Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
More Annotations
A complete backup of www.veinsensor.pl
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of 131458934.keywordblocks.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of markkavanagh.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of azscers.000webhostapp.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of abc12.onesignal.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of sp-active.adsrvr.org
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of services.runescape.com-api.top
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of cb1.dev.rtb.owneriq.net
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
Favourite Annotations
A complete backup of https://friendseat.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of https://motoridays.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of https://electriccalifornia.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of https://uclan.ac.uk
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of https://craftbeerclub.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of https://oudersvannu.nl
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of https://facciabuco.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of https://clubautomation.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of https://jo1viq1g15.ga
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of https://lacda.org
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of https://latinpost.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of https://usta.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
Text
HOME
Learn everything about AC electric circuits and electronics, from the basics such as what sinusoids are, all the way to key characteristics of AC circuits such as impedance, admittance, power factor & complex power and power calculations. Ricardo Romero, PE. Enroll. €78.99€23.45.
LECTURE NOTES IN POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION The role of protection. Protection is the art or science of continuously monitoring the power system, detecting the presence of a fault and initiating the correct tripping of the circuit breaker. The objectives of power system protection are to limit the extent and duration of service interruption, whenever equipment failure, humanerror, or
TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF SUBSTATION DC SYSTEM 2. Battery Unit. Mandatory Condition: The battery set should have been properly charged as per the commissioning instructions of the battery manufacturer for the duration specified. Visual Inspection: Cleanliness of battery is checked and the electrolyte level checked as specified on the individual cells. The tightness of cell connections on individual terminals should be ensured. 13 VERY IMPORTANT TYPE TESTS OF A LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEARSEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM HANDBOOK FOR APPLICATION OF NEUTRAL EARTHING RESISTORS Handbook for application of neutral earthing resistors (NERs) at the substation. Refer to Figure 1 (a), (b), (c), (d). Where one NER serves all the transformers at the substation, the maximum 11 kV earth fault current is usually independent of the number of transformers and is determined largely by the NER value. MEDIUM VOLTAGE TECHNICAL GUIDE 6 I MV Technical uide schneiderelectriccom Presentation MV Networks The term "medium voltage" is commonly used for distribution systems with voltages above 1 kV and WHAT'S COMMON FOR BEER MUG AND POWER FACTOR? The total contents of your mug, KVA, is this summation of KW ( the beer ) and KVAR ( the foam ). So, now that we understand some basic terms, we are ready to learn about power factor: Power Factor (P.F.) is the ratio of Working Power to Apparent Power. Looking at our beer mug analogy above, power factor would be the ratio of beer ( KW) tobeer
NEUTRAL EARTHING SYSTEMS OF GENERATOR SETS (GENSETS) Neutral earthing systems of generator sets (gensets) (photo credit: cat.com) In general, generator sets have much lower short-circuit levels than transformers ( around 3×In instead of 20×In ). As a result, the tripping conditions required for protection against indirect contact cannot be provided by devices sized for operation onthe normal
JET PUMPS USED FOR PRIVATE WELL SYSTEMS OR LOW FLOW Typical Jet Pump Installations. The jet pump is a centrifugal pump with one or more impeller and diffuser with the addition of a jet ejector. A JET EJECTOR consists of a matched nozzle and venturi. The nozzle receives water at high pressure. As the water passes through the jet, water speed (velocity) is greatly increased, but the pressuredrops.
THE REAL TRUTH BEHIND HOUSEHOLD POWER SAVERS The main advantage of power savers is not that they provide a backup system in times of low current, but that it protects the household appliances. It is known that a sudden rise in the power can destroy the electrical appliance. Thus, the power saver notHOME
Learn everything about AC electric circuits and electronics, from the basics such as what sinusoids are, all the way to key characteristics of AC circuits such as impedance, admittance, power factor & complex power and power calculations. Ricardo Romero, PE. Enroll. €78.99€23.45.
LECTURE NOTES IN POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION The role of protection. Protection is the art or science of continuously monitoring the power system, detecting the presence of a fault and initiating the correct tripping of the circuit breaker. The objectives of power system protection are to limit the extent and duration of service interruption, whenever equipment failure, humanerror, or
TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF SUBSTATION DC SYSTEM 2. Battery Unit. Mandatory Condition: The battery set should have been properly charged as per the commissioning instructions of the battery manufacturer for the duration specified. Visual Inspection: Cleanliness of battery is checked and the electrolyte level checked as specified on the individual cells. The tightness of cell connections on individual terminals should be ensured. 13 VERY IMPORTANT TYPE TESTS OF A LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEARSEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM HANDBOOK FOR APPLICATION OF NEUTRAL EARTHING RESISTORS Handbook for application of neutral earthing resistors (NERs) at the substation. Refer to Figure 1 (a), (b), (c), (d). Where one NER serves all the transformers at the substation, the maximum 11 kV earth fault current is usually independent of the number of transformers and is determined largely by the NER value. MEDIUM VOLTAGE TECHNICAL GUIDE 6 I MV Technical uide schneiderelectriccom Presentation MV Networks The term "medium voltage" is commonly used for distribution systems with voltages above 1 kV and WHAT'S COMMON FOR BEER MUG AND POWER FACTOR? The total contents of your mug, KVA, is this summation of KW ( the beer ) and KVAR ( the foam ). So, now that we understand some basic terms, we are ready to learn about power factor: Power Factor (P.F.) is the ratio of Working Power to Apparent Power. Looking at our beer mug analogy above, power factor would be the ratio of beer ( KW) tobeer
NEUTRAL EARTHING SYSTEMS OF GENERATOR SETS (GENSETS) Neutral earthing systems of generator sets (gensets) (photo credit: cat.com) In general, generator sets have much lower short-circuit levels than transformers ( around 3×In instead of 20×In ). As a result, the tripping conditions required for protection against indirect contact cannot be provided by devices sized for operation onthe normal
JET PUMPS USED FOR PRIVATE WELL SYSTEMS OR LOW FLOW Typical Jet Pump Installations. The jet pump is a centrifugal pump with one or more impeller and diffuser with the addition of a jet ejector. A JET EJECTOR consists of a matched nozzle and venturi. The nozzle receives water at high pressure. As the water passes through the jet, water speed (velocity) is greatly increased, but the pressuredrops.
THE REAL TRUTH BEHIND HOUSEHOLD POWER SAVERS The main advantage of power savers is not that they provide a backup system in times of low current, but that it protects the household appliances. It is known that a sudden rise in the power can destroy the electrical appliance. Thus, the power saver notHOME
Learn everything about AC electric circuits and electronics, from the basics such as what sinusoids are, all the way to key characteristics of AC circuits such as impedance, admittance, power factor & complex power and power calculations. Ricardo Romero, PE. Enroll. €78.99€23.45.
SCHEMATICS AND DOCS NEEDED FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS OF Communication systems of electric utilities have become increasingly critical to electric system protection, operation, and maintenance. PARALLEL SWITCHING PHENOMENON WHEN MV/HV CIRCUIT BREAKERS What is the parallel switching? Parallel switching occurs when two or more circuit-breakers are tripped to interrupt a shared fault current. This is typically the case for such bus arrangements as a double breaker, breaker-and-a-half, breaker-and-a-third, and ring buses. YOU SEARCHED FOR DISTRIBUTION EARTH Low Voltage Distribution earthing systems in LV/MV networks (design instructions and precautions) The electrical earthing system is designed to provide safe and correct operation of the network under normal, earth fault, and transient conditions. AN OVERVIEW OF WYE AND DELTA SOLIDLY-GROUNDED SYSTEMS Solidly-grounded Wye System. The solidly-grounded system is the most common system arrangement, and one of the most versatile. The most commonly-used configuration is the solidly-grounded wye, because it will support single-phase phase-to neutral loads. The solidly-grounded wye system arrangement can be shown by considering the neutralterminal
COURSE TO RELAY CIRCUITRY AND UNDERSTANDING CONTROL AND Muhammad Kashif Shamshad is an Electrical Engineer and has more than 17 years of experience in operation & maintenance, erection, testing project management, consultancy, supervision, and commissioning of Power Plant, GIS, and AIS high voltage substations ranging up to 500 kV HVAC & ±660kV HVDC more than 10 years experience is with SiemensSaudi Arabia.
YOU SEARCHED FOR UNDERGROUND CABLE TRANSIENT Technical Guide/Paper Practice in analysis and mitigation of transients in LV/MV/HV electrical systems. Figure 1 shows seven modes of protection in three-phase, wye-grounded systems. YOU SEARCHED FOR DISTRIBUTION EARTH Technical Guide/Paper Design overview and analysis of 11/0.415 kV, 500 kVA power substation in Nigeria. The practical design of factors such as the location of protection, distribution distance to source on the low-voltage side, and other general factors will need to beconsidered.
YOU SEARCHED FOR DISTRIBUTION EARTH Low Voltage ♛ How to make calculation for a distribution substation 10/0.4 kV, 2×1600 kVA. Distribution substations with an installed power of 2×1600 kVA are a typical example of electrical power supply facilities which can be often seen all around Europe and wider. YOU SEARCHED FOR DISTRIBUTION EARTH Power Substation ♛ Reasons and duties for switching in power transmission and distribution systems. The purpose of a power system is to transport and distribute the electric energy generated in the power plants to the consumers in a safe and reliable way.HOME
Learn everything about AC electric circuits and electronics, from the basics such as what sinusoids are, all the way to key characteristics of AC circuits such as impedance, admittance, power factor & complex power and power calculations. Ricardo Romero, PE. Enroll. €78.99€23.45.
MEDIUM VOLTAGE DESIGN GUIDE Medium Voltage Technical Guide // Basics for MV cubicle design – Schneider Electric. Knowing the short-circuit power of the network allows us to choose the various parts of a switchboard which must withstand significant temperature rises and electrodynamic constraints. Knowing the voltage (kV) will allow us to define the dielectric withstand STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE TO DESIGN AND FUNCTIONAL BASICS OF Design and Function Basics of Electric Cars – Step By Step For Engineers. When the electric motor/generator is supplied with an electrical current, it works as a drive. Electric motors/generators used for propulsion are water-cooled. Air cooling would also be possible but complex due to space and the amount of heat generated. MEDIUM VOLTAGE TECHNICAL GUIDE 6 I MV Technical uide schneiderelectriccom Presentation MV Networks The term "medium voltage" is commonly used for distribution systems with voltages above 1 kV and TESTING PROCEDURES FOR HV VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS General visual inspection and compliance with the drawings and manuals. Check nameplate ratings and HV, LV terminal markings. Check that all parts of the transformer are properly assembled and tight. Check the HV connections are tight. Check the cable connections on the LV side and the markings. Check the oil levels and inspect forleakage.
HOW HARMONIC FILTERS PREVENT DISTORTIONS IN NETWORKS WITHSEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM PROTECTION COORDINATION PRACTICES IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMSSEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM PURPOSE OF DISCONNECT SWITCHES IN HV SUBSTATION Purpose of Disconnect Switches In HV Substation (on photo: Siemens Goab switch) In general, they consist of a conducting blade, hinged at one end, and a stationary contact on the other, both terminals mounted on suitable insulators that conform to the common insulator requirements of BIL coordination. Almost every major line or equipmentin a
MEGGERING (INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTING) OF DRY-TYPE Meggering (insulation resistance testing) of dry-type power transformer. The insulation resistance test ( meggering) is of value for future comparison and also for determining if the transformer is to be subjected to the applied voltage test.The winding insulation resistance test is a DC high voltage test used to determine thedryness of
THE REAL TRUTH BEHIND HOUSEHOLD POWER SAVERS The main advantage of power savers is not that they provide a backup system in times of low current, but that it protects the household appliances. It is known that a sudden rise in the power can destroy the electrical appliance. Thus, the power saver not HOW HARMONIC FILTERS PREVENT DISTORTIONS IN NETWORKS WITHSEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF SUBSTATION DC SYSTEM 2. Battery Unit. Mandatory Condition: The battery set should have been properly charged as per the commissioning instructions of the batterymanufacturer
MEDIUM VOLTAGE DESIGN GUIDE Medium Voltage Technical Guide // Basics for MV cubicle design – Schneider Electric. Knowing the short-circuit power of the network allows us to choose the various parts of a switchboard which must withstand significant temperature rises and electrodynamic constraints. Knowing the voltage (kV) will allow us to define the dielectric withstand COMPARISON OF MEDIUM VOLTAGE EARTHING SYSTEMS The various earthing systems in medium voltage systems are different in the way they operate and each has its advantagesand disadvantages, which we shall now consider. 1. Directly earthed neutral (Direct earthing) Description: An electrical connection is made between the neutral point and earth. Operating technique: Compulsory switching on ZIGZAG TRANSFORMER CONNECTION OVERVIEW ZigZag Transformer Connection Overview. The zigzag connection of tranformer is also called the interconnected star connection. This connection has some of the features of the Y and the ∆ connections, combining the advantages of both. The zigzag transformer contains six coils on three cores. The first coil on each core is connected MEDIUM VOLTAGE TECHNICAL GUIDE 6 I MV Technical uide schneiderelectriccom Presentation MV Networks The term "medium voltage" is commonly used for distribution systems with voltages above 1 kV and NEUTRAL EARTHING SYSTEMS OF GENERATOR SETS (GENSETS) Neutral earthing systems of generator sets (gensets) (photo credit: cat.com) In general, generator sets have much lower short-circuit levels than transformers ( around 3×In instead of 20×In ). As a result, the tripping conditions required for protection against indirect contact cannot be provided by devices sized for operation onthe normal
TESTING PROCEDURES FOR HV VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS General visual inspection and compliance with the drawings and manuals. Check nameplate ratings and HV, LV terminal markings. Check that all parts of the transformer are properly assembled and tight. Check the HV connections are tight. Check the cable connections on the LV side and the markings. Check the oil levels and inspect forleakage.
PURPOSE OF DISCONNECT SWITCHES IN HV SUBSTATION Purpose of Disconnect Switches In HV Substation (on photo: Siemens Goab switch) In general, they consist of a conducting blade, hinged at one end, and a stationary contact on the other, both terminals mounted on suitable insulators that conform to the common insulator requirements of BIL coordination. Almost every major line or equipmentin a
THE REAL TRUTH BEHIND HOUSEHOLD POWER SAVERS The main advantage of power savers is not that they provide a backup system in times of low current, but that it protects the household appliances. It is known that a sudden rise in the power can destroy the electrical appliance. Thus, the power saver not SCHEMATICS AND DOCS NEEDED FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS OF Communication systems of electric utilities have become increasingly critical to electric system protection, operation, and maintenance. PARALLEL SWITCHING PHENOMENON WHEN MV/HV CIRCUIT BREAKERS What is the parallel switching? Parallel switching occurs when two or more circuit-breakers are tripped to interrupt a shared fault current. This is typically the case for such bus arrangements as a double breaker, breaker-and-a-half, breaker-and-a-third, and ring buses. EIGHT FUSE CHARACTERISTICS YOU MUST CONSIDER WHEN Eight fuse characteristics you must consider when designing protection circuits. The fuse cartridge is inserted in the circuit to be protected. If there is an overcurrent, the circuit is broken automatically by fusing of the conductive fuse element, which is specially rated, inside the cartridge. The silica in the body of thecartridge absorbs
GAS-INSULATED SUBSTATIONS Superior Dielectric Gas. A gas-insulated substation (GIS) uses a superior dielectric gas, SF6, at moderate pressure for phase-tophase and phase-to-ground insulation.The high voltage conductors, circuit breaker interrupters, switches, current transformers, and voltage transformers are in SF6 gas inside grounded metal enclosures. STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE TO DESIGN AND FUNCTIONAL BASICS OF Design and Function Basics of Electric Cars – Step By Step For Engineers. When the electric motor/generator is supplied with an electrical current, it works as a drive. Electric motors/generators used for propulsion are water-cooled. Air cooling would also be possible but complex due to space and the amount of heat generated. 8 TYPICAL TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SCHEMES WITH CORRECTLY 8 typical transformer protection schemes with correctly selected relays. Let’s see the most typical transformer applications and their protection schemes: Small transformer infeed. Large or important transformer infeed. Dual infeed with single transformer. Parallel incoming transformer ZIGZAG TRANSFORMER CONNECTION OVERVIEW ZigZag Transformer Connection Overview. The zigzag connection of tranformer is also called the interconnected star connection. This connection has some of the features of the Y and the ∆ connections, combining the advantages of both. The zigzag transformer contains six coils on three cores. The first coil on each core is connected COURSE TO RELAY CIRCUITRY AND UNDERSTANDING CONTROL AND Muhammad Kashif Shamshad is an Electrical Engineer and has more than 17 years of experience in operation & maintenance, erection, testing project management, consultancy, supervision, and commissioning of Power Plant, GIS, and AIS high voltage substations ranging up to 500 kV HVAC & ±660kV HVDC more than 10 years experience is with SiemensSaudi Arabia.
TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION PRINCIPLES Failure to detect these faults and quickly isolate the transformer may cause serious damage to the device.. Remember that a differential relay is basically an instantaneous overcurrent relay that operates on the difference of current flowing into and out of the protected zone.. For transformers the differential protection (Figure 1) is basically the same as that for a bus but there are certain NEUTRAL EARTHING SYSTEMS OF GENERATOR SETS (GENSETS) Neutral earthing systems of generator sets (gensets) (photo credit: cat.com) In general, generator sets have much lower short-circuit levels than transformers ( around 3×In instead of 20×In ). As a result, the tripping conditions required for protection against indirect contact cannot be provided by devices sized for operation onthe normal
10 COMMON QUESTIONS YOU CAN EXPECT IN ELECTRICAL This examination will focus on testing the fundamentals of electrical engineering from low voltage to high voltage. Of course, you can use huge EEP's resources for help in calculations and finding right answers. You can either take the pencil/paper or MS Word (if you askme –
HOME
Learn everything about AC electric circuits and electronics, from the basics such as what sinusoids are, all the way to key characteristics of AC circuits such as impedance, admittance, power factor & complex power and power calculations. Ricardo Romero, PE. Enroll. €78.99€23.45.
REACTIVE POWER AND POWER FACTOR CORRECTION ESSENTIALS TO S = P + jQ = V × I* (where I* is the complex conjugate of I) We define the reactive power to be positive when it is absorbed (as in a lagging power factor circuit). a. Pure capacitance element – For a pure capacitance element, P=0 and I leads V by 90° so that SCOTT-T TRANSFORMER CONNECTION OVERVIEW A Scott-T transformer ( also called a Scott connection) is a type of circuit used to derive two-phase power from a three-phase source or vice-versa. The Scott connection evenly distributes a balanced load between the phases of the source. Scott T Transformers require a three phase power input and provide two equal single phase outputs called MEGGERING (INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTING) OF DRY-TYPE Meggering (insulation resistance testing) of dry-type power transformer. The insulation resistance test ( meggering) is of value for future comparison and also for determining if the transformer is to be subjected to the applied voltage test.The winding insulation resistance test is a DC high voltage test used to determine thedryness of
8 TYPICAL TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SCHEMES WITH CORRECTLY 8 typical transformer protection schemes with correctly selected relays. Let’s see the most typical transformer applications and their protection schemes: Small transformer infeed. Large or important transformer infeed. Dual infeed with single transformer. Parallel incoming transformer feeders. HOW HARMONIC FILTERS PREVENT DISTORTIONS IN NETWORKS WITHSEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM THE BASICS OF OVERCURRENT PROTECTION The difference in operating time of these two relays for the same fault is defined as discrimination margin.The adjustment of definite-time and inverse-time relays can be carried out by determining two settings: time dial setting and pickup setting.. The time dial setting adjusts the time delay before the relay operates whenever the fault current reaches a value equal to, or greater than,the
HOW TO PROTECT CAPACITOR BANKS?SEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM 13 VERY IMPORTANT TYPE TESTS OF A LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEARSEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM 10 COMMON QUESTIONS YOU CAN EXPECT IN ELECTRICAL This examination will focus on testing the fundamentals of electrical engineering from low voltage to high voltage. Of course, you can use huge EEP's resources for help in calculations and finding right answers. You can either take the pencil/paper or MS Word (if you askme –
HOME
Learn everything about AC electric circuits and electronics, from the basics such as what sinusoids are, all the way to key characteristics of AC circuits such as impedance, admittance, power factor & complex power and power calculations. Ricardo Romero, PE. Enroll. €78.99€23.45.
REACTIVE POWER AND POWER FACTOR CORRECTION ESSENTIALS TO S = P + jQ = V × I* (where I* is the complex conjugate of I) We define the reactive power to be positive when it is absorbed (as in a lagging power factor circuit). a. Pure capacitance element – For a pure capacitance element, P=0 and I leads V by 90° so that SCOTT-T TRANSFORMER CONNECTION OVERVIEW A Scott-T transformer ( also called a Scott connection) is a type of circuit used to derive two-phase power from a three-phase source or vice-versa. The Scott connection evenly distributes a balanced load between the phases of the source. Scott T Transformers require a three phase power input and provide two equal single phase outputs called MEGGERING (INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTING) OF DRY-TYPE Meggering (insulation resistance testing) of dry-type power transformer. The insulation resistance test ( meggering) is of value for future comparison and also for determining if the transformer is to be subjected to the applied voltage test.The winding insulation resistance test is a DC high voltage test used to determine thedryness of
8 TYPICAL TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SCHEMES WITH CORRECTLY 8 typical transformer protection schemes with correctly selected relays. Let’s see the most typical transformer applications and their protection schemes: Small transformer infeed. Large or important transformer infeed. Dual infeed with single transformer. Parallel incoming transformer feeders. HOW HARMONIC FILTERS PREVENT DISTORTIONS IN NETWORKS WITHSEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM THE BASICS OF OVERCURRENT PROTECTION The difference in operating time of these two relays for the same fault is defined as discrimination margin.The adjustment of definite-time and inverse-time relays can be carried out by determining two settings: time dial setting and pickup setting.. The time dial setting adjusts the time delay before the relay operates whenever the fault current reaches a value equal to, or greater than,the
HOW TO PROTECT CAPACITOR BANKS?SEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM 13 VERY IMPORTANT TYPE TESTS OF A LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEARSEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM EEP - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PORTAL You can choose an annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers. With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage SCHEMATICS AND DOCS NEEDED FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS OF Communication systems of electric utilities have become increasingly critical to electric system protection, operation, and maintenance. PURPOSES AND EXAMPLES OF SAFETY INTERLOCKING DEVICES Purposes and Examples of Safety Interlocking Devices (on photo: GENIMOD – GREINER switchgear suitable for all areas relating to the generation, distribution and application of electrical energy in a wide variety of industrial and building services management sectors) PARALLEL SWITCHING PHENOMENON WHEN MV/HV CIRCUIT BREAKERS What is the parallel switching? Parallel switching occurs when two or more circuit-breakers are tripped to interrupt a shared fault current. This is typically the case for such bus arrangements as a double breaker, breaker-and-a-half, breaker-and-a-third, and ring buses.HOME
Learn everything about AC electric circuits and electronics, from the basics such as what sinusoids are, all the way to key characteristics of AC circuits such as impedance, admittance, power factor & complex power and power calculations. Ricardo Romero, PE. Enroll. €78.99€23.45.
THE BASICS OF ELECTRICAL BUS PROTECTIONS The Basics of Electrical Bus Protections (Overcurrent, Differential and Undervoltage) - on photo MICOM protection relay, credit E. Csanyi. When there is a sufficient current flow, the flux will attract the armature (metal flap), which will move to close the attached contacts. Figure 1 – Overcurrent Relay. TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF SUBSTATION DC SYSTEM 2. Battery Unit. Mandatory Condition: The battery set should have been properly charged as per the commissioning instructions of the battery manufacturer for the duration specified. Visual Inspection: Cleanliness of battery is checked and the electrolyte level checked as specified on the individual cells. The tightness of cell connections on individual terminals should be ensured. 8 STEPS TO FOLLOW IN POWER SUBSTATION DESIGN AND Substation design and engineering. Building a new substation or retrofitting the old one is a complex process full of design and engineering tasks to be worked on. The main steps in substation design and engineering are as follows: COURSE TO RELAY CIRCUITRY AND UNDERSTANDING CONTROL AND Muhammad Kashif Shamshad is an Electrical Engineer and has more than 17 years of experience in operation & maintenance, erection, testing project management, consultancy, supervision, and commissioning of Power Plant, GIS, and AIS high voltage substations ranging up to 500 kV HVAC & ±660kV HVDC more than 10 years experience is with SiemensSaudi Arabia.
THE REAL TRUTH BEHIND HOUSEHOLD POWER SAVERS The main advantage of power savers is not that they provide a backup system in times of low current, but that it protects the household appliances. It is known that a sudden rise in the power can destroy the electrical appliance. Thus, the power saver not HOW HARMONIC FILTERS PREVENT DISTORTIONS IN NETWORKS WITHSEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF SUBSTATION DC SYSTEM 2. Battery Unit. Mandatory Condition: The battery set should have been properly charged as per the commissioning instructions of the batterymanufacturer
MEDIUM VOLTAGE DESIGN GUIDE Medium Voltage Technical Guide // Basics for MV cubicle design – Schneider Electric. Knowing the short-circuit power of the network allows us to choose the various parts of a switchboard which must withstand significant temperature rises and electrodynamic constraints. Knowing the voltage (kV) will allow us to define the dielectric withstand COMPARISON OF MEDIUM VOLTAGE EARTHING SYSTEMS The various earthing systems in medium voltage systems are different in the way they operate and each has its advantagesand disadvantages, which we shall now consider. 1. Directly earthed neutral (Direct earthing) Description: An electrical connection is made between the neutral point and earth. Operating technique: Compulsory switching on ZIGZAG TRANSFORMER CONNECTION OVERVIEW ZigZag Transformer Connection Overview. The zigzag connection of tranformer is also called the interconnected star connection. This connection has some of the features of the Y and the ∆ connections, combining the advantages of both. The zigzag transformer contains six coils on three cores. The first coil on each core is connected MEDIUM VOLTAGE TECHNICAL GUIDE 6 I MV Technical uide schneiderelectriccom Presentation MV Networks The term "medium voltage" is commonly used for distribution systems with voltages above 1 kV and NEUTRAL EARTHING SYSTEMS OF GENERATOR SETS (GENSETS) Neutral earthing systems of generator sets (gensets) (photo credit: cat.com) In general, generator sets have much lower short-circuit levels than transformers ( around 3×In instead of 20×In ). As a result, the tripping conditions required for protection against indirect contact cannot be provided by devices sized for operation onthe normal
TESTING PROCEDURES FOR HV VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS General visual inspection and compliance with the drawings and manuals. Check nameplate ratings and HV, LV terminal markings. Check that all parts of the transformer are properly assembled and tight. Check the HV connections are tight. Check the cable connections on the LV side and the markings. Check the oil levels and inspect forleakage.
PURPOSE OF DISCONNECT SWITCHES IN HV SUBSTATION Purpose of Disconnect Switches In HV Substation (on photo: Siemens Goab switch) In general, they consist of a conducting blade, hinged at one end, and a stationary contact on the other, both terminals mounted on suitable insulators that conform to the common insulator requirements of BIL coordination. Almost every major line or equipmentin a
THE REAL TRUTH BEHIND HOUSEHOLD POWER SAVERS The main advantage of power savers is not that they provide a backup system in times of low current, but that it protects the household appliances. It is known that a sudden rise in the power can destroy the electrical appliance. Thus, the power saver not HOW HARMONIC FILTERS PREVENT DISTORTIONS IN NETWORKS WITHSEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF SUBSTATION DC SYSTEM 2. Battery Unit. Mandatory Condition: The battery set should have been properly charged as per the commissioning instructions of the batterymanufacturer
MEDIUM VOLTAGE DESIGN GUIDE Medium Voltage Technical Guide // Basics for MV cubicle design – Schneider Electric. Knowing the short-circuit power of the network allows us to choose the various parts of a switchboard which must withstand significant temperature rises and electrodynamic constraints. Knowing the voltage (kV) will allow us to define the dielectric withstand COMPARISON OF MEDIUM VOLTAGE EARTHING SYSTEMS The various earthing systems in medium voltage systems are different in the way they operate and each has its advantagesand disadvantages, which we shall now consider. 1. Directly earthed neutral (Direct earthing) Description: An electrical connection is made between the neutral point and earth. Operating technique: Compulsory switching on ZIGZAG TRANSFORMER CONNECTION OVERVIEW ZigZag Transformer Connection Overview. The zigzag connection of tranformer is also called the interconnected star connection. This connection has some of the features of the Y and the ∆ connections, combining the advantages of both. The zigzag transformer contains six coils on three cores. The first coil on each core is connected MEDIUM VOLTAGE TECHNICAL GUIDE 6 I MV Technical uide schneiderelectriccom Presentation MV Networks The term "medium voltage" is commonly used for distribution systems with voltages above 1 kV and NEUTRAL EARTHING SYSTEMS OF GENERATOR SETS (GENSETS) Neutral earthing systems of generator sets (gensets) (photo credit: cat.com) In general, generator sets have much lower short-circuit levels than transformers ( around 3×In instead of 20×In ). As a result, the tripping conditions required for protection against indirect contact cannot be provided by devices sized for operation onthe normal
TESTING PROCEDURES FOR HV VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS General visual inspection and compliance with the drawings and manuals. Check nameplate ratings and HV, LV terminal markings. Check that all parts of the transformer are properly assembled and tight. Check the HV connections are tight. Check the cable connections on the LV side and the markings. Check the oil levels and inspect forleakage.
PURPOSE OF DISCONNECT SWITCHES IN HV SUBSTATION Purpose of Disconnect Switches In HV Substation (on photo: Siemens Goab switch) In general, they consist of a conducting blade, hinged at one end, and a stationary contact on the other, both terminals mounted on suitable insulators that conform to the common insulator requirements of BIL coordination. Almost every major line or equipmentin a
THE REAL TRUTH BEHIND HOUSEHOLD POWER SAVERS The main advantage of power savers is not that they provide a backup system in times of low current, but that it protects the household appliances. It is known that a sudden rise in the power can destroy the electrical appliance. Thus, the power saver not SCHEMATICS AND DOCS NEEDED FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS OF Communication systems of electric utilities have become increasingly critical to electric system protection, operation, and maintenance. PARALLEL SWITCHING PHENOMENON WHEN MV/HV CIRCUIT BREAKERS What is the parallel switching? Parallel switching occurs when two or more circuit-breakers are tripped to interrupt a shared fault current. This is typically the case for such bus arrangements as a double breaker, breaker-and-a-half, breaker-and-a-third, and ring buses. EIGHT FUSE CHARACTERISTICS YOU MUST CONSIDER WHEN Eight fuse characteristics you must consider when designing protection circuits. The fuse cartridge is inserted in the circuit to be protected. If there is an overcurrent, the circuit is broken automatically by fusing of the conductive fuse element, which is specially rated, inside the cartridge. The silica in the body of thecartridge absorbs
GAS-INSULATED SUBSTATIONS Superior Dielectric Gas. A gas-insulated substation (GIS) uses a superior dielectric gas, SF6, at moderate pressure for phase-tophase and phase-to-ground insulation.The high voltage conductors, circuit breaker interrupters, switches, current transformers, and voltage transformers are in SF6 gas inside grounded metal enclosures. STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE TO DESIGN AND FUNCTIONAL BASICS OF Design and Function Basics of Electric Cars – Step By Step For Engineers. When the electric motor/generator is supplied with an electrical current, it works as a drive. Electric motors/generators used for propulsion are water-cooled. Air cooling would also be possible but complex due to space and the amount of heat generated. 8 TYPICAL TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SCHEMES WITH CORRECTLY 8 typical transformer protection schemes with correctly selected relays. Let’s see the most typical transformer applications and their protection schemes: Small transformer infeed. Large or important transformer infeed. Dual infeed with single transformer. Parallel incoming transformer ZIGZAG TRANSFORMER CONNECTION OVERVIEW ZigZag Transformer Connection Overview. The zigzag connection of tranformer is also called the interconnected star connection. This connection has some of the features of the Y and the ∆ connections, combining the advantages of both. The zigzag transformer contains six coils on three cores. The first coil on each core is connected COURSE TO RELAY CIRCUITRY AND UNDERSTANDING CONTROL AND Muhammad Kashif Shamshad is an Electrical Engineer and has more than 17 years of experience in operation & maintenance, erection, testing project management, consultancy, supervision, and commissioning of Power Plant, GIS, and AIS high voltage substations ranging up to 500 kV HVAC & ±660kV HVDC more than 10 years experience is with SiemensSaudi Arabia.
TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION PRINCIPLES Failure to detect these faults and quickly isolate the transformer may cause serious damage to the device.. Remember that a differential relay is basically an instantaneous overcurrent relay that operates on the difference of current flowing into and out of the protected zone.. For transformers the differential protection (Figure 1) is basically the same as that for a bus but there are certain NEUTRAL EARTHING SYSTEMS OF GENERATOR SETS (GENSETS) Neutral earthing systems of generator sets (gensets) (photo credit: cat.com) In general, generator sets have much lower short-circuit levels than transformers ( around 3×In instead of 20×In ). As a result, the tripping conditions required for protection against indirect contact cannot be provided by devices sized for operation onthe normal
THE BASICS OF ELECTRICAL BUS PROTECTIONS The Basics of Electrical Bus Protections (Overcurrent, Differential and Undervoltage) - on photo MICOM protection relay, credit E. Csanyi. When there is a sufficient current flow, the flux will attract the armature (metal flap), which will move to close the attached contacts. Figure 1 – Overcurrent Relay. REACTIVE POWER AND POWER FACTOR CORRECTION ESSENTIALS TO S = P + jQ = V × I* (where I* is the complex conjugate of I) We define the reactive power to be positive when it is absorbed (as in a lagging power factor circuit). a. Pure capacitance element – For a pure capacitance element, P=0 and I leads V by 90° so that DANGER AND CONTROL OF STATIC ELECTRICITY BUILDUP The following are the dangers posed by static electricity: Damage to mechanical components such as bearings due to sparking through the oil films on bearing surfaces. 1. Grounding and bonding. Charge buildup takes place when two surfaces, which are in contact and across which electrons migrate, get suddenly separated. 8 TYPICAL TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SCHEMES WITH CORRECTLYGE TRANSFORMER PROTECTION RELAYGE TRANSFORMER PROTECTION RELAYPOWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONPOWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTSTRANSFORMER PROTECTION GUIDETRANSFORMER PROTECTION PDF 8 typical transformer protection schemes with correctly selected relays. Let’s see the most typical transformer applications and their protection schemes: Small transformer infeed. Large or important transformer infeed. Dual infeed with single transformer. Parallel incoming transformer feeders. HOW HARMONIC FILTERS PREVENT DISTORTIONS IN NETWORKS WITHSEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM EFFECT OF LIGHTNING STRIKE ON ELECTRICAL LINES Effect of lightning strike on electrical lines. A direct lightning strike on a conductor of a power line causes extremely high voltage pulses at the strike point, which are propagated as traveling waves in either direction from the point of strike. The crest of the pulse can be calculated as: V = I × Z. Where: V is the crest voltage I is the peak lightning current USING HIGH-SPEED GROUNDING SWITCHES The switches are generally actuated by discharging a spring mechanism to provide the ‘‘ high-speed ’’ operation. The grounding switch operates to provide a deliberate ground fault on one phase of the high-voltage bus supplying the power transformer, disrupting the normally balanced 120° phase shifted three-phase system byeffectively
WHAT'S COMMON FOR BEER MUG AND POWER FACTOR? The less foam you have ( the lower the percentage of KVAR ), the higher your ratio of KW ( beer) to KVA ( beer plus foam ). In fact, as your foam ( or KVAR) approaches zero, your power factor approaches 1.0. Our beer mug analogy is a bit simplistic. In reality, when we calculate KVA, we must determine the “ vectorial summation ” ofKVAR and KW.
THE REAL TRUTH BEHIND HOUSEHOLD POWER SAVERS The main advantage of power savers is not that they provide a backup system in times of low current, but that it protects the household appliances. It is known that a sudden rise in the power can destroy the electrical appliance. Thus, the power saver not NEUTRAL EARTHING SYSTEMS OF GENERATOR SETS (GENSETS) Neutral earthing systems of generator sets (gensets) (photo credit: cat.com) In general, generator sets have much lower short-circuit levels than transformers ( around 3×In instead of 20×In ). As a result, the tripping conditions required for protection against indirect contact cannot be provided by devices sized for operation onthe normal
THE BASICS OF ELECTRICAL BUS PROTECTIONS The Basics of Electrical Bus Protections (Overcurrent, Differential and Undervoltage) - on photo MICOM protection relay, credit E. Csanyi. When there is a sufficient current flow, the flux will attract the armature (metal flap), which will move to close the attached contacts. Figure 1 – Overcurrent Relay. REACTIVE POWER AND POWER FACTOR CORRECTION ESSENTIALS TO S = P + jQ = V × I* (where I* is the complex conjugate of I) We define the reactive power to be positive when it is absorbed (as in a lagging power factor circuit). a. Pure capacitance element – For a pure capacitance element, P=0 and I leads V by 90° so that DANGER AND CONTROL OF STATIC ELECTRICITY BUILDUP The following are the dangers posed by static electricity: Damage to mechanical components such as bearings due to sparking through the oil films on bearing surfaces. 1. Grounding and bonding. Charge buildup takes place when two surfaces, which are in contact and across which electrons migrate, get suddenly separated. 8 TYPICAL TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SCHEMES WITH CORRECTLYGE TRANSFORMER PROTECTION RELAYGE TRANSFORMER PROTECTION RELAYPOWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONPOWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTSTRANSFORMER PROTECTION GUIDETRANSFORMER PROTECTION PDF 8 typical transformer protection schemes with correctly selected relays. Let’s see the most typical transformer applications and their protection schemes: Small transformer infeed. Large or important transformer infeed. Dual infeed with single transformer. Parallel incoming transformer feeders. HOW HARMONIC FILTERS PREVENT DISTORTIONS IN NETWORKS WITHSEE MORE ON ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-PORTAL.COM EFFECT OF LIGHTNING STRIKE ON ELECTRICAL LINES Effect of lightning strike on electrical lines. A direct lightning strike on a conductor of a power line causes extremely high voltage pulses at the strike point, which are propagated as traveling waves in either direction from the point of strike. The crest of the pulse can be calculated as: V = I × Z. Where: V is the crest voltage I is the peak lightning current USING HIGH-SPEED GROUNDING SWITCHES The switches are generally actuated by discharging a spring mechanism to provide the ‘‘ high-speed ’’ operation. The grounding switch operates to provide a deliberate ground fault on one phase of the high-voltage bus supplying the power transformer, disrupting the normally balanced 120° phase shifted three-phase system byeffectively
WHAT'S COMMON FOR BEER MUG AND POWER FACTOR? The less foam you have ( the lower the percentage of KVAR ), the higher your ratio of KW ( beer) to KVA ( beer plus foam ). In fact, as your foam ( or KVAR) approaches zero, your power factor approaches 1.0. Our beer mug analogy is a bit simplistic. In reality, when we calculate KVA, we must determine the “ vectorial summation ” ofKVAR and KW.
THE REAL TRUTH BEHIND HOUSEHOLD POWER SAVERS The main advantage of power savers is not that they provide a backup system in times of low current, but that it protects the household appliances. It is known that a sudden rise in the power can destroy the electrical appliance. Thus, the power saver not NEUTRAL EARTHING SYSTEMS OF GENERATOR SETS (GENSETS) Neutral earthing systems of generator sets (gensets) (photo credit: cat.com) In general, generator sets have much lower short-circuit levels than transformers ( around 3×In instead of 20×In ). As a result, the tripping conditions required for protection against indirect contact cannot be provided by devices sized for operation onthe normal
PARALLEL SWITCHING PHENOMENON WHEN MV/HV CIRCUIT BREAKERS What is the parallel switching? Parallel switching occurs when two or more circuit-breakers are tripped to interrupt a shared fault current. This is typically the case for such bus arrangements as a double breaker, breaker-and-a-half, breaker-and-a-third, and ring buses. BASICS OF DC MOTORS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS Figure 2 – Torque/speed curves for a separate field excitation motor. The operation of this type of device (DC motor) is reversible // If the load opposes the rotation movement (the load is said to be resistive), the device provides a torque and operates as a motor.. If the load is such that it tends to make the device rotate (the load is said to be driving) or it opposes the slow-down REACTIVE POWER AND POWER FACTOR CORRECTION ESSENTIALS TO S = P + jQ = V × I* (where I* is the complex conjugate of I) We define the reactive power to be positive when it is absorbed (as in a lagging power factor circuit). a. Pure capacitance element – For a pure capacitance element, P=0 and I leads V by 90° so that ELECTRICAL DESIGN OF HEALTHCARE FACILITIES (ESSENTIAL Type 1 essential electrical systems (EES) have the most stringent requirements for providing continuity of electrical service and will, therefore, be the focus of this section. Type 1 EES requirements meet or exceed the requirements for Type 2 facilities. Figure 1 – Typical Large Hospital Electrical System – Type 1 Essential ElectricalSystem.
9 RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR GROUNDING Recommended practice is to space multiple ground rods a minimum of twice the length of the rod apart. Install deep-driven or chemically-enhanced ground rods in mountainous or rocky terrain, and where soil conditions are poor. Detailed design of grounding systems are beyond the scope of this document. Earthing electrode. NEUTRAL EARTHING SYSTEMS OF GENERATOR SETS (GENSETS) Neutral earthing systems of generator sets (gensets) (photo credit: cat.com) In general, generator sets have much lower short-circuit levels than transformers ( around 3×In instead of 20×In ). As a result, the tripping conditions required for protection against indirect contact cannot be provided by devices sized for operation onthe normal
HOW HARMONIC FILTERS PREVENT DISTORTIONS IN NETWORKS WITH Due to the many devices, for example with capacitive smoothing which generates harmonics (particularly the third, fifth and seventh harmonics), this causes undesirable network perturbations (or distortions). When the harmonic levels are too high, a harmonic filter solution is needed. Traditionally, passive filters, active filters(AFs), and
COURSE TO RELAY CIRCUITRY AND UNDERSTANDING CONTROL AND Muhammad Kashif Shamshad is an Electrical Engineer and has more than 17 years of experience in operation & maintenance, erection, testing project management, consultancy, supervision, and commissioning of Power Plant, GIS, and AIS high voltage substations ranging up to 500 kV HVAC & ±660kV HVDC more than 10 years experience is with SiemensSaudi Arabia.
EFFECT OF LIGHTNING STRIKE ON ELECTRICAL LINES Effect of lightning strike on electrical lines. A direct lightning strike on a conductor of a power line causes extremely high voltage pulses at the strike point, which are propagated as traveling waves in either direction from the point of strike. The crest of the pulse can be calculated as: V = I × Z. Where: V is the crest voltage I is the peak lightning current WHAT IS HIPOT TESTING (DIELECTRIC STRENGTH TEST)? Hi-Pot test is a contraction for high potential HV testing. Hipot Test is short name of high potential (high voltage) Test and it is also known as Dielectric Withstand Test. A hipot test checks for “good isolation.”. Hipot test makes surety of no current will flow from one point to another point. Hipot test is the opposite of a continuitytest.
* Home
* Technical Articles * Engineering Literature* Substations
* EE Tools
* PLC Training
Power Substation
IED (INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICE) ADVANCED FUNCTIONS THAT MAKE OURLIFE BETTER
Energy and Power
SMART WAYS TO CUT DOWN THE INFLUENCE OF HARMONICSProtection
HV/MV/LV TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SCHEMES Transformer protection should take into account the power, voltage, vector group and the importance of the unit within a particular system. Depending on these factors, the transformers can be assigned… Read more IMPROVING POWER QUALITY IN LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS WITH DISTRIBUTEDGENERATION
IS DC IN DISTRIBUTION GRIDS FEASIBLE ENOUGH TO REPLACE AC?Premium Membership
Get access to premium HV/MV/LV technical articles, electrical guides, studies and much more! Apply 20% OFF Code: EEP09PEMore Information
OCCURRENCE AND DETECTION OF AN EARTH FAULT IN MV POWER SYSTEMS WITHISOLATED NEUTRAL
The mode of operation of an MV industrial power system that is galvanically isolated from the public power supply is determined by the method of neutral earthing on the secondary… Read more Oct 14, 2019 | Energy and Power TOP TEN SOFTWARE FOR ELECTRICAL DESIGN, ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF T&DNETWORKS
The importance of stability and maintaining the power quality of the electricity transmission and distribution (T&D) networks necessitates a thorough examination of all aspects of the design, analysis, andsimulation…...
PREMIUM MEMBERSHIP REQUIRED This content is available for PREMIUM MEMBERS ONLY. Premium membership gives you an access to specialized technical articles and other extra premium content (electrical guides and software). Discount Available! 20% Off With Code: EEP09PE (Expires On October31st) Login ♛
Register ♛
Oct 10, 2019 | Power Substation ♛ MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHES FOR ISOLATION AND EARTHING (APPLICATIONS & IEC62271 RATINGS)
Medium voltage switches for use on 1-52kV indoor systems are predominantly used for isolation and earthing. Although the majority of these switches are air insulated, gas insulated (SF6) combination switches… Read more Oct 09, 2019 | Energy and Power THE ART OF ACHIEVING SELECTIVITY BETWEEN INCOMING FEEDERS CONNECTED INPARALLEL
Calculating selectivity between incoming low voltage feeders connected in parallel is never an easy task. In parallel operation of two, three and more transformers on a common busbar, the partial… Read more Oct 07, 2019 | Energy and Power AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH BETWEEN THREE POWER SOURCES (ANALYSIS OFSCHEMES)
When a switchboard can be supplied from two or more different sources, transfer between those sources can be done manually or automatically. This kind of configuration is usually designed when…... PREMIUM MEMBERSHIP REQUIRED This content is available for PREMIUM MEMBERS ONLY. Premium membership gives you an access to specialized technical articles and other extra premium content (electrical guides and software). Discount Available! 20% Off With Code: EEP09PE (Expires On October31st) Login ♛
Register ♛
Oct 03, 2019 | Low Voltage ♛ PRE-COMMISSIONING CHECKS AND TESTS OF HIGH VOLTAGE CURRENTTRANSFORMERS (CTS)
Once erection is completed, various pre-commissioning checks and tests are performed to ensure the healthiness of the switchyard equipment prior to their energization. This technical article explains various major electrical… Read more Oct 02, 2019 | Testing and Commissioning GOOD PRACTICE RULES FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) OF LVCONDUCTORS
The search for an overall optimization of the installation with regard to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and its ability to function without suffering or emitting excessive interference, comes via aset… Read more
Sep 30, 2019 | Energy and Power PROTECTIVE GROUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTIONLINES
This technical article covers protective grounding requirements for steel tower and wood pole supported transmission and distribution lines, and insulated power cables. Protective grounds must be installed so all phases… Read more Sep 25, 2019 | Maintenance THINGS YOU MUST KNOW WHEN COMMISSIONING LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR ANDCIRCUIT BREAKERS
Purchasing low voltage switchgear is not that easy, it’s not like purchasing a new TV or laptop. You have to be very experienced and deadly serious when specifying and ordering… Read more Sep 23, 2019 | Low Voltage WHY WE FIND TEMPERATURE SO IMPORTANT EVERYWHERE IN ELECTRICALENGINEERING?
The purpose of this article is to underline and illustrate the importance of temperature for various aspects of electrical engineering. This is one of the crucial engineering issues fromthe…...
PREMIUM MEMBERSHIP REQUIRED This content is available for PREMIUM MEMBERS ONLY. Premium membership gives you an access to specialized technical articles and other extra premium content (electrical guides and software). Discount Available! 20% Off With Code: EEP09PE (Expires On October31st) Login ♛
Register ♛
Sep 20, 2019 | Energy and Power ♛ See All Technical ArticlesGeneral
Engineering Guides
Becoming the good electrical engineer requires a lot of passion, training and commitment. This comprehensive section is prepared as a resource for individuals and professionals interested in the ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING CAREER PATH. In this section you will find very usefull books and guides related to electrical science in general, AC/DC electrical circuits, network protection, electrical installations, lighting etc.Browse //
Power Substation
Handbooks
Substation engineers nowdays are involved in projects from design and conceptualization to maintenance. Because of the wide range of industries using electrical engineers, many engineers specialize in some of the sub-discipline of electrical engineering. Depending on background and expertise, projects can include systems such as energy transmission and distribution, protection and controletc.
Browse //
MS Excel Spreadsheets (XLS, XLSX) This section is dedicated to tools every electrical engineer can use in daily work. These spreadsheets developed by enthusiasts will make your job much more easier, alowing you to shorten the time used for endless calculations of power cables, voltage drop, power factor, circuit breakers, capacitors, cable size, power transformers etc. Just to mention that all calculation spreadsheets are FREE FORDOWNLOAD!
Browse //
EEP - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PORTAL ENERGY & POWER FOR ALL! INTELLIGENT DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION OF MV/LV TRANSFORMER STATIONS ATLV NETWORKS
Unlike passive filters, active filters do not produce connection overvoltages, because the charge will not be trapped in capacitors similarly. The typical structure of active filters contains an inductor, i.e…. Read more FAULT CURRENT SELECTION FOR A CIRCUIT BREAKER FROM A SUBSTATION LAYOUT As you know, faults on electrical transmission and distribution systems can lead to severe economic losses, and that’s not good. Rapid information about the type and the location of the… Read more MV APPLICATION GUIDE FOR ENGINEERS TO SELECT AND SPECIFY THE RIGHTEQUIPMENT
Standard IEC 62271-1 defines standard ratings for medium voltage switchgear. Full name of this standard is ‘High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1: Common specifications for alternating current switchgear and… Read more PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE OF SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT AND TRANSMISSION LINES The main advantage of Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) is its high reliability and also compactness which has direct influence on land requirement, land cost, environmental considerations, etc. The initial equipment… Read more TRAINING REPORT ON 400/220/132 KV SWITCHYARD IN INDIA (DESIGN ANDENGINEERING)
400 kv Agra substation is one of the most important substation in India and it belongs to the largest power grid in the north India. The whole substation is divided… Read more BASIC POWER SUBSTATION THEORY FOR STUDENTS Oil filled transformer makes use of oil for the cooling of major parts of a transformer. Oil filled transformers are transformers filled with a highly refined mineral oil that is… Read more POWER LINE CARRIER CHANNEL (PLCC) AND APPLICATION OF TRANSMISSION LINERELAYING
Protective Relaying schemes use pilot channels to transmit local information to the remote end in order to make the proper decision to trip or not to trip for a fault… Read more 2019 EEP - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PORTAL. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED |Privacy Policy
| Terms of
Service
The content is copyrighted to EEP and may not be reproduced on otherwebsites.
* Electrical Tools
* Excel Spreadsheets* Windows Software
* Electrical Guides
* Power Substations
* Electrical Engineering* Generation T&D
* Data Center Guides * Control & Protection * Industrial Automation* ABB Drives Guides
* ABB Protection Books* Siemens EE Basics
* Schneider Electric CTs * Alternative Energy * Electrical Design Docs* Video Trainings
* Electrical Engineering* PLC Programming
* Testing & Commiss.* EE Resources
* Technical Articles * Technical Articles (Blog)* Categories (42)
* Free Newsletter
* EE Weekly Digest
* Home
* Sitemap
* Contact
* Advertisement
* Premium Membership ♛* Register
* Log In
Facebook Linkedin
×Get Notifications
Details
Copyright © 2024 ArchiveBay.com. All rights reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | DMCA | 2021 | Feedback | Advertising | RSS 2.0