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ABOUT — ASKNATURE
“When we Ask Nature, first we quiet our human cleverness. Then we ask, and then we listen. The answer is the echo that bounces off of the land herself. With the solution in hand, we always end the circle by saying thank you.” ––Janine Benyus PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEM INSPIRED BY CAMELS Innovation Details. The cooling system is made of two layers. The inner layer is made of a hydrogel, from which water can readily evaporate, similar to sweat glands. The outer layer is an aerogel, which keeps out external heat, but allows the water vapor to pass through, similar to camel fur. The water vapor has a cooling effect asit increases
ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY SOLAR CELLS INSPIRED BY Biomimicry Story. Photosynthesis is essential for life on Earth. It is the process by which plants produce energy and oxygen using just sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis in plants converts solar energy into chemical energy using electrons and protons fromwater.
SYNERGISTIC WIND FARM DESIGN INSPIRED BY SCHOOLING FISH Innovation Details. Inspired by the way fish can reduce the energetic loss by swimming in a school, vertical axis wind turbines are placed close together so that individual turbines can capture downstream airflow produced by neighboring turbines. This reduces the total area needed for the turbines while increasing energy output by up to10-fold.
REVERSIBLE SMART GLUE INSPIRED BY MUSSELS Innovation Details. The underwater smart glue uses an electrical current to turn off the adhesion of a catechol-containing material. Catechol is a synthetic protein that is able to bind to wet surfaces and mimics the protein that mussels use to attach to rocks underwater. The use of electrical currents to deactivate the adhesion means the process could one day be controlled with the press of a PASSIVELY COOLED BUILDING INSPIRED BY TERMITE MOUNDS The $35 million building saved 10% on costs up-front by not purchasing an air-conditioning system. Rents are less expensive in this building compared to nearby buildings because of the savings in energy costs. At the time of the building’s design, researchers had proposed that termite mounds maintained stable internal climates by having a DURABLE, WATERPROOF FABRIC INSPIRED BY MAMMAL FUR The Nikwax Analogy® system has an inner layer, called the pump liner, which mimics the action of animal fur by pushing water outwards to protect from rain, condensation and perspiration, while also providing insulation. The pump liner is covered by a durable densely woven outer layer, which provides windproofing and deflects rain. LARGE EARS HELP COOL THE BODY The Strategy. The jackrabbit’s large ears provide an expansive surface area of exposed skin loaded with blood vessels. When the surrounding air temperature is slightly below the rabbit’s body temperature, as when it retreats from hot desert sun into shade, the blood vessels in the outer part of its ears widen in a process calledvasodilation.
LEAVES FOLD IN RESPONSE TO TOUCH Each leaf of the Mimosa is a collection of small leaflets growing off of a midrib, usually with around 15 to 20 pairs of leaflets along each midrib. The angle between the midrib and the vein of each leaflet ranges from 25° to 85°. When the leaflets fold in response to touch, this angle decreases to between 15° to 25°. INNOVATION INSPIRED BY NATURE Whether you're building tools for underwater communication or finding new ways to map the cosmos, nature is rife with practical inspiration for the project at hand. Ask Nature's innovation database makes it easy to explore a variety of products and design solutions inspired byABOUT — ASKNATURE
“When we Ask Nature, first we quiet our human cleverness. Then we ask, and then we listen. The answer is the echo that bounces off of the land herself. With the solution in hand, we always end the circle by saying thank you.” ––Janine Benyus PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEM INSPIRED BY CAMELS Innovation Details. The cooling system is made of two layers. The inner layer is made of a hydrogel, from which water can readily evaporate, similar to sweat glands. The outer layer is an aerogel, which keeps out external heat, but allows the water vapor to pass through, similar to camel fur. The water vapor has a cooling effect asit increases
ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY SOLAR CELLS INSPIRED BY Biomimicry Story. Photosynthesis is essential for life on Earth. It is the process by which plants produce energy and oxygen using just sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis in plants converts solar energy into chemical energy using electrons and protons fromwater.
SYNERGISTIC WIND FARM DESIGN INSPIRED BY SCHOOLING FISH Innovation Details. Inspired by the way fish can reduce the energetic loss by swimming in a school, vertical axis wind turbines are placed close together so that individual turbines can capture downstream airflow produced by neighboring turbines. This reduces the total area needed for the turbines while increasing energy output by up to10-fold.
REVERSIBLE SMART GLUE INSPIRED BY MUSSELS Innovation Details. The underwater smart glue uses an electrical current to turn off the adhesion of a catechol-containing material. Catechol is a synthetic protein that is able to bind to wet surfaces and mimics the protein that mussels use to attach to rocks underwater. The use of electrical currents to deactivate the adhesion means the process could one day be controlled with the press of a PASSIVELY COOLED BUILDING INSPIRED BY TERMITE MOUNDS The $35 million building saved 10% on costs up-front by not purchasing an air-conditioning system. Rents are less expensive in this building compared to nearby buildings because of the savings in energy costs. At the time of the building’s design, researchers had proposed that termite mounds maintained stable internal climates by having a DURABLE, WATERPROOF FABRIC INSPIRED BY MAMMAL FUR The Nikwax Analogy® system has an inner layer, called the pump liner, which mimics the action of animal fur by pushing water outwards to protect from rain, condensation and perspiration, while also providing insulation. The pump liner is covered by a durable densely woven outer layer, which provides windproofing and deflects rain. LARGE EARS HELP COOL THE BODY The Strategy. The jackrabbit’s large ears provide an expansive surface area of exposed skin loaded with blood vessels. When the surrounding air temperature is slightly below the rabbit’s body temperature, as when it retreats from hot desert sun into shade, the blood vessels in the outer part of its ears widen in a process calledvasodilation.
LEAVES FOLD IN RESPONSE TO TOUCH Each leaf of the Mimosa is a collection of small leaflets growing off of a midrib, usually with around 15 to 20 pairs of leaflets along each midrib. The angle between the midrib and the vein of each leaflet ranges from 25° to 85°. When the leaflets fold in response to touch, this angle decreases to between 15° to 25°. HOW PLANTS TRANSFORM SUNLIGHT INTO FOOD Transform Chemical Energy. Life’s chemistry runs on the transformation of energy stored in chemical bonds. For example, glucose is a major energy storage molecule in living systems because the oxidative breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and waterreleases energy.
THE TOUGHEST NUTS TO CRACK Flowering Plants. Clade Angiosperms (“receptacle seed”): Dandelions, oaks, grasses, cacti, apples. With 416 families containing some 300,000 known species, angiosperms are the most diverse group of plants, and they can be found around the globe in a wide variety ofhabitats.
FLEXIBLE FASTENER INSPIRED BY MUSHROOMS Innovation Details. The researchers used 3D printing to create fasteners with a mushroom design. The fasteners have half-spherical tops and a small stem made out of flexible materials. The half-sphere provides sufficient interlocking force on fabrics to stay connected without hooking on. The material safely connects to a variety oftextiles
INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURE JOURNAL Students studying biomimicry should be encouraged to keep a notebook or nature journal to capture their observations, questions, and ideas as they explore the natural world and connect what they see and learn to possible design solutions. Introduction to the Nature Journal includes two classroom activities that provide a great introduction to the practice of making observations and keeping a PROTEIN TURNS SUNLIGHT INTO VIVID COLOR The Strategy. Behind this ability are extremely long molecules known as fluorescent protein s that are folded into a shape that looks a little like a plate of spaghetti, with two tubelike sections, called beta barrels, sitting on top of it. Inside each of the beta barrels is a special stretch of protein called a chromophore. The chromophore’s unique configuration allows it to absorb a photon STRONG, DURABLE COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY INSPIRED BY THE Helicoid™ Technology mimics the ‘helicoid’ structure found in the incredibly strong and lightweight mantis shrimp club. By incorporating this design into composite materials, companies can create products with reduced weight, increased strength, increased toughness, and improved impact resistance, all while reducing materialcosts.
SHELL GROWS BY ADDING CHAMBERS Every 150 days or so, a nautilus forms a membrane at its tail end that separates almost all of its body from the older portion of the shell. The one exception is a tube-shaped appendage called a siphuncle that extends back through the previously constructed chambers. When first formed, a chamber is filled with fluid. COLORFUL TEXTILES INSPIRED BY PROTEINS FOUND IN DISCOSOMA Ray of Hope Prize. The Ray of Hope Prize® celebrates nature-inspired solutions addressing the world’s biggest environmental and sustainability challenges. Created in honor of Ray C. Anderson, founder of Interface, Inc. and a business and sustainability leader, the $100,000 Ray of Hope Prize helps startups cross a critical threshold in becoming viable businesses by amplifying their stories HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE IS SPACE-EFFICIENT AND STRONG And space-efficiency isn’t the only benefit of building with hexagons. Stacked together, hexagons fill spans in an offset arrangement with six short walls around each “tube,” giving structures a high compression strength. Beehives also dissipate heat DUST-REPELLENT COATING FOR SPACECRAFT INSPIRED BY THE Innovation Details. The coating is made from silica, zinc oxide and other oxides, and was originally developed to reduce the need for window cleaning on spacecraft. It is now being developed and tested to perform under multiple conditions, including extreme temperatures, ultraviolet radiation, solar wind, and electrostatic charging. INNOVATION INSPIRED BY NATURE Whether you're building tools for underwater communication or finding new ways to map the cosmos, nature is rife with practical inspiration for the project at hand. Ask Nature's innovation database makes it easy to explore a variety of products and design solutions inspired byABOUT — ASKNATURE
“When we Ask Nature, first we quiet our human cleverness. Then we ask, and then we listen. The answer is the echo that bounces off of the land herself. With the solution in hand, we always end the circle by saying thank you.” ––Janine Benyus HIGH SPEED TRAIN INSPIRED BY THE KINGFISHER The Challenge. The Shinkansen bullet train travels along high-speed railways throughout Japan at speeds of 240–320 km/hr (150–200 mph), carrying millions of passengers every year. However, when it was first designed, the high speeds caused an atmospheric pressure wave to build up in front of the train. When it would travel through tunnels FLEXIBLE FASTENER INSPIRED BY MUSHROOMS Innovation Details. The researchers used 3D printing to create fasteners with a mushroom design. The fasteners have half-spherical tops and a small stem made out of flexible materials. The half-sphere provides sufficient interlocking force on fabrics to stay connected without hooking on. The material safely connects to a variety oftextiles
PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEM INSPIRED BY CAMELS Innovation Details. The cooling system is made of two layers. The inner layer is made of a hydrogel, from which water can readily evaporate, similar to sweat glands. The outer layer is an aerogel, which keeps out external heat, but allows the water vapor to pass through, similar to camel fur. The water vapor has a cooling effect asit increases
ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY SOLAR CELLS INSPIRED BY Biomimicry Story. Photosynthesis is essential for life on Earth. It is the process by which plants produce energy and oxygen using just sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis in plants converts solar energy into chemical energy using electrons and protons fromwater.
SYNERGISTIC WIND FARM DESIGN INSPIRED BY SCHOOLING FISH Innovation Details. Inspired by the way fish can reduce the energetic loss by swimming in a school, vertical axis wind turbines are placed close together so that individual turbines can capture downstream airflow produced by neighboring turbines. This reduces the total area needed for the turbines while increasing energy output by up to10-fold.
REVERSIBLE SMART GLUE INSPIRED BY MUSSELS Innovation Details. The underwater smart glue uses an electrical current to turn off the adhesion of a catechol-containing material. Catechol is a synthetic protein that is able to bind to wet surfaces and mimics the protein that mussels use to attach to rocks underwater. The use of electrical currents to deactivate the adhesion means the process could one day be controlled with the press of a PASSIVELY COOLED BUILDING INSPIRED BY TERMITE MOUNDS The $35 million building saved 10% on costs up-front by not purchasing an air-conditioning system. Rents are less expensive in this building compared to nearby buildings because of the savings in energy costs. At the time of the building’s design, researchers had proposed that termite mounds maintained stable internal climates by having a LIMONENE FROM MARIGOLDS REPELS WHITEFLIES Recently, scientists confirmed that whitefly populations were smaller when tomatoes were planted with marigold flowers. They’ve identified that limonene, a chemical substance found in marigolds, is the substance that repels whiteflies. Limonene belongs to a group of chemical substances called volatile plant compounds (VPCs). INNOVATION INSPIRED BY NATURE Whether you're building tools for underwater communication or finding new ways to map the cosmos, nature is rife with practical inspiration for the project at hand. Ask Nature's innovation database makes it easy to explore a variety of products and design solutions inspired byABOUT — ASKNATURE
“When we Ask Nature, first we quiet our human cleverness. Then we ask, and then we listen. The answer is the echo that bounces off of the land herself. With the solution in hand, we always end the circle by saying thank you.” ––Janine Benyus HIGH SPEED TRAIN INSPIRED BY THE KINGFISHER The Challenge. The Shinkansen bullet train travels along high-speed railways throughout Japan at speeds of 240–320 km/hr (150–200 mph), carrying millions of passengers every year. However, when it was first designed, the high speeds caused an atmospheric pressure wave to build up in front of the train. When it would travel through tunnels FLEXIBLE FASTENER INSPIRED BY MUSHROOMS Innovation Details. The researchers used 3D printing to create fasteners with a mushroom design. The fasteners have half-spherical tops and a small stem made out of flexible materials. The half-sphere provides sufficient interlocking force on fabrics to stay connected without hooking on. The material safely connects to a variety oftextiles
PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEM INSPIRED BY CAMELS Innovation Details. The cooling system is made of two layers. The inner layer is made of a hydrogel, from which water can readily evaporate, similar to sweat glands. The outer layer is an aerogel, which keeps out external heat, but allows the water vapor to pass through, similar to camel fur. The water vapor has a cooling effect asit increases
ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY SOLAR CELLS INSPIRED BY Biomimicry Story. Photosynthesis is essential for life on Earth. It is the process by which plants produce energy and oxygen using just sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis in plants converts solar energy into chemical energy using electrons and protons fromwater.
SYNERGISTIC WIND FARM DESIGN INSPIRED BY SCHOOLING FISH Innovation Details. Inspired by the way fish can reduce the energetic loss by swimming in a school, vertical axis wind turbines are placed close together so that individual turbines can capture downstream airflow produced by neighboring turbines. This reduces the total area needed for the turbines while increasing energy output by up to10-fold.
REVERSIBLE SMART GLUE INSPIRED BY MUSSELS Innovation Details. The underwater smart glue uses an electrical current to turn off the adhesion of a catechol-containing material. Catechol is a synthetic protein that is able to bind to wet surfaces and mimics the protein that mussels use to attach to rocks underwater. The use of electrical currents to deactivate the adhesion means the process could one day be controlled with the press of a PASSIVELY COOLED BUILDING INSPIRED BY TERMITE MOUNDS The $35 million building saved 10% on costs up-front by not purchasing an air-conditioning system. Rents are less expensive in this building compared to nearby buildings because of the savings in energy costs. At the time of the building’s design, researchers had proposed that termite mounds maintained stable internal climates by having a LIMONENE FROM MARIGOLDS REPELS WHITEFLIES Recently, scientists confirmed that whitefly populations were smaller when tomatoes were planted with marigold flowers. They’ve identified that limonene, a chemical substance found in marigolds, is the substance that repels whiteflies. Limonene belongs to a group of chemical substances called volatile plant compounds (VPCs). HOW PLANTS TRANSFORM SUNLIGHT INTO FOOD Transform Chemical Energy. Life’s chemistry runs on the transformation of energy stored in chemical bonds. For example, glucose is a major energy storage molecule in living systems because the oxidative breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and waterreleases energy.
HIGH SPEED TRAIN INSPIRED BY THE KINGFISHER The Challenge. The Shinkansen bullet train travels along high-speed railways throughout Japan at speeds of 240–320 km/hr (150–200 mph), carrying millions of passengers every year. However, when it was first designed, the high speeds caused an atmospheric pressure wave to build up in front of the train. When it would travel through tunnels THE TOUGHEST NUTS TO CRACK Flowering Plants. Clade Angiosperms (“receptacle seed”): Dandelions, oaks, grasses, cacti, apples. With 416 families containing some 300,000 known species, angiosperms are the most diverse group of plants, and they can be found around the globe in a wide variety ofhabitats.
DIVERSE FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS INSPIRED BY YEAST AND Innovation Details. The living material, called Syn-SCOBY, is made from a mixture of bacteria and yeast. The yeast strain is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a common laboratory strain.The bacteria is Komagataeibacter rhaeticus, which was isolated from a kombucha mother.It is known to produce large quantities of cellulose, which serves as a tough and resilient scaffold for the living material. ENERGY EFFICIENT VORTEX GENERATOR INSPIRED BY TROUT Vortex Process Technology (VPT) has a unique shape that causes water to quickly swirl down an ever-tightening coil of channels, inspired by the way trout catch food in flowing water. This forces contaminants and/or air bubbles (depending on the application) into a column in the center of the swirling water. At the end of the process a vacuum INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURE JOURNAL Students studying biomimicry should be encouraged to keep a notebook or nature journal to capture their observations, questions, and ideas as they explore the natural world and connect what they see and learn to possible design solutions. Introduction to the Nature Journal includes two classroom activities that provide a great introduction to the practice of making observations and keeping a FLOWERS DECEPTIVELY MIMIC FUNGI Aristolochia arborea is a small tree native to the moist mountainsides of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico.There are 500 or so species of Aristolochia, with most species either found in the tropics or subtropics.Only a few are shrub or tree-like. Aristolochia arborea is special because it produces flowers close to or directly on the forest floor. . In addition, at the center of the flower is THE BEETLES THAT DRINK WATER FROM AIR The Strategy. Several researchers are studying the beetles, as well as synthetic surfaces inspired by the beetle’s body, to uncover the roles that structure, chemistry, and behavior play in capturing water from the air. Micro-sized grooves or bumps on the beetle’s hardened forewings can help condense and direct water toward the beetle’s HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE IS SPACE-EFFICIENT AND STRONG And space-efficiency isn’t the only benefit of building with hexagons. Stacked together, hexagons fill spans in an offset arrangement with six short walls around each “tube,” giving structures a high compression strength. Beehives also dissipate heat PLANT SPECIES DIVERSITY CREATES LONG-TERM STABILITY Diverse plant species in prairie grasslands support a long‑term, stable ecosystem because they exhibit complementary functionality. An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. A healthy ecosystem includes multiple species that serve similar s or roles – for example, more than one species INNOVATION INSPIRED BY NATURE Nature is more than the sum of its parts. Explore the connections between individual biological strategies, innovations, or educational resources as leading thinkers, scientists, artists, and others reflect on unifying themes in biomimicry. SYNERGISTIC WIND FARM DESIGN INSPIRED BY SCHOOLING FISH Manage Turbulence. A turbulent force occurs when air or water creates a chaotic or irregular motion. The source can be such things as wind, waves, and eddies caused by obstructions to air or water flow (such as that created by a rock in a stream). PASSIVELY COOLED BUILDING INSPIRED BY TERMITE MOUNDS Innovation Details. The Eastgate Centre is a shopping center and office building located in Harare, Zimbabwe. Rather than using a traditional fuel-based air-conditioning system to regulate temperature within the building, the Eastgate Centre is designed to exploit more passive and energy-efficient mechanisms of climate control. INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURE JOURNAL Students studying biomimicry should be encouraged to keep a notebook or nature journal to capture their observations, questions, and ideas as they explore the natural world and connect what they see and learn to possible design solutions. Introduction to the Nature Journal includes two classroom activities that provide a great introduction to the practice of making observations and keeping a HOW DOES NATURE ENCOURAGE RESILIENCE? Some of the harshest challenges all organisms face are the ones that just keep coming back. However, recurring threats can elicit unique responses that actually build strength, allowing organisms to shift from mere survival to prosperity in the face of ongoing struggles. DUST-REPELLENT COATING FOR SPACECRAFT INSPIRED BY THE Protect From Nuclear Radiation. Nuclear radiation is a threat that some living systems can survive. Most survival strategies help living systems survive other kinds of extreme threats, although in situations where there has been human‑caused exposure to nuclear radiation, some quickly reproducing organisms (such as bacteria) might developnew strategies.
FLOWERS DECEPTIVELY MIMIC FUNGI Aristolochia arborea is a small tree native to the moist mountainsides of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico.There are 500 or so species of Aristolochia, with most species either found in the tropics or subtropics.Only a few are shrub or tree-like. Aristolochia arborea is special because it produces flowers close to or directly on the forest floor. . In addition, at the center of the flower is RECEPTORS GUIDE BACTERIAL NAVIGATION Sense Chemicals (Odor, Taste, etc.) From the Environment. Chemicals are important for signaling and communication among living systems, either intentionally (such as when two living systems try to find one another) or unintentionally (such as when a plant emits a chemical signal that an herbivore can use to find a tasty bite). HOW BUBBLES SUPER-POWER THE MANTIS SHRIMP’S PUNCH The Strategy. The raptorial appendage is divided into four segments: the merus (closest to the body), carpus, propodus, and dactyl. The shape of the dactyl differentiates the shrimp as a spearer, smasher, or undifferentiated species. LIMONENE FROM MARIGOLDS REPELS WHITEFLIES Cooperate Within an Ecosystem. An ecosystem is a community of organisms (plants, animals, and microbes) interacting with one another and the nonliving components of their environment (such as air, water,and mineral soil).
INNOVATION INSPIRED BY NATURE Nature is more than the sum of its parts. Explore the connections between individual biological strategies, innovations, or educational resources as leading thinkers, scientists, artists, and others reflect on unifying themes in biomimicry. SYNERGISTIC WIND FARM DESIGN INSPIRED BY SCHOOLING FISH Manage Turbulence. A turbulent force occurs when air or water creates a chaotic or irregular motion. The source can be such things as wind, waves, and eddies caused by obstructions to air or water flow (such as that created by a rock in a stream). PASSIVELY COOLED BUILDING INSPIRED BY TERMITE MOUNDS Innovation Details. The Eastgate Centre is a shopping center and office building located in Harare, Zimbabwe. Rather than using a traditional fuel-based air-conditioning system to regulate temperature within the building, the Eastgate Centre is designed to exploit more passive and energy-efficient mechanisms of climate control. INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURE JOURNAL Students studying biomimicry should be encouraged to keep a notebook or nature journal to capture their observations, questions, and ideas as they explore the natural world and connect what they see and learn to possible design solutions. Introduction to the Nature Journal includes two classroom activities that provide a great introduction to the practice of making observations and keeping a HOW DOES NATURE ENCOURAGE RESILIENCE? Some of the harshest challenges all organisms face are the ones that just keep coming back. However, recurring threats can elicit unique responses that actually build strength, allowing organisms to shift from mere survival to prosperity in the face of ongoing struggles. DUST-REPELLENT COATING FOR SPACECRAFT INSPIRED BY THE Protect From Nuclear Radiation. Nuclear radiation is a threat that some living systems can survive. Most survival strategies help living systems survive other kinds of extreme threats, although in situations where there has been human‑caused exposure to nuclear radiation, some quickly reproducing organisms (such as bacteria) might developnew strategies.
FLOWERS DECEPTIVELY MIMIC FUNGI Aristolochia arborea is a small tree native to the moist mountainsides of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico.There are 500 or so species of Aristolochia, with most species either found in the tropics or subtropics.Only a few are shrub or tree-like. Aristolochia arborea is special because it produces flowers close to or directly on the forest floor. . In addition, at the center of the flower is RECEPTORS GUIDE BACTERIAL NAVIGATION Sense Chemicals (Odor, Taste, etc.) From the Environment. Chemicals are important for signaling and communication among living systems, either intentionally (such as when two living systems try to find one another) or unintentionally (such as when a plant emits a chemical signal that an herbivore can use to find a tasty bite). HOW BUBBLES SUPER-POWER THE MANTIS SHRIMP’S PUNCH The Strategy. The raptorial appendage is divided into four segments: the merus (closest to the body), carpus, propodus, and dactyl. The shape of the dactyl differentiates the shrimp as a spearer, smasher, or undifferentiated species. LIMONENE FROM MARIGOLDS REPELS WHITEFLIES Cooperate Within an Ecosystem. An ecosystem is a community of organisms (plants, animals, and microbes) interacting with one another and the nonliving components of their environment (such as air, water,and mineral soil).
ABOUT — ASKNATURE
What are the 3 essential elements to Asking Nature? This practice involves three interdependent elements: (Re)Connect: The increasing awareness that humans, individually and as a species, are part of nature, not separate from it, through a deepening connection that honors the reciprocal relationship between all living beings. Emulate: The scientific, research-based practice of learning from HOW PLANTS TRANSFORM SUNLIGHT INTO FOOD Transform Chemical Energy. Life’s chemistry runs on the transformation of energy stored in chemical bonds. For example, glucose is a major energy storage molecule in living systems because the oxidative breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and waterreleases energy.
THE TOUGHEST NUTS TO CRACK Flowering Plants. Clade Angiosperms (“receptacle seed”): Dandelions, oaks, grasses, cacti, apples. With 416 families containing some 300,000 known species, angiosperms are the most diverse group of plants, and they can be found around the globe in a wide variety ofhabitats.
HIGH SPEED TRAIN INSPIRED BY THE KINGFISHER The Challenge. The Shinkansen bullet train travels along high-speed railways throughout Japan at speeds of 240–320 km/hr (150–200 mph), carrying millions of passengers every year. LEAVES FOLD IN RESPONSE TO TOUCH The Strategy. The leaves of the Mimosa achieve this rapid folding by a change in turgor pressure. Turgor pressure is the amount of water pressure in the cell that is RECEPTORS GUIDE BACTERIAL NAVIGATION Sense Chemicals (Odor, Taste, etc.) From the Environment. Chemicals are important for signaling and communication among living systems, either intentionally (such as when two living systems try to find one another) or unintentionally (such as when a plant emits a chemical signal that an herbivore can use to find a tasty bite). LARGE EARS HELP COOL THE BODY The Strategy. The jackrabbit’s large ears provide an expansive surface area of exposed skin loaded with blood vessels. When the surrounding air temperature is slightly below the rabbit’s body temperature, as when it retreats from hot desert sun into shade, the blood vessels in the outer part of its ears widen in a process calledvasodilation.
THE BEETLES THAT DRINK WATER FROM AIR The Strategy. Several researchers are studying the beetles, as well as synthetic surfaces inspired by the beetle’s body, to uncover the roles that structure, chemistry, and behavior play in capturing waterfrom the air.
LEAVES PROTECT FROM THE ELEMENTS The leaves of conifers protect from drought, snow and cold by employing unique design elements, including a needle shape, thick waxy rinds, and pores set in deep grooves in the needles. IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BATS HELPS PREVENT INFLAMMATION RESPONSE The Strategy. An animal’s immune system recognizes potentially harmful foreign matter like viruses and bacteria when they enter the body. It also clears the remnants of cells that die and break down in the normal course of living. INNOVATION INSPIRED BY NATURE Whether you're building tools for underwater communication or finding new ways to map the cosmos, nature is rife with practical inspiration for the project at hand. Ask Nature's innovation database makes it easy to explore a variety of products and design solutions inspired byABOUT — ASKNATURE
“When we Ask Nature, first we quiet our human cleverness. Then we ask, and then we listen. The answer is the echo that bounces off of the land herself. With the solution in hand, we always end the circle by saying thank you.” ––Janine Benyus HOW DOES NATURE ENCOURAGE RESILIENCE? Explore some of the many ways nature develops resilience in individuals, communities, and whole ecosystems in the collection below. You’ll see physical defenses built up at the micro and macro levels, small groups that defend larger populations, and protected reserves that can weather the storm and repopulate devastated areas. PASSIVELY COOLED BUILDING INSPIRED BY TERMITE MOUNDS The $35 million building saved 10% on costs up-front by not purchasing an air-conditioning system. Rents are less expensive in this building compared to nearby buildings because of the savings in energy costs. At the time of the building’s design, researchers had proposed that termite mounds maintained stable internal climates by having a DUST-REPELLENT COATING FOR SPACECRAFT INSPIRED BY THE Innovation Details. The coating is made from silica, zinc oxide and other oxides, and was originally developed to reduce the need for window cleaning on spacecraft. It is now being developed and tested to perform under multiple conditions, including extreme temperatures, ultraviolet radiation, solar wind, and electrostatic charging. SYNERGISTIC WIND FARM DESIGN INSPIRED BY SCHOOLING FISH Innovation Details. Inspired by the way fish can reduce the energetic loss by swimming in a school, vertical axis wind turbines are placed close together so that individual turbines can capture downstream airflow produced by neighboring turbines. This reduces the total area needed for the turbines while increasing energy output by up to10-fold.
FLOWERS DECEPTIVELY MIMIC FUNGI Aristolochia arborea is a small tree native to the moist mountainsides of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico.There are 500 or so species of Aristolochia, with most species either found in the tropics or subtropics.Only a few are shrub or tree-like. Aristolochia arborea is special because it produces flowers close to or directly on the forest floor. . In addition, at the center of the flower is HOW BUBBLES SUPER-POWER THE MANTIS SHRIMP’S PUNCHTHE PEACOCK MANTISSHRIMP
Under the right conditions, this produces a cavity or bubble in which the pressure is so low that the water vaporizes. When the bubbles collapse under higher surrounding pressures, they emit energy in the form of sound, light, and heat waves. The whole process occurs in a matter of milliseconds. LEAVES FOLD IN RESPONSE TO TOUCH Each leaf of the Mimosa is a collection of small leaflets growing off of a midrib, usually with around 15 to 20 pairs of leaflets along each midrib. The angle between the midrib and the vein of each leaflet ranges from 25° to 85°. When the leaflets fold in response to touch, this angle decreases to between 15° to 25°. LIMONENE FROM MARIGOLDS REPELS WHITEFLIES Recently, scientists confirmed that whitefly populations were smaller when tomatoes were planted with marigold flowers. They’ve identified that limonene, a chemical substance found in marigolds, is the substance that repels whiteflies. Limonene belongs to a group of chemical substances called volatile plant compounds (VPCs). INNOVATION INSPIRED BY NATURE Whether you're building tools for underwater communication or finding new ways to map the cosmos, nature is rife with practical inspiration for the project at hand. Ask Nature's innovation database makes it easy to explore a variety of products and design solutions inspired byABOUT — ASKNATURE
“When we Ask Nature, first we quiet our human cleverness. Then we ask, and then we listen. The answer is the echo that bounces off of the land herself. With the solution in hand, we always end the circle by saying thank you.” ––Janine Benyus HOW DOES NATURE ENCOURAGE RESILIENCE? Explore some of the many ways nature develops resilience in individuals, communities, and whole ecosystems in the collection below. You’ll see physical defenses built up at the micro and macro levels, small groups that defend larger populations, and protected reserves that can weather the storm and repopulate devastated areas. PASSIVELY COOLED BUILDING INSPIRED BY TERMITE MOUNDS The $35 million building saved 10% on costs up-front by not purchasing an air-conditioning system. Rents are less expensive in this building compared to nearby buildings because of the savings in energy costs. At the time of the building’s design, researchers had proposed that termite mounds maintained stable internal climates by having a DUST-REPELLENT COATING FOR SPACECRAFT INSPIRED BY THE Innovation Details. The coating is made from silica, zinc oxide and other oxides, and was originally developed to reduce the need for window cleaning on spacecraft. It is now being developed and tested to perform under multiple conditions, including extreme temperatures, ultraviolet radiation, solar wind, and electrostatic charging. SYNERGISTIC WIND FARM DESIGN INSPIRED BY SCHOOLING FISH Innovation Details. Inspired by the way fish can reduce the energetic loss by swimming in a school, vertical axis wind turbines are placed close together so that individual turbines can capture downstream airflow produced by neighboring turbines. This reduces the total area needed for the turbines while increasing energy output by up to10-fold.
FLOWERS DECEPTIVELY MIMIC FUNGI Aristolochia arborea is a small tree native to the moist mountainsides of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico.There are 500 or so species of Aristolochia, with most species either found in the tropics or subtropics.Only a few are shrub or tree-like. Aristolochia arborea is special because it produces flowers close to or directly on the forest floor. . In addition, at the center of the flower is HOW BUBBLES SUPER-POWER THE MANTIS SHRIMP’S PUNCHTHE PEACOCK MANTISSHRIMP
Under the right conditions, this produces a cavity or bubble in which the pressure is so low that the water vaporizes. When the bubbles collapse under higher surrounding pressures, they emit energy in the form of sound, light, and heat waves. The whole process occurs in a matter of milliseconds. LEAVES FOLD IN RESPONSE TO TOUCH Each leaf of the Mimosa is a collection of small leaflets growing off of a midrib, usually with around 15 to 20 pairs of leaflets along each midrib. The angle between the midrib and the vein of each leaflet ranges from 25° to 85°. When the leaflets fold in response to touch, this angle decreases to between 15° to 25°. LIMONENE FROM MARIGOLDS REPELS WHITEFLIES Recently, scientists confirmed that whitefly populations were smaller when tomatoes were planted with marigold flowers. They’ve identified that limonene, a chemical substance found in marigolds, is the substance that repels whiteflies. Limonene belongs to a group of chemical substances called volatile plant compounds (VPCs). MICROSTRUCTURES PRODUCE IRIDESCENT COLORS right arrow. “To summarize, hummingbird iridescence is due to interference colors. produced by a stack of about three films whose optical thickness is. one-half the peak wave length. Each film is a mosaic of platelets of. elliptical form. Each platelet THE BEETLES THAT DRINK WATER FROM AIR The Strategy. Several researchers are studying the beetles, as well as synthetic surfaces inspired by the beetle’s body, to uncover the roles that structure, chemistry, and behavior play in capturing water from the air. Micro-sized grooves or bumps on the beetle’s hardened forewings can help condense and direct water toward the beetle’s ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY SOLAR CELLS INSPIRED BY Biomimicry Story. Photosynthesis is essential for life on Earth. It is the process by which plants produce energy and oxygen using just sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis in plants converts solar energy into chemical energy using electrons and protons fromwater.
FLEXIBLE FASTENER INSPIRED BY MUSHROOMS Innovation Details. The researchers used 3D printing to create fasteners with a mushroom design. The fasteners have half-spherical tops and a small stem made out of flexible materials. The half-sphere provides sufficient interlocking force on fabrics to stay connected without hooking on. The material safely connects to a variety oftextiles
SURFACE ALLOWS SELF-CLEANING Surface finishes inspired by the self-cleaning mechanism of lotus plants and other organisms (e.g., many large-winged insects) have now been applied to paints, glass, textiles, and more, reducing the need for chemical detergents and costly labor. This summary was contributedby
SHELL GROWS BY ADDING CHAMBERS Every 150 days or so, a nautilus forms a membrane at its tail end that separates almost all of its body from the older portion of the shell. The one exception is a tube-shaped appendage called a siphuncle that extends back through the previously constructed chambers. When first formed, a chamber is filled with fluid. DESIGN INSPIRED BY NATURE: REVERSE ENGINEERING Reverse engineering is the process of discovering the technical principles of an object by taking it apart and carefully studying its different parts. Besides inspiring new designs, studying the components of the flower will also help us better understand how the flower functions as a whole. NASAL SURFACES REMOVE WATER VAPOR The nasal surfaces of camels help conserve water by using hygroscopic properties to remove water from air during exhalation. When the dromedary camel gets dehydrated in its hot and arid environment, its nasal surfaces help the animal conserve water using two mechanisms: by cooling exhaled air during the night, and by extracting water vaporfrom
TENDONS STORE ENERGY The legs of the bushbaby allow it to jump twelve times its body length by storing energy in tendons. These agile creatures can leap swiftly between the branches of trees in woodland and savannah regions of Africa south of the Sahara and on nearby islands. They are small (18 cm/7 in.) primates with thick, wooly fur and large eyes. PLANT SPECIES DIVERSITY CREATES LONG-TERM STABILITY Diverse plant species in prairie grasslands support a long‑term, stable ecosystem because they exhibit complementary functionality. An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. A healthy ecosystem includes multiple species that serve similar s or roles – for example, more than one species INNOVATION INSPIRED BY NATURE Nature is more than the sum of its parts. Explore the connections between individual biological strategies, innovations, or educational resources as leading thinkers, scientists, artists, and others reflect on unifying themes in biomimicry.ABOUT — ASKNATURE
“When we Ask Nature, first we quiet our human cleverness. Then we ask, and then we listen. The answer is the echo that bounces off of the land herself. With the solution in hand, we always end the circle by saying thank you.” ––Janine Benyus PASSIVELY COOLED BUILDING INSPIRED BY TERMITE MOUNDS Innovation Details. The Eastgate Centre is a shopping center and office building located in Harare, Zimbabwe. Rather than using a traditional fuel-based air-conditioning system to regulate temperature within the building, the Eastgate Centre is designed to exploit more passive and energy-efficient mechanisms of climate control. HOW DOES NATURE ENCOURAGE RESILIENCE? Some of the harshest challenges all organisms face are the ones that just keep coming back. However, recurring threats can elicit unique responses that actually build strength, allowing organisms to shift from mere survival to prosperity in the face of ongoing struggles. DUST-REPELLENT COATING FOR SPACECRAFT INSPIRED BY THE Protect From Nuclear Radiation. Nuclear radiation is a threat that some living systems can survive. Most survival strategies help living systems survive other kinds of extreme threats, although in situations where there has been human‑caused exposure to nuclear radiation, some quickly reproducing organisms (such as bacteria) might developnew strategies.
FLOWERS DECEPTIVELY MIMIC FUNGI Aristolochia arborea is a small tree native to the moist mountainsides of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico.There are 500 or so species of Aristolochia, with most species either found in the tropics or subtropics.Only a few are shrub or tree-like. Aristolochia arborea is special because it produces flowers close to or directly on the forest floor. . In addition, at the center of the flower is SYNERGISTIC WIND FARM DESIGN INSPIRED BY SCHOOLING FISH Manage Turbulence. A turbulent force occurs when air or water creates a chaotic or irregular motion. The source can be such things as wind, waves, and eddies caused by obstructions to air or water flow (such as that created by a rock in a stream). LEAVES FOLD IN RESPONSE TO TOUCH The Strategy. The leaves of the Mimosa achieve this rapid folding by a change in turgor pressure. Turgor pressure is the amount of water pressure in the cell that is HOW BUBBLES SUPER-POWER THE MANTIS SHRIMP’S PUNCHTHE PEACOCK MANTISSHRIMP
The Strategy. The raptorial appendage is divided into four segments: the merus (closest to the body), carpus, propodus, and dactyl. The shape of the dactyl differentiates the shrimp as a spearer, smasher, or undifferentiated species. LIMONENE FROM MARIGOLDS REPELS WHITEFLIES Cooperate Within an Ecosystem. An ecosystem is a community of organisms (plants, animals, and microbes) interacting with one another and the nonliving components of their environment (such as air, water,and mineral soil).
INNOVATION INSPIRED BY NATURE Nature is more than the sum of its parts. Explore the connections between individual biological strategies, innovations, or educational resources as leading thinkers, scientists, artists, and others reflect on unifying themes in biomimicry.ABOUT — ASKNATURE
“When we Ask Nature, first we quiet our human cleverness. Then we ask, and then we listen. The answer is the echo that bounces off of the land herself. With the solution in hand, we always end the circle by saying thank you.” ––Janine Benyus PASSIVELY COOLED BUILDING INSPIRED BY TERMITE MOUNDS Innovation Details. The Eastgate Centre is a shopping center and office building located in Harare, Zimbabwe. Rather than using a traditional fuel-based air-conditioning system to regulate temperature within the building, the Eastgate Centre is designed to exploit more passive and energy-efficient mechanisms of climate control. HOW DOES NATURE ENCOURAGE RESILIENCE? Some of the harshest challenges all organisms face are the ones that just keep coming back. However, recurring threats can elicit unique responses that actually build strength, allowing organisms to shift from mere survival to prosperity in the face of ongoing struggles. DUST-REPELLENT COATING FOR SPACECRAFT INSPIRED BY THE Protect From Nuclear Radiation. Nuclear radiation is a threat that some living systems can survive. Most survival strategies help living systems survive other kinds of extreme threats, although in situations where there has been human‑caused exposure to nuclear radiation, some quickly reproducing organisms (such as bacteria) might developnew strategies.
FLOWERS DECEPTIVELY MIMIC FUNGI Aristolochia arborea is a small tree native to the moist mountainsides of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico.There are 500 or so species of Aristolochia, with most species either found in the tropics or subtropics.Only a few are shrub or tree-like. Aristolochia arborea is special because it produces flowers close to or directly on the forest floor. . In addition, at the center of the flower is SYNERGISTIC WIND FARM DESIGN INSPIRED BY SCHOOLING FISH Manage Turbulence. A turbulent force occurs when air or water creates a chaotic or irregular motion. The source can be such things as wind, waves, and eddies caused by obstructions to air or water flow (such as that created by a rock in a stream). LEAVES FOLD IN RESPONSE TO TOUCH The Strategy. The leaves of the Mimosa achieve this rapid folding by a change in turgor pressure. Turgor pressure is the amount of water pressure in the cell that is HOW BUBBLES SUPER-POWER THE MANTIS SHRIMP’S PUNCHTHE PEACOCK MANTISSHRIMP
The Strategy. The raptorial appendage is divided into four segments: the merus (closest to the body), carpus, propodus, and dactyl. The shape of the dactyl differentiates the shrimp as a spearer, smasher, or undifferentiated species. LIMONENE FROM MARIGOLDS REPELS WHITEFLIES Cooperate Within an Ecosystem. An ecosystem is a community of organisms (plants, animals, and microbes) interacting with one another and the nonliving components of their environment (such as air, water,and mineral soil).
DIVERSE FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS INSPIRED BY YEAST AND Innovation Details. The living material, called Syn-SCOBY, is made from a mixture of bacteria and yeast. The yeast strain is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a common laboratory strain.The bacteria is Komagataeibacter rhaeticus, which was isolated from a kombucha mother.It is known to produce large quantities of cellulose, which serves as a tough and resilient scaffold for the living material. THE BEETLES THAT DRINK WATER FROM AIR The Strategy. Several researchers are studying the beetles, as well as synthetic surfaces inspired by the beetle’s body, to uncover the roles that structure, chemistry, and behavior play in capturing waterfrom the air.
SURFACE ALLOWS SELF-CLEANING Introduction. Lotus plants (Nelumbo nucifera) stay dirt-free, an obvious advantage for an aquatic plant living in typically muddy habitats, and they do so without using detergent or expending energy.The plant’s cuticle, like that of other plants, is made up of soluble lipids embedded in a polyester matrix – wax – but the degree of its water repellency is extreme (superhydrophobic). ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY SOLAR CELLS INSPIRED BY The Challenge. Although solar energy is a progressive, sustainable approach to energy generation, the production of solar panels can generate toxic byproducts such as MICROSTRUCTURES PRODUCE IRIDESCENT COLORS Send Light Signals in the Visible Spectrum. The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can detect. Visible light can be thought of in two ways–light as illumination (such as that used by fireflies) and FLEXIBLE FASTENER INSPIRED BY MUSHROOMS Attach Temporarily. Living systems must sometimes, temporarily, stay in one place, climb or otherwise move around, or hold things together. This entails attaching temporarily with the ability to release, which minimizes energy and material use. DESIGN INSPIRED BY NATURE: REVERSE ENGINEERING Reverse engineering is the process of discovering the technical principles of an object by taking it apart and carefully studying its different components. SHELL GROWS BY ADDING CHAMBERS Optimize Shape/Materials. Resources are limited and the simple act of retaining them requires resources, especially energy. Living systems must constantly balance the value of resources obtained with the costs of resources expended; failure to do so can result in NASAL SURFACES REMOVE WATER VAPOR Capture, Absorb, or Filter Liquids. The most common liquid used by living systems is water, which they require to survive. But there are many other liquids that provide nourishment, play a role in defense mechanisms, or serve other purposes. PLANT SPECIES DIVERSITY CREATES LONG-TERM STABILITY An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. A healthy ecosystem includes multiple species that serve similar functions or roles – for example, more than one species that fertilizes the soil and more than one that controls the population of a certain predator.__
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