertisers.
NAME
PROVIDER
PURPOSE
EXPIRY
TYPE
_chartbeat2
thenation.com
RFE/RL
rollcall.com
Used by the web analytics company Chartbeat to register whether the user has visited the website before.1 year
HTTP
_chartbeat4
thenation.com
RFE/RL
rollcall.com
Used by the web analytics company Chartbeat to register whether the user has visited the website before.1 day
HTTP
_fbp
thenation.com
washingtontimes.com
RFE/RL
rollcall.com
Used by Facebook to deliver a series of advertisement products such as real time bidding from third party advertisers.3 months
HTTP
_gcl_au
thenation.com
New York Times
Used by Google AdSense for experimenting with advertisement efficiency across websites using their services.3 months
HTTP
sailthru_content
thenation.com
Collects information on user preferences and/or interaction with web-campaign content - This is used on CRM-campaign-platform used by website owners for promoting events or products.1 year
HTTP
sailthru_pageviews
thenation.com
Sets a unique ID for the visitor, that allows third party advertisers to target the visitor with relevant advertisement. This pairing service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for advertisers.1 day
HTTP
sailthru_visitor
thenation.com
Sets a unique ID for the visitor, that allows third party advertisers to target the visitor with relevant advertisement. This pairing service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for advertisers.1 year
HTTP
xbc
thenation.com
washingtontimes.com
Collects data on visitors' behaviour and interaction - This is used to optimize the website and make advertisement on the website morerelevant.
2 years
HTTP
__widgetsettings
Persistent
HTML
i/jot
Session
Pixel
local_storage_support_testPersistent
HTML
personalization_id
2 years
HTTP
uid
33 Across
Oracle
Adform
Adotmob
Assigns a user ID that is connected to a registration of the user's IP address, browser type, browser language, date and time for visiting the website and what search query that took the user to the page. Also used to collect information on what content the user copies from the page. Non-personally identifiable user data can be aggregated with non-personally identifiable data of other users and subsequently shared with third parties without limitation.1 year
HTTP
__gads
washingtontimes.com
rollcall.com
sputniknews.com
thenation.com
Used to register what ads have been displayed to the user.2 years
HTTP
__pat
washingtontimes.com
thenation.com
Used in context with the implementation of content from other news sites. The cookie also allows for the third-party news site to gather user data on the current website.29 days
HTTP
__pvi
washingtontimes.com
thenation.com
Used in context with the implementation of content from other news sites. The cookie also allows for the third-party news site to gather user data on the current website.1 day
HTTP
__tbc
washingtontimes.com
thenation.com
Registers data on visitors from multiple visits and on multiple websites. This information is used to measure the efficiency of advertisement on websites.2 years
HTTP
_awl
washingtontimes.com
Collects data on visitors' preferences and behaviour on the website - This information is used make content and advertisement more relevant to the specific visitor.3 years
HTTP
OB-USER-TOKEN
washingtontimes.com
Collects data on user behaviour and interaction in order to optimize the website and make advertisement on the website more relevant.3 months
HTTP
APID
Yahoo
AOL
Collects data on visitors' preferences and behaviour on the website - This information is used make content and advertisement more relevant to the specific visitor.227 days
HTTP
APIDTS
Yahoo
Collects data on visitors' preferences and behaviour on the website - This information is used make content and advertisement more relevant to the specific visitor.1 day
HTTP
B
Yahoo
Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.1 year
HTTP
yabs-sid
Yandex
Registers data on visitors' website-behaviour. This is used for internal analysis and website optimization.Session
HTTP
yuidss
Yandex
Collects information on user behaviour on multiple websites. This information is used in order to optimize the relevance of advertisement on the website.1 year
HTTP
GPS
YouTube
Registers a unique ID on mobile devices to enable tracking based on geographical GPS location.1 day
HTTP
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE
YouTube
Tries to estimate the users' bandwidth on pages with integratedYouTube videos.
179 days
HTTP
YSC
YouTube
Registers a unique ID to keep statistics of what videos from YouTubethe user has seen.
Session
HTTP
yt-remote-cast-installedYouTube
Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTubevideo
Session
HTML
yt-remote-connected-devicesYouTube
Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTubevideo
Persistent
HTML
yt-remote-device-id
YouTube
Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTubevideo
Persistent
HTML
yt-remote-fast-check-periodYouTube
Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTubevideo
Session
HTML
yt-remote-session-appYouTube
Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTubevideo
Session
HTML
yt-remote-session-nameYouTube
Stores the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTubevideo
Session
HTML
zuid
Zemanta
Sets a unique ID for the visitor, that allows third party advertisers to target the visitor with relevant advertisement. This pairing service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for advertisers.1 year
HTTP
cicouid
Taboola
Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.1 year
HTTP
_can2_session
The Action Network
Pending
Session
HTTP
partners
Adotmob
Pending
1 year
HTTP
sync
TripleLift
Detects whether partner data synchronization is functioning and currently running - This function sends user data between third-party advertisement companies for the purpose of targeted advertisements.3 months
HTTP
tluid
TripleLift
This cookie is used to identify the visitor and optimize ad-relevance by collecting visitor data from multiple websites – this exchange of visitor data is normally provided by a third-party data-center or ad-exchange.3 months
HTTP
bsw_uid
4finance
mfadsrvr.com
Used to identify the visitor across visits and devices. This allows the website to present the visitor with relevant advertisement - The service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.1 year
HTTP
loc
Oracle
Geolocation, which is used to help providers determine how users who share information with each other are geographically located (statelevel).
13 months
HTTP
na_id
Oracle
Used to recognize the visitor upon re-entry. This allows the website to register the visitor’s behaviour and facilitate the social sharing function provided by Addthis.com.13 months
HTTP
na_sc_x
Oracle
Used to recognize the visitor upon re-entry. This allows the website to register the visitor’s behaviour and facilitate the social sharing function provided by Addthis.com.29 days
HTTP
na_tc
Oracle
Used to recognize the visitor upon re-entry. This allows the website to register the visitor’s behaviour and facilitate the social sharing function provided by Addthis.com.13 months
HTTP
ouid
Oracle
Sets an ID-string for the specific visitor. This is used to recognize the visitor upon re-entry. This allows the website to register the visitor’s behaviour and facilitate the social media sharing function provided by Addthis.com.13 months
HTTP
uvc
Oracle
Detects how often the social sharing service, AddThis, encountersthe same user.
13 months
HTTP
xtc
Oracle
Registers the user's sharing of content via social media.13 months
HTTP
UserID1
Adition
This cookie is used to collect information on a visitor. This information will become an ID string with information on a specific visitor – ID information strings can be used to target groups with similar preferences, or can be used by third-party domains orad-exchanges.
179 days
HTTP
am-uid
Admixer
This cookie is used to identify the visitor and optimize ad-relevance by collecting visitor data from multiple websites – this exchange of visitor data is normally provided by a third-party data-center or ad-exchange.2 years
HTTP
anj
Appnexus
Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.3 months
HTTP
uuid2
Appnexus
Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.3 months
HTTP
uuid
Adotmob
ads.avct.cloud
Mediamath
This cookie is used to optimize ad relevance by collecting visitor data from multiple websites – this exchange of visitor data is normally provided by a third-party data-center or ad-exchange.1 year
HTTP
TDCPM
The Trade Desk
Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.1 year
HTTP
TDID
The Trade Desk
Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.1 year
HTTP
avnguid
advangelists.com
Sets a unique ID for the visitor, that allows third party advertisers to target the visitor with relevant advertisement. This pairing service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for advertisers.1 year
HTTP
__atuvc
afp.com
Oracle
Updates the counter of a website's social sharing features.13 months
HTTP
__atuvs
afp.com
Oracle
Ensures that the updated counter is displayed to the user if a page is shared with the social sharing service, AddThis.1 day
HTTP
_mkto_trk
afp.com
Contains data on visitor behaviour and website interaction. This is used in context with the email marketing service Marketo.com, which allows the website to target visitors via email.2 years
HTTP
IDSYNC
Oath
Used to identify the visitor across visits and devices. This allows the website to present the visitor with relevant advertisement - The service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.1 year
HTTP
_at.cww
www.armscontrol.org
Used by the social sharing platform AddThisPersistent
HTML
at-lojson-cache-#
www.armscontrol.org
Used by the social sharing platform AddThisPersistent
HTML
at-rand
www.armscontrol.org
Used by the social sharing platform AddThisPersistent
HTML
google_experiment_mod#Persistent
HTML
tuuid
Bidswitch
mfadsrvr.com
perf-serving.com
Programattik
Registers whether or not the user has consented to the use ofcookies.
1 year
HTTP
tuuid_lu
Bidswitch
mfadsrvr.com
perf-serving.com
Programattik
Contains a unique visitor ID, which allows Bidswitch.com to track the visitor across multiple websites. This allows Bidswitch to optimize advertisement relevance and ensure that the visitor does not see the same ads multiple times.1 year
HTTP
MUID
Microsoft
Used widely by Microsoft as a unique user ID. The cookie enables user tracking by synchronising the ID across many Microsoft domains.1 year
HTTP
b
Blis
Collects statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised onlineadvertising.
1 year
HTTP
bkdc
Oracle
Registers user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.179 days
HTTP
bkpa
Oracle
Used to present the visitor with relevant content and advertisement - The service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.179 days
HTTP
bku
Oracle
Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.179 days
HTTP
CMID
Casalemedia
Collects visitor data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targetedads.
1 year
HTTP
CMPRO
Casalemedia
Collects data on visitor behaviour from multiple websites, in order to present more relevant advertisement - This also allows the website to limit the number of times that the visitor is shown the sameadvertisement.
3 months
HTTP
CMPS
Casalemedia
Collects visitor data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targetedads.
3 months
HTTP
CMRUM3
Casalemedia
Collects visitor data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targetedads.
1 year
HTTP
CMST
Casalemedia
Collects visitor data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targetedads.
1 day
HTTP
CMSUM
Casalemedia
Collects data on visitor behaviour from multiple websites, in order to present more relevant advertisement - This also allows the website to limit the number of times that they are shown the sameadvertisement.
1 year
HTTP
INGRESSCOOKIE
Pulsepoint
Registers which server-cluster is serving the visitor. This is used in context with load balancing, in order to optimize user experience.Session
HTTP
demdex
Adobe Inc
Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.179 days
HTTP
dpm
Adobe Inc
Sets a unique ID for the visitor, that allows third party advertisers to target the visitor with relevant advertisement. This pairing service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for advertisers.179 days
HTTP
DSID
1 day
HTTP
IDE
to the user.
1 year
HTTP
r/collect
Session
Pixel
test_cookie
1 day
HTTP
eapn_id
ORC
Presents the user with relevant content and advertisement. The service is provided by third-party advertisement hubs, which facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.3 months
HTTP
euid
ORC
Used to present the visitor with relevant content and advertisement - The service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.3 months
HTTP
u
erne.co
RTB House
Collects unidentifiable data that is sent to an unidentifiable source. The source's identity is kept secret by the company, PerfectPrivacy LLC.
2 years
HTTP
ev_sync_dd
Adobe Inc
Stores visitors' navigation by registering landing pages - This allows the website to present relevant products and/or measure their advertisement efficiency on other websites.30 days
HTTP
everest_g_v2
Adobe Inc
Used for targeted ads and to document efficacy of each individualad.
1 year
HTTP
EE
The Nielsen Company
Collects data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.119 days
HTTP
ud
The Nielsen Company
Collects visitor data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targetedads.
119 days
HTTP
extendtv_user_id
Zypmedia
Collects data on visitor interaction with the website's video-content - This data is used to make the website's video-content more relevant towards the visitor.2 years
HTTP
fr
3 months
HTTP
gdpid
GeistM
Sets a unique ID for the visitor, that allows third party advertisers to target the visitor with relevant advertisement. This pairing service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for advertisers.1 year
HTTP
ads/ga-audiences
websites.
Session
Pixel
NID
6 months
HTTP
IQver
Intent Iq
Sets a unique ID for the visitor, that allows third party advertisers to target the visitor with relevant advertisement. This pairing service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for advertisers.2 years
HTTP
_kuid_
Salesforce
Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.179 days
HTTP
_li_ss
Liveintent
Sets a unique ID for the visitor, that allows third party advertisers to target the visitor with relevant advertisement. This pairing service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for advertisers.29 days
HTTP
lidid
Liveintent
Collects data on visitors' behaviour and interaction - This is used to make advertisement on the website more relevant. The cookie also allows the website to detect any referrals from other websites.2 years
HTTP
ljt_reader
Sovrn
Collects data related to reader interests, context, demographics and other information on behalf of the Lijit platform with the purpose of finding interested users on websites with related content.1 year
HTTP
ljtrtb
Sovrn
Collects data related to reader interests, context, demographics and other information on behalf of the Lijit platform with the purpose of finding interested users on websites with related content.1 year
HTTP
bcookie
2 years
HTTP
bscookie
2 years
HTTP
lidc
1 day
HTTP
lissc
1 year
HTTP
UserMatchHistory
29 days
HTTP
sd-session-id
live.rezync.com
Registers data on visitors from multiple visits and on multiple websites. This information is used to measure the efficiency of advertisement on websites.5 years
HTTP
id
m6r.eu
Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.3 months
HTTP
test
m6r.eu
Used to detect if the visitor has accepted the marketing category in the cookie banner. This cookie is necessary for GDPR-compliance of thewebsite.
1 day
HTTP
mt_mop
Mediamath
Collects data on the user's visits to the website, such as what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used for targeted ads.30 days
HTTP
data-rk
Media.net
Collects data on visitor behaviour from multiple websites, in order to present more relevant advertisement - This also allows the website to limit the number of times that the visitor is shown the sameadvertisement.
1 year
HTTP
nid
Mixi.Media
Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.99 days
HTTP
i
Openx
Yandex
Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.1 year
HTTP
pd
Openx
Collects information on visitor behaviour on multiple websites. This information is used on the website, in order to optimize the relevanceof advertisement.
14 days
HTTP
actvagnt
Outbrain
Collects information on user behaviour on multiple websites. This information is used in order to optimize the relevance of advertisement on the website.29 days
HTTP
apnxs
Outbrain
Used to present the visitor with relevant content and advertisement - The service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.29 days
HTTP
bdswch
Outbrain
Used to present the visitor with relevant content and advertisement - The service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.29 days
HTTP
mdfrc
Outbrain
Used in context with SEO and conversion optimization. Gathers any user reports or behavioral data into reports for the website operator. This service is provided by a third-party analysis-service.29 days
HTTP
obuid
Outbrain
Sets a unique ID for the visitor, that allows third party advertisers to target the visitor with relevant advertisement. This pairing service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for advertisers.3 months
HTTP
pwrlnks
Outbrain
Collects data on the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded with the purpose of generating reports for optimising the website content.29 days
HTTP
ttd
Outbrain
Used in context with SEO and conversion optimization. Gathers any user reports or behavioral data into reports for the website operator. This service is provided by a third-party analysis-service.29 days
HTTP
_ir
1 day
HTTP
opt_out
Nativo
Used to detect if the visitor has accepted the marketing category in the cookie banner. This cookie is necessary for GDPR-compliance of thewebsite.
1 year
HTTP
pl_user_id
Powerlinks
This cookie registers data on the visitor. The information is used to optimize advertisement relevance.3 months
HTTP
_/ad/#/pixel
Quora
Collects data on user behaviour and interaction in order to optimize the website and make advertisement on the website more relevant.Session
Pixel
cref
Quantcast
Contains data on user navigation, interaction and time spent on the website and its sub-pages - This data is used to optimise the relevance of advertisements and for statistical purposes.13 months
HTTP
mc
Quantcast
Collects data on the user's visits to the website, such as what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used for targeted ads.13 months
HTTP
__ID
Revcontent
Sets a unique ID for the visitor, that allows third party advertisers to target the visitor with relevant advertisement. This pairing service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for advertisers.50 years
HTTP
zync-uuid
rezync.com
Sets a unique ID for the visitor, that allows third party advertisers to target the visitor with relevant advertisement. This pairing service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for advertisers.10 years
HTTP
_cb_svref
RFE/RL
rollcall.com
thenation.com
This cookie is used to collect information on a visitor. This information will become an ID string with information on a specific visitor – ID information strings can be used to target groups with similar preferences, or can be used by third-party domains orad-exchanges.
1 day
HTTP
utag_main
RFE/RL
Used by Tealium Tag Manager to store a unique visitor ID, a session ID and to persist data about the visitor's interaction with the website, e.g. last page viewed.1 year
HTTP
eud
Rocketfuel
Registers user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.1 year
HTTP
euds
Rocketfuel
Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.Session
HTTP
rud
Rocketfuel
Registers user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.1 year
HTTP
ruds
Rocketfuel
Registers user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.Session
HTTP
smd
Rocketfuel
Used to present the visitor with relevant content and advertisement - The service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.1 year
HTTP
pxrc
LiveRamp
This cookie registers data on the visitor. The information is used to optimize advertisement relevance.2 months
HTTP
rlas3
LiveRamp
Collects visitor data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targetedads.
1 year
HTTP
_v__chartbeat3
rollcall.com
Contains data on user navigation, interaction and time spent on the website and its sub-pages - This data is used to optimise the relevance of advertisements and for statistical purposes.1 year
HTTP
GED_PLAYLIST_ACTIVITYrollcall.com
This cookie is set to count the number of times a specific visitor is shown a specific ad – the cookie enables the advertisers to differentiate the specific ads shown and thereby making the advertising more efficient.Session
HTTP
UID
Scorecardresearch
Collects information of the user and his/her movement, such as timestamp for visits, most recently loaded pages and IP address. The data is used by the marketing research network, Scorecard Research, to analyse traffic patterns and carry out surveys to help their clients better understand the customer's preferences.2 years
HTTP
UIDR
Scorecardresearch
Collects information of the user and his/her movement, such as timestamp for visits, most recently loaded pages and IP address. The data is used by the marketing research network, Scorecard Research, to analyse traffic patterns and carry out surveys to help their clients better understand the customer's preferences.2 years
HTTP
r1
Sizmek
Collects data related to the user's navigation visits to webpages in order to assess the efficacy of ads that are displayed on the website.Session
HTTP
u2
Sizmek
Collects data related to the user's navigation visits to webpages in order to assess the efficacy of ads that are displayed on the website.3 months
HTTP
um2
Sizmek
Sets a unique ID for the visitor, that allows third party advertisers to target the visitor with relevant advertisement. This pairing service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for advertisers.3 months
HTTP
pid
Smart Adserver
Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.13 months
HTTP
HAPLB5S
Sonobi
Used to track visitors on multiple websites, in order to present relevant advertisement based on the visitor's preferences.Session
HTTP
sc_anonymous_id
Soundcloud
This cookie allows users to embed files or other content onto the website, this function can be limited to specific visitors.10 years
HTTP
WIDGET::local::assignmentsSoundcloud
Used by audio-platform SoundCloud to implement, measure and improve their embedded content/service on the website - The collection of data also includes visitors’ interaction with embedded content/service. This can be used for statistics or marketing purposes.Persistent
HTML
device_uuid
Spot.im
Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.50 years
HTTP
audience
Spotx
Used to determine whether the video-ads have been displayed correctly on the website - This is done to make video-ads more effective and ensure that the visitor is not shown the same ads more times than intended. The cookie also detects whether the visitor has any Do Not Track preferences.1 year
HTTP
sa-user-id
Stackadapt
Used to track visitors on multiple websites, in order to present relevant advertisement based on the visitor's preferences.1 year
HTTP
sa-user-id-v2
Stackadapt
Used to track visitors on multiple websites, in order to present relevant advertisement based on the visitor's preferences.1 year
HTTP
attr_multitouch
Surveymonkey
Used in context with SEO and conversion optimization. Gathers any user reports or behavioral data into reports for the website operator. This service is provided by a third-party analysis-service.1 year
HTTP
ep#
Surveymonkey
Saves user states across page requests when completing a web-basedsurvey.
1 day
HTTP
abLdr
Taboola
Collects information on visitor behaviour on multiple websites. This information is used on the website, in order to optimize the relevanceof advertisement.
1 day
HTTP
t_gid
Taboola
This cookie assigns a specific visitor ID, when the visitor interacts with ads or content from the website - this allows the website to target the visitor with similar ads or content.1 year
HTTP
taboola_session_id
Taboola
This cookie is used to collect information on a visitor. This information will become an ID string with information on a specific visitor – ID information strings can be used to target groups with similar preferences, or can be used by third-party domains orad-exchanges.
Session
HTTP
tt_bluekai
Teads
Used to present the visitor with relevant content and advertisement - The service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.1 day
HTTP
tt_dar
Teads
Used to present the visitor with relevant content and advertisement - The service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.1 day
HTTP
tt_emetriq
Teads
Used to present the visitor with relevant content and advertisement - The service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.1 day
HTTP
tt_exelate
Teads
Used to present the visitor with relevant content and advertisement - The service is provided by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.1 day
HTTP
tt_liveramp
Teads
Tracks the conversion rate between the user and the advertisement banners on the website - This serves to optimise the relevance of the advertisements on the website.1 day
HTTP
tt_neustar
Teads
Tracks the conversion rate between the user and the advertisement banners on the website - This serves to optimise the relevance of the advertisements on the website.1 day
HTTP
tt_retargetly
Teads
Tracks the conversion rate between the user and the advertisement banners on the website - This serves to optimise the relevance of the advertisements on the website.1 day
HTTP
tt_salesforce
Teads
Used to track visitors on multiple websites, in order to present relevant advertisement based on the visitor's preferences.1 day
HTTP
tt_skp
Teads
Used in context with video-advertisement. The cookie limits the number of times a user is shown the same advertisement. The cookie is also used to ensure relevance of the video-advertisement to thespecific user.
1 day
HTTP
tt_viewer
Teads
Used in context with video-advertisement. The cookie limits the number of times a visitor is shown the same advertisement-content. The cookie is also used to ensure relevance of the video-advertisement to the specific visitor.1 year
HTTP
ctbtolb
ctbto.org
Pending
Session
HTTP
recs_#32#
Outbrain
Pending
1 day
HTTP
rtbhs
Outbrain
Pending
29 days
HTTP
_pinterest_ct_ua
Pending
1 year
HTTP
dsps:#
Powerlinks
Pending
4 days
HTTP
ssps:#
Powerlinks
Pending
4 days
HTTP
sync_#GUID#
Powerlinks
Pending
1 day
HTTP
HAPLB5G
Sonobi
Pending
Session
HTTP
cs
Teads
Pending
29 days
HTTP
__bid
Piano
Pending
1 year
HTTP
i/jot/syndication
Pending
Session
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RECONSIDERING U.S. PLUTONIUM PIT PRODUCTION PLANS By Sharon K. Weiner, _Arms Control Today_*
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Volume 50: June 2020 Reconsidering U.S. Plutonium Pit Production PlansBy Sharon K. Weiner
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Surging U.S. Nuclear Weapons Budget a Growing Danger The Trump administration’s excessive strategy to replace nearly the entire U.S. nuclear arsenal at roughly the same time is a ticking budget time bomb, even at historically high levels of national defensespending.
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Risks and Realities of Extending the UN Arms Embargo on Iran On a superficial level, calls for extending the arms embargo on Iran may seem like a useful and politically expedient response to Iran’s aggressive activities in the Middle East region. But in reality, such exhortations could undermine regional security.March 5, 2020
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Responses to Common Criticisms About Extending New START New START expires on Feb. 5, 2021, but can be extended by up to five years. Here are responses to the common criticisms about an extensionof the treaty.
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