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HABs in Puget
COUNTIES | ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUND Counties. There are 13 counties in the Puget Sound watershed. Clallam County. Island County. Jefferson County. King County. Kitsap County. Lewis County. Mason County. SECTION 2. HUMAN WELL-BEING AND ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT Section 2. Human Well-being and Ecosystem-based Management. Over the past decade, efforts have been made to expand our understanding of coupled social and ecological systems (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003; Liu et al., 2007; Walker et al., 2002). Governments at many levels have increasingly sought to base environmentalmanagement not
TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. The body segments have on each side an upper and lower bundle of chitinous bristles (setae), that are able to POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. The jelly eats caprellid amphipods and other small crustaceans which are common on eelgrass, as well as worms and crustaceans from the bottom and small plankton. IS SHORELINE ARMORING BECOMING A RELIC OF THE PAST Close to 30% of Puget Sound's shoreline is armored with seawalls and other structures meant to protect beaches against rising tides and erosion. But science increasingly shows that these structures are ineffective and cause significant harm to salmon and other creatures. State and federal agencies have been encouraging private property owners to remove armoring in a race to ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Clam gardens are part of a suite of marine and terrestrial resource management practices employed by Northwest Coast First Peoples to enhance food production and increase food security. These features were made by constructing rock walls at the low tide line of sheltered, soft-sediment embayments, transforming sloping clam beachesinto more
THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUNDARTICLESSCIENCE REVIEWSPECIESSHORELINE HABITATSMAPSARCHIVED REPORTS Puget Sound Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Recovery Strategy. A 2014 report from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources outlines a recovery strategy for native eelgrass in Puget Sound. The strategy is designed to address a target set forth by the Puget Sound Partnership to increase eelgrass by 20 percent in Puget Sound by 2020. TRIBES OF THE PUGET SOUND AND SALISH SEA REGIONS Non-Federally recognized Native American tribes of the Puget Sound watershed*. Duwamish Tribe. Kikiallus Indian Nation. Marietta Band of Nooksack Tribe. Snohomish Tribe. Snoqualmoo Tribe. Steilacoom Tribe. *Source: Governor's Office of Indian Affairs, State of Washington. HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN PUGET SOUND These toxin effects are the most pronounced during periodic “blooms” when these naturally-occurring species proliferate due to a combination of warm temperatures, sunlight, and nutrient-rich waters. The algae are ingested by shellfish, such as clams, oysters, mussels, and geoduck, which concentrate the toxins. Three types ofHABs in Puget
COUNTIES | ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUND Counties. There are 13 counties in the Puget Sound watershed. Clallam County. Island County. Jefferson County. King County. Kitsap County. Lewis County. Mason County. SECTION 2. HUMAN WELL-BEING AND ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT Section 2. Human Well-being and Ecosystem-based Management. Over the past decade, efforts have been made to expand our understanding of coupled social and ecological systems (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003; Liu et al., 2007; Walker et al., 2002). Governments at many levels have increasingly sought to base environmentalmanagement not
TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. The body segments have on each side an upper and lower bundle of chitinous bristles (setae), that are able to POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. The jelly eats caprellid amphipods and other small crustaceans which are common on eelgrass, as well as worms and crustaceans from the bottom and small plankton. IS SHORELINE ARMORING BECOMING A RELIC OF THE PAST Close to 30% of Puget Sound's shoreline is armored with seawalls and other structures meant to protect beaches against rising tides and erosion. But science increasingly shows that these structures are ineffective and cause significant harm to salmon and other creatures. State and federal agencies have been encouraging private property owners to remove armoring in a race to ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Clam gardens are part of a suite of marine and terrestrial resource management practices employed by Northwest Coast First Peoples to enhance food production and increase food security. These features were made by constructing rock walls at the low tide line of sheltered, soft-sediment embayments, transforming sloping clam beachesinto more
THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
CONGENITAL DISEASES IN HARBOR SEALS FROM THE SALISH SEA Postmortem data for harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsii) in the Salish Sea were analyzed for epidemiologic trends in congenital diseases.Cleft palate, cleft lips, or both (n=8) and cardiac defects (n=5) were the most common congenital abnormalities, followed by cases with multiple defects (n=4).No temporal trends or spatial clusters of cases were seen from 2003 to 2019, during which time GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PUGET SOUND FISHES: MAPS AND Volume 1: Family Petromyzontidae (lampreys) through family Syngnathidae (pipefishes). Volume 2: Family Percichthyidae (temperate basses) through family Hexagrammidae (greenlings). Volume 3: Family Cottidae (sculpins) through family Molidae (molas). "SOUNDERS" ARRIVE AS GRAY WHALES DECLINE ALONG THE COAST Each spring, about a dozen gray whales make a brief detour into the Salish Sea before heading north to their feeding grounds in the Arctic. Biologists dubbed these whales "Sounders" after first noting their presence in the 1990s, and the whales have become rare but widely anticipated visitors to local waters. The whales were spotted again this year, but biologists have CUSTOM SPECIES LISTS Utilizing double quotes for exact terms can narrow your search results. Ex. A common name search of Northwestern Sedge matches 'Northwestern Sedge' and 'Northwestern Showy Sedge'. Typing "Northwestern Sedge" return only 'Northwestern Sedge'. 7. SPECIFICITY AND SENSITIVITY OF INDICATORS 7. Specificity and Sensitivity of Indicators. Long lists of indicators can present challenges for drawing inference about overall ecosystem status. A useful way to interpret lists of indicators in aggregate focuses on one of the primary considerations in the set of evaluation criteria introduced above, “the indicator responds predictably and ECOSYSTEM MODELS EXPAND OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE SALISH Ecosystem models expand our understanding of the Salish Sea. Scientists are using computer models to address complex issues in the Salish Sea like the rise of harmful algal blooms and the movement of toxic PCBs. LiveOcean, Atlantis and the Salish Sea Model are three systems that are changing the game for ecologists and otherresearchers.
TYPES OF ESTUARIES IN PUGET SOUND An estuary is a place where saltwater from the ocean mixes with freshwater from rivers and streams. Technically, this defines all of Puget Sound, but scientists have identified several types of "sub-estuaries" within the water body. These include pocket estuaries (or embayments), tidally-influenced rivers and wetlands and other areas near the shoreline connected with SCIENCE IN THE SPOTLIGHT: EELGRASS RECOVERY The Washington Department of Natural Resources is studying new ways of increasing ecologically important eelgrass habitat in Puget Sound. It is part of the state's effort to boost eelgrass 20% Sound-wide by 2020. So far, recovery of the species has fallen short of that goal, but transplanting efforts are showing promise. INVASIVE MARINE SPECIES: WASHINGTON STATE PRIORITIES The Washington Invasive Species Council evaluated more than 700 invasive species in and around Washington, considering their threats to the state’s environment, economy, and human health. They included terrestrial plants and animals, aquatic plants and animals (both freshwater and saltwater), insects and diseases. In the end, the council listed 50 “priority species” for HOW TO PLAN A CLAM GARDEN In the last several years, the Hul'q'umi'num and W̱SÁNEĆ (formerly Saanich) First Nations have been working with Parks Canada to restore ancient clam gardens in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve in British Columbia.. Now a third Coast Salish nation, the Swinomish tribe in Washington state, is embarking on the first new construction of a clam garden in modern history. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUNDARTICLESSCIENCE REVIEWSPECIESSHORELINE HABITATSMAPSARCHIVED REPORTS Puget Sound Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Recovery Strategy. A 2014 report from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources outlines a recovery strategy for native eelgrass in Puget Sound. The strategy is designed to address a target set forth by the Puget Sound Partnership to increase eelgrass by 20 percent in Puget Sound by 2020. TRIBES OF THE PUGET SOUND AND SALISH SEA REGIONS Non-Federally recognized Native American tribes of the Puget Sound watershed*. Duwamish Tribe. Kikiallus Indian Nation. Marietta Band of Nooksack Tribe. Snohomish Tribe. Snoqualmoo Tribe. Steilacoom Tribe. *Source: Governor's Office of Indian Affairs, State of Washington. HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN PUGET SOUND These toxin effects are the most pronounced during periodic “blooms” when these naturally-occurring species proliferate due to a combination of warm temperatures, sunlight, and nutrient-rich waters. The algae are ingested by shellfish, such as clams, oysters, mussels, and geoduck, which concentrate the toxins. Three types ofHABs in Puget
COUNTIES | ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUND Counties. There are 13 counties in the Puget Sound watershed. Clallam County. Island County. Jefferson County. King County. Kitsap County. Lewis County. Mason County. SECTION 2. HUMAN WELL-BEING AND ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT Section 2. Human Well-being and Ecosystem-based Management. Over the past decade, efforts have been made to expand our understanding of coupled social and ecological systems (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003; Liu et al., 2007; Walker et al., 2002). Governments at many levels have increasingly sought to base environmentalmanagement not
TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. The body segments have on each side an upper and lower bundle of chitinous bristles (setae), that are able to POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. The jelly eats caprellid amphipods and other small crustaceans which are common on eelgrass, as well as worms and crustaceans from the bottom and small plankton. IS SHORELINE ARMORING BECOMING A RELIC OF THE PAST Close to 30% of Puget Sound's shoreline is armored with seawalls and other structures meant to protect beaches against rising tides and erosion. But science increasingly shows that these structures are ineffective and cause significant harm to salmon and other creatures. State and federal agencies have been encouraging private property owners to remove armoring in a race to ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Clam gardens are part of a suite of marine and terrestrial resource management practices employed by Northwest Coast First Peoples to enhance food production and increase food security. These features were made by constructing rock walls at the low tide line of sheltered, soft-sediment embayments, transforming sloping clam beachesinto more
THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUNDARTICLESSCIENCE REVIEWSPECIESSHORELINE HABITATSMAPSARCHIVED REPORTS Puget Sound Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Recovery Strategy. A 2014 report from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources outlines a recovery strategy for native eelgrass in Puget Sound. The strategy is designed to address a target set forth by the Puget Sound Partnership to increase eelgrass by 20 percent in Puget Sound by 2020. TRIBES OF THE PUGET SOUND AND SALISH SEA REGIONS Non-Federally recognized Native American tribes of the Puget Sound watershed*. Duwamish Tribe. Kikiallus Indian Nation. Marietta Band of Nooksack Tribe. Snohomish Tribe. Snoqualmoo Tribe. Steilacoom Tribe. *Source: Governor's Office of Indian Affairs, State of Washington. HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN PUGET SOUND These toxin effects are the most pronounced during periodic “blooms” when these naturally-occurring species proliferate due to a combination of warm temperatures, sunlight, and nutrient-rich waters. The algae are ingested by shellfish, such as clams, oysters, mussels, and geoduck, which concentrate the toxins. Three types ofHABs in Puget
COUNTIES | ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUND Counties. There are 13 counties in the Puget Sound watershed. Clallam County. Island County. Jefferson County. King County. Kitsap County. Lewis County. Mason County. SECTION 2. HUMAN WELL-BEING AND ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT Section 2. Human Well-being and Ecosystem-based Management. Over the past decade, efforts have been made to expand our understanding of coupled social and ecological systems (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003; Liu et al., 2007; Walker et al., 2002). Governments at many levels have increasingly sought to base environmentalmanagement not
TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. The body segments have on each side an upper and lower bundle of chitinous bristles (setae), that are able to POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. The jelly eats caprellid amphipods and other small crustaceans which are common on eelgrass, as well as worms and crustaceans from the bottom and small plankton. IS SHORELINE ARMORING BECOMING A RELIC OF THE PAST Close to 30% of Puget Sound's shoreline is armored with seawalls and other structures meant to protect beaches against rising tides and erosion. But science increasingly shows that these structures are ineffective and cause significant harm to salmon and other creatures. State and federal agencies have been encouraging private property owners to remove armoring in a race to ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Clam gardens are part of a suite of marine and terrestrial resource management practices employed by Northwest Coast First Peoples to enhance food production and increase food security. These features were made by constructing rock walls at the low tide line of sheltered, soft-sediment embayments, transforming sloping clam beachesinto more
THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
CONGENITAL DISEASES IN HARBOR SEALS FROM THE SALISH SEA Postmortem data for harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsii) in the Salish Sea were analyzed for epidemiologic trends in congenital diseases.Cleft palate, cleft lips, or both (n=8) and cardiac defects (n=5) were the most common congenital abnormalities, followed by cases with multiple defects (n=4).No temporal trends or spatial clusters of cases were seen from 2003 to 2019, during which time GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PUGET SOUND FISHES: MAPS AND Volume 1: Family Petromyzontidae (lampreys) through family Syngnathidae (pipefishes). Volume 2: Family Percichthyidae (temperate basses) through family Hexagrammidae (greenlings). Volume 3: Family Cottidae (sculpins) through family Molidae (molas). "SOUNDERS" ARRIVE AS GRAY WHALES DECLINE ALONG THE COAST Each spring, about a dozen gray whales make a brief detour into the Salish Sea before heading north to their feeding grounds in the Arctic. Biologists dubbed these whales "Sounders" after first noting their presence in the 1990s, and the whales have become rare but widely anticipated visitors to local waters. The whales were spotted again this year, but biologists have CUSTOM SPECIES LISTS Utilizing double quotes for exact terms can narrow your search results. Ex. A common name search of Northwestern Sedge matches 'Northwestern Sedge' and 'Northwestern Showy Sedge'. Typing "Northwestern Sedge" return only 'Northwestern Sedge'. 7. SPECIFICITY AND SENSITIVITY OF INDICATORS 7. Specificity and Sensitivity of Indicators. Long lists of indicators can present challenges for drawing inference about overall ecosystem status. A useful way to interpret lists of indicators in aggregate focuses on one of the primary considerations in the set of evaluation criteria introduced above, “the indicator responds predictably and ECOSYSTEM MODELS EXPAND OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE SALISH Ecosystem models expand our understanding of the Salish Sea. Scientists are using computer models to address complex issues in the Salish Sea like the rise of harmful algal blooms and the movement of toxic PCBs. LiveOcean, Atlantis and the Salish Sea Model are three systems that are changing the game for ecologists and otherresearchers.
TYPES OF ESTUARIES IN PUGET SOUND An estuary is a place where saltwater from the ocean mixes with freshwater from rivers and streams. Technically, this defines all of Puget Sound, but scientists have identified several types of "sub-estuaries" within the water body. These include pocket estuaries (or embayments), tidally-influenced rivers and wetlands and other areas near the shoreline connected with SCIENCE IN THE SPOTLIGHT: EELGRASS RECOVERY The Washington Department of Natural Resources is studying new ways of increasing ecologically important eelgrass habitat in Puget Sound. It is part of the state's effort to boost eelgrass 20% Sound-wide by 2020. So far, recovery of the species has fallen short of that goal, but transplanting efforts are showing promise. INVASIVE MARINE SPECIES: WASHINGTON STATE PRIORITIES The Washington Invasive Species Council evaluated more than 700 invasive species in and around Washington, considering their threats to the state’s environment, economy, and human health. They included terrestrial plants and animals, aquatic plants and animals (both freshwater and saltwater), insects and diseases. In the end, the council listed 50 “priority species” for HOW TO PLAN A CLAM GARDEN In the last several years, the Hul'q'umi'num and W̱SÁNEĆ (formerly Saanich) First Nations have been working with Parks Canada to restore ancient clam gardens in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve in British Columbia.. Now a third Coast Salish nation, the Swinomish tribe in Washington state, is embarking on the first new construction of a clam garden in modern history. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUNDARTICLESSCIENCE REVIEWSPECIESSHORELINE HABITATSMAPSARCHIVED REPORTS Puget Sound Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Recovery Strategy. A 2014 report from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources outlines a recovery strategy for native eelgrass in Puget Sound. The strategy is designed to address a target set forth by the Puget Sound Partnership to increase eelgrass by 20 percent in Puget Sound by 2020. TRIBES OF THE PUGET SOUND AND SALISH SEA REGIONS Non-Federally recognized Native American tribes of the Puget Sound watershed*. Duwamish Tribe. Kikiallus Indian Nation. Marietta Band of Nooksack Tribe. Snohomish Tribe. Snoqualmoo Tribe. Steilacoom Tribe. *Source: Governor's Office of Indian Affairs, State of Washington. ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Clam gardens are part of a suite of marine and terrestrial resource management practices employed by Northwest Coast First Peoples to enhance food production and increase food security. These features were made by constructing rock walls at the low tide line of sheltered, soft-sediment embayments, transforming sloping clam beachesinto more
ANCIENT HARVESTS: A HISTORY OF SALISH SEA HERRING In 2014, an international team released a study that examined 171 archaeological sites spanning the past 10,700 years of human history. Herring were the most numerous fish specimen in 55 percent of the sites and the most commonly found fish, occurring in all but two of the sites, which ranged from Puget Sound to southeast Alaska. COUNTIES | ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUND Counties. There are 13 counties in the Puget Sound watershed. Clallam County. Island County. Jefferson County. King County. Kitsap County. Lewis County. Mason County. HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN PUGET SOUND These toxin effects are the most pronounced during periodic “blooms” when these naturally-occurring species proliferate due to a combination of warm temperatures, sunlight, and nutrient-rich waters. The algae are ingested by shellfish, such as clams, oysters, mussels, and geoduck, which concentrate the toxins. Three types ofHABs in Puget
POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. The jelly eats caprellid amphipods and other small crustaceans which are common on eelgrass, as well as worms and crustaceans from the bottom and small plankton. TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. The body segments have on each side an upper and lower bundle of chitinous bristles (setae), that are able to THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
HOW TO PLAN A CLAM GARDEN In the last several years, the Hul'q'umi'num and W̱SÁNEĆ (formerly Saanich) First Nations have been working with Parks Canada to restore ancient clam gardens in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve in British Columbia.. Now a third Coast Salish nation, the Swinomish tribe in Washington state, is embarking on the first new construction of a clam garden in modern history. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUNDARTICLESSCIENCE REVIEWSPECIESSHORELINE HABITATSMAPSARCHIVED REPORTS Puget Sound Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Recovery Strategy. A 2014 report from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources outlines a recovery strategy for native eelgrass in Puget Sound. The strategy is designed to address a target set forth by the Puget Sound Partnership to increase eelgrass by 20 percent in Puget Sound by 2020. TRIBES OF THE PUGET SOUND AND SALISH SEA REGIONS Non-Federally recognized Native American tribes of the Puget Sound watershed*. Duwamish Tribe. Kikiallus Indian Nation. Marietta Band of Nooksack Tribe. Snohomish Tribe. Snoqualmoo Tribe. Steilacoom Tribe. *Source: Governor's Office of Indian Affairs, State of Washington. ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Clam gardens are part of a suite of marine and terrestrial resource management practices employed by Northwest Coast First Peoples to enhance food production and increase food security. These features were made by constructing rock walls at the low tide line of sheltered, soft-sediment embayments, transforming sloping clam beachesinto more
ANCIENT HARVESTS: A HISTORY OF SALISH SEA HERRING In 2014, an international team released a study that examined 171 archaeological sites spanning the past 10,700 years of human history. Herring were the most numerous fish specimen in 55 percent of the sites and the most commonly found fish, occurring in all but two of the sites, which ranged from Puget Sound to southeast Alaska. COUNTIES | ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUND Counties. There are 13 counties in the Puget Sound watershed. Clallam County. Island County. Jefferson County. King County. Kitsap County. Lewis County. Mason County. HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN PUGET SOUND These toxin effects are the most pronounced during periodic “blooms” when these naturally-occurring species proliferate due to a combination of warm temperatures, sunlight, and nutrient-rich waters. The algae are ingested by shellfish, such as clams, oysters, mussels, and geoduck, which concentrate the toxins. Three types ofHABs in Puget
POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. The jelly eats caprellid amphipods and other small crustaceans which are common on eelgrass, as well as worms and crustaceans from the bottom and small plankton. TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. The body segments have on each side an upper and lower bundle of chitinous bristles (setae), that are able to THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
HOW TO PLAN A CLAM GARDEN In the last several years, the Hul'q'umi'num and W̱SÁNEĆ (formerly Saanich) First Nations have been working with Parks Canada to restore ancient clam gardens in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve in British Columbia.. Now a third Coast Salish nation, the Swinomish tribe in Washington state, is embarking on the first new construction of a clam garden in modern history. MAJOR PORTS IN PUGET SOUND: FACT SHEET Tacoma. The Port of Tacoma was created in 1918 on Commencement Bay, in South Puget Sound. The port is often known as the "Gateway to Alaska". Stats: International and domestic trade totaled over $49 billion in 2012 ( source) Top export commodity was oils, seeds and grains, top import was industrial machinery. ( source) "SOUNDERS" ARRIVE AS GRAY WHALES DECLINE ALONG THE COAST Each spring, about a dozen gray whales make a brief detour into the Salish Sea before heading north to their feeding grounds in the Arctic. Biologists dubbed these whales "Sounders" after first noting their presence in the 1990s, and the whales have become rare but widely anticipated visitors to local waters. The whales were spotted again this year, but biologists have CONGENITAL DISEASES IN HARBOR SEALS FROM THE SALISH SEA Postmortem data for harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsii) in the Salish Sea were analyzed for epidemiologic trends in congenital diseases.Cleft palate, cleft lips, or both (n=8) and cardiac defects (n=5) were the most common congenital abnormalities, followed by cases with multiple defects (n=4).No temporal trends or spatial clusters of cases were seen from 2003 to 2019, during which time TRENDS IN PROPELLER STRIKE-INDUCED MORTALITY IN HARBOR An article published in the Journal of Wildlife Diseases in 2021 describes research documenting injuries among harbor seals in the Salish Sea caused by boat propeller strikes. The number of strikes increased significantly between 2002 and 2019, as did vessel traffic.TULALIP TRIBES
The Tulalip reservation is located near Marysville, Washington. It was created after the Point Elliott Treaty of 1855, and currently has a population of 2,500 members. The entire tribal population is approximately 4,000 and growing. Tulalip Tribes Area of Concern:NEOTAMIAS MINIMUS
The least chipmunk is the smallest and most widely distributed North American chipmunk. It occurs in a variety of habitats, from coniferous forests to meadows to sagebrush desert, feeding primarily on seeds but also eating flowers, buds, leaves, grasses, fungi, and even insects,eggs, and carrion.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES WILL TARGET PUGET SOUND ‘VITAL New EPA-funded Implementation Strategies are designed to target Puget Sound recovery in the most direct and coordinated way ever conducted by state and federal agencies. We report on how these strategies will affect Puget Sound’s Vital Signs for years to come, and why you should care (a lot). DOES PUGET SOUND NEED A DIET? CONCERNS GROW OVER NUTRIENTS As the region's population grows, scientists say we can expect to see increasing amounts of nitrogen and other elements flowing into Puget Sound. Known as “nutrients” these elements are naturally occurring and even necessary for life, but officials worry that nutrients from wastewater and other human sources are tipping the balance. That could mean big problems for fish and11. HARBOR SEALS
Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are found throughout temperate and arctic waters of the northern hemisphere, and inhabit coastal and estuarine waters along the eastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California north to the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea (Carretta et al. 2004, Carretta et al. 2007) .Harbor seals are found throughout the nearshore waters of Washington including Hood Canal, Puget SoundULVA INTESTINALIS
Ulva intestinalis is a conspicuous bright grass-green seaweed, consisting of inflated irregularly constricted, tubular fronds that grow from a small discoid base. Fronds are typically unbranched. Fronds may be 10-30 cm or more in length and 6-18 mm in diameter, the tips of which are usually rounded. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUNDARTICLESSCIENCE REVIEWSPECIESSHORELINE HABITATSMAPSARCHIVED REPORTSMAP OF PUGET SOUND WATERS An article published in the Journal of Wildlife Diseases in 2021 describes trends in birth defects among harbor seals in the Salish Sea from 2003 to 2019.The results suggest a level of congenital disease in this harbor seal population that is important for continuedmonitoring.
TRIBES OF THE PUGET SOUND AND SALISH SEA REGIONS The following list includes Native American tribes and First Nations of the Salish Sea region. ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Amy S. Groesbeck School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada amysue72@gmail.com Kirsten Rowell Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States of America rowellk@u.washington.edu Dana Lepofsky Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. ANCIENT HARVESTS: A HISTORY OF SALISH SEA HERRING Scientists believe that herring have been a staple of Salish Sea food and culture since humans first arrived here at least 12,500 years ago. That importance has continued into modern times, even as herring numbers have declined in parts of the region. TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN PUGET SOUND An algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in a water system. While most are innocuous, there are a small number of algae species that produce harmful toxins to THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
11. HARBOR SEALS
Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are found throughout temperate and arctic waters of the northern hemisphere, and inhabit coastal and estuarine waters along the eastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California north to the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea (Carretta et al. 2004, Carretta et al. 2007) .Harbor seals are found throughout the nearshore waters of Washington including Hood Canal, Puget Sound HOW TO PLAN A CLAM GARDEN In the last several years, the Hul'q'umi'num and W̱SÁNEĆ (formerly Saanich) First Nations have been working with Parks Canada to restore ancient clam gardens in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve in British Columbia.. Now a third Coast Salish nation, the Swinomish tribe in Washington state, is embarking on the first new construction of a clam garden in modern history. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUNDARTICLESSCIENCE REVIEWSPECIESSHORELINE HABITATSMAPSARCHIVED REPORTSMAP OF PUGET SOUND WATERS An article published in the Journal of Wildlife Diseases in 2021 describes trends in birth defects among harbor seals in the Salish Sea from 2003 to 2019.The results suggest a level of congenital disease in this harbor seal population that is important for continuedmonitoring.
TRIBES OF THE PUGET SOUND AND SALISH SEA REGIONS The following list includes Native American tribes and First Nations of the Salish Sea region. ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Amy S. Groesbeck School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada amysue72@gmail.com Kirsten Rowell Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States of America rowellk@u.washington.edu Dana Lepofsky Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. ANCIENT HARVESTS: A HISTORY OF SALISH SEA HERRING Scientists believe that herring have been a staple of Salish Sea food and culture since humans first arrived here at least 12,500 years ago. That importance has continued into modern times, even as herring numbers have declined in parts of the region. TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN PUGET SOUND An algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in a water system. While most are innocuous, there are a small number of algae species that produce harmful toxins to THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
11. HARBOR SEALS
Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are found throughout temperate and arctic waters of the northern hemisphere, and inhabit coastal and estuarine waters along the eastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California north to the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea (Carretta et al. 2004, Carretta et al. 2007) .Harbor seals are found throughout the nearshore waters of Washington including Hood Canal, Puget Sound HOW TO PLAN A CLAM GARDEN In the last several years, the Hul'q'umi'num and W̱SÁNEĆ (formerly Saanich) First Nations have been working with Parks Canada to restore ancient clam gardens in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve in British Columbia.. Now a third Coast Salish nation, the Swinomish tribe in Washington state, is embarking on the first new construction of a clam garden in modern history. MAJOR PORTS IN PUGET SOUND: FACT SHEET The following fact sheet represents economic and environmental activities of major ports in the Puget Sound region. This is a living document and may be updated as new information becomes available. "SOUNDERS" ARRIVE AS GRAY WHALES DECLINE ALONG THE COAST Each spring, about a dozen gray whales make a brief detour into the Salish Sea before heading north to their feeding grounds in the Arctic. Biologists dubbed these whales "Sounders" after first noting their presence in the 1990s, and the whales have become rare but widely anticipated visitors to local waters. The whales were spotted again this year, but biologists have CONGENITAL DISEASES IN HARBOR SEALS FROM THE SALISH SEA Postmortem data for harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsii) in the Salish Sea were analyzed for epidemiologic trends in congenital diseases.Cleft palate, cleft lips, or both (n=8) and cardiac defects (n=5) were the most common congenital abnormalities, followed by cases with multiple defects (n=4).No temporal trends or spatial clusters of cases were seen from 2003 to 2019, during which time TRENDS IN PROPELLER STRIKE-INDUCED MORTALITY IN HARBOR An article published in the Journal of Wildlife Diseases in 2021 describes research documenting injuries among harbor seals in the Salish Sea caused by boat propeller strikes. The number of strikes increased significantly between 2002 and 2019, as did vessel traffic. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES WILL TARGET PUGET SOUND ‘VITAL New EPA-funded Implementation Strategies are designed to target Puget Sound recovery in the most direct and coordinated way ever conducted by state and federal agencies. We report on how these strategies will affect Puget Sound’s Vital Signs for years to come, and why you should care (a lot).TULALIP TRIBES
The Tulalip reservation is located near Marysville, Washington. It was created after the Point Elliott Treaty of 1855, and currently has a population of 2,500 members. The entire tribal population is approximately 4,000 and growing. Tulalip Tribes Area of Concern:7. ROCKFISH
Many aspects of the ecology and biology of rockfish germane to their management in Puget Sound are not well understood. For example, ecological interactions such as predation may play important roles in determining the success of management strategies (e.g., Beaudreau and Essington 2007, Harvey et al. 2008), while demographic parameters such as age structure of populations (Berkeley et al DOES PUGET SOUND NEED A DIET? CONCERNS GROW OVER NUTRIENTS As the region's population grows, scientists say we can expect to see increasing amounts of nitrogen and other elements flowing into Puget Sound. Known as “nutrients” these elements are naturally occurring and even necessary for life, but officials worry that nutrients from wastewater and other human sources are tipping the balance. That could mean big problems for fish and11. HARBOR SEALS
Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are found throughout temperate and arctic waters of the northern hemisphere, and inhabit coastal and estuarine waters along the eastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California north to the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea (Carretta et al. 2004, Carretta et al. 2007) .Harbor seals are found throughout the nearshore waters of Washington including Hood Canal, Puget SoundULVA INTESTINALIS
Ulva intestinalis is a conspicuous bright grass-green seaweed, consisting of inflated irregularly constricted, tubular fronds that grow from a small discoid base. Skip to main contentSEARCH FORM
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WASHINGTON STATE AQUATIC RESERVES Eight aquatic reserves, managed by the Washington Department of Natural Resources, have been established to protect important ecosystems on state aquatic lands. In most reserves, area residents work with state, local and tribal officials and nonprofit groups to develop and carry out management plans, including scientific research. The aquatic reserves in the order they were established include:* Maury Island 2004
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RECENT ARTICLES
4/28/2020
VOICES UNBOUND: ENVIRO-AMPLIFY What do people really mean when they talk about the environment? A new podcast asks regular citizens a simple, but charged question: "What are the environmental challenges that are most important to you?" The answers to that question drive this engaging podcast in sometimes unexpected directions, from the environmental impacts of being homeless, to air quality, to wide-ranging discussions about environmental justice. Social science , Environmental justice4/18/2020
EARTH DAY EVENTS GO ONLINE BECAUSE OF VIRUS Participants in this year’s Earth Day activities won’t be rallying in large groups, participating in environmental festivals or coming together to clean up the Earth. On the 50th anniversary of Earth Day — April 21st — the environmental movement will be uniquely digital, with many people celebrating from their home computers.__
Climate change , Water quality , Healthy human population , Human quality of life , Species andfood webs
4/9/2020
PATHOGENS PREVENTION REDUCTION AND CONTROL 5-6 (PC-00J88801) FINALREPORT
The Pathogens Prevention Reduction and Control agreement between the Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington State Department of Health focuses on the prevention and reduction of pathogen pollution in Puget Sound through the management of human and animal waste. The primary objectives of the agreement include restoring shellfish growing areas, avoiding shellfish closures, and protecting people fromdisease.
Water quality , Invertebrates , Nearshore habitat , National Estuary Program , Vital Signs , Bivalves , Shellfish , Monitoring , Sewage and fecal pollution ,Disease
4/2/2020
EYES OVER PUGET SOUND: SURFACE CONDITIONS REPORT - MARCH 16, 2020 After a wet January, precipitation has been low and air temperatures have been cooler. As a result, rivers gages are lower than expected, a pattern that has continued since last year. In March we approached the coldest water temperatures of the year. Herring are spawning in Port Madison. Although these cool temperatures are good for herring, temperatures are close to the survival limits for anchovies. If you can handle these temperatures, now is a good time to go diving to benefit of good underwater visibility, just avoid windy days near wave-exposed beaches. If you are lucky, you might see the kelp humpback shrimp, a master of camouflage. Water quality , Algae , Fishes , Marine habitat , Nearshore habitat , Estuarine habitat , Monitoring , Herring ,Forage fish
3/20/2020
SOCIAL SCIENTISTS ANALYZE PUBLIC REACTIONS TO ORCA CRISIS Social scientists at Oregon State University have been analyzing a trove of more than 17,000 public comments sent to the Washington state governor's southern resident orca recovery task force. The researchers have added the comments to a keyword database to look at public emotions and perceptions around the issue of orca declines. Social science , Species and food webs , Mammals , Marine habitat , Nearshore habitat , Killer whales , Species of concern3/17/2020
A CONVERSATION WITH "OCEAN OUTBREAK" AUTHOR DREW HARVELL When Cornell University ecologist Drew Harvell wrote her book "Ocean Outbreak," she couldn't have known that 2020 would be the year of COVID-19. But even as people around the world grapple with the effects of that disease, scientists are keeping watch on potential disasters from viruses and other pathogens for species in the world's oceans. As the oceans warm due to climate change, scientists expect incidences of disease to increase in marine ecosystems including the Salish Sea. We asked Harvell about her new book and the need to address this risingchallenge.
Climate change , Species and food webs , Marine habitat , Nearshore habitat , Disease3/13/2020
DIGGING THE MIGHTY GEODUCK: A HISTORY OF PUGET SOUND'S 'BOSS CLAM' The geoduck has earned an honored place as Puget Sound's largest and most distinctive native clam, but how much do we really know about it? Often seen as a culinary curiosity, the geoduck has only been commercially harvested on a large scale since the 1970s, and the clam's current popularity is based mostly on demand from Asian markets. Nevertheless, this deep-burrowing mollusk has always been a signature part of the Salish Sea ecosystem. Species and food webs , Invertebrates , Nearshore habitat , Salish Sea , Bivalves , Shellfish , Implementation Strategies, Tribes
3/10/2020
VIRUS RELATED TO MEASLES COULD PUSH PUGET SOUND ORCAS TO EXTINCTION,STUDY SAYS
Researchers studying the killer whales that frequent Puget Sound are growing increasingly concerned that a dangerous virus or other disease-causing organism could spread through the population and hasten extinction of these critically endangered southern residentorcas.
Species and food webs , Mammals , Marine habitat , Vital Signs , Disease , Killer whales , Species of concern3/5/2020
WARMING OCEAN CONDITIONS FUEL VIRUSES AMONG SPECIES IN THE SALISH SEA As officials struggle to track and contain the outbreak of the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19, ecologists say widespread impacts from viruses and other pathogens are also a growing threat to the species of the Salish Sea ecosystem. Climate change , Species and food webs , Fishes , Marine habitat , Vital Signs , Sea-star wasting disease , Disease , Salmonids , Species of concern2/26/2020
PUGET SOUND'S 'WARM SNOW’ MAKES REGION VULNERABLE TO CLIMATE SHIFTS Climate models project that if carbon emmisions continue as they are now, the vast majority of watersheds feeding Puget Sound will receive more rain and far less snow by 2080, causing increased flooding and other dramatic changes to the freshwater ecosystem. We look at the past and possible future of the region's snowpack and what this might mean for salmon and other species — including humans. Climate change , Physical environment , Water quantity , Fishes , Freshwater habitat , Terrestrial habitat , Summer stream flows , Implementation Strategies , Salmonids , Species of concern1/14/2020
AIR CONTAMINANTS, SUCH AS MERCURY AND PCBS, UNDERMINE THE HEALTH OFPUGET SOUND
High levels of mercury and other toxic chemicals are showing up in seemingly remote and pristine parts of the Puget Sound watershed, the result of atmospheric deposition. Scientists talk about a “dome” of pollution hanging over urban areas, leading to a never-ending cycle of persistent compounds working their way through the air, onto the land and into the water. Species and food webs , Birds , Fishes , Invertebrates , Marine habitat , Freshwater habitat , Estuarine habitat , Toxic contaminants , Salish Sea , Implementation Strategies , Food web , Contaminants of emerging concern , Persistent contaminants , Stormwater , Monitoring1/7/2020
EYES OVER PUGET SOUND: 2019 YEAR IN REVIEW The Washington State Department of Ecology has prepared a summary review of its Eyes Over Puget Sound surface condition reports from 2019. The year started with snow, and a summer drought kept river flows low. As a result, salinities in Puget Sound were elevated year round. Warmer surface water temperatures in spring gradually extended to greater depth by late summer. The spring bloom was strong, and South Sound provided optimal conditions for anchovies that showed up in high numbers. A coccolithophore bloom stained Hood Canal turquoise, and Port Angeles and Discovery Bay were colored red-brown by strong blooms. _Noctiluca_ and macroalgae, both known eutrophication indicators in coastal regions, were abundant in Central Sound, and extended into South Sound and Whidbey Basin. Large numbers of jellyfish occurred in Quartermaster Harbor, Sinclair Inlet, and partsof Orcas Island.
Water quantity , Water quality , Algae , Fishes , Marine habitat , EyesOver Puget Sound
1/5/2020
STATUS AND TRENDS OF HARBOR PORPOISES IN THE SALISH SEA Harbor porpoises declined dramatically in the Salish Sea in the 1970s but their populations have since rebounded, increasing by more than 10% per year in recent decades. A 2020 report for the Encyclopedia of Puget Sound examines harbor porpoise status and trends, natural history and recent policy considerations for the species. Species and food webs , Mammals , Marine habitat , Estuarine habitat , Harbor porpoise, Salish Sea
12/15/2019
RATE OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION MAY ACCELERATE, SCIENTISTS WARN Last summer, scientists met at the University of Washington to address alarming findings concerning the rapid acidification of the world's oceans. Experts at that symposium warned that wildlife in the Salish Sea, from salmon to shellfish, may start to see significant effects from changing water chemistry within the next 10 to 20 years. This article summarizes the symposium's key findings and was commissioned and edited by the Washington Ocean Acidification Center which hosted the gathering. Funds for the article were provided by the Washington state legislature. __ Climate change , Water quality , Species and food webs , Algae , Fishes , Invertebrates , Marine habitat , Ocean acidification , Dungeness crabs , Salmonids , Shellfish , Bivalves , Zooplankton , Herring , Eelgrass12/6/2019
A HEALTH CHECK FOR SEABIRDS Scientists are still trying to understand what caused the deaths of thousands of rhinoceros auklets in the Salish Sea in 2016. Some studies point to disease as a central factor in that incident and potentially other large seabird die-offs along the coast. That is prompting a deeper look at what makes these birds sick, and how local populations are faring. We followed a group of researchers as they gave a health checkup to a breeding colony of rhinoceros auklets onProtection Island.
Species and food webs , Birds , Marine habitat , Nearshore habitat , Aquatic reserves , Oil spills , Vital Signs , Salish Sea , Marine birds , Implementation Strategies , Disease , Monitoring12/5/2019
GENETIC COMPOSITION AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT IN THE SAN JUAN ISLANDS, WASHINGTON The watersheds of Washington’s San Juan Islands were thought to be too small to support wild salmonid populations, and many streams flow only seasonally. But a 2019 article in the journal _Conservation Genetics_ reports that at least five watersheds in the region support populations of coastal cutthroat trout (_Oncorhynchus clarki clarki_). Genetic analysis of the cutthroat trout in three of the watersheds suggest two support native populations. The findings are important for understanding the conservation status of these previously unknownpopulations.
Species and food webs , Fishes , Nearshore habitat , Freshwater habitat , Watersheds , Salish Sea , Salmonids12/3/2019
2019 STATE OF THE SOUND REPORT The 2019 State of the Sound is the Puget Sound Partnership’s sixth biennial report to the Legislature on progress toward the recovery of Puget Sound by 2020. The document reports on both the status of the Partnership's recovery efforts and the status of a suite of ecosystemindicators.
Ecosystem-based management , State of the Sound , Selected publications11/25/2019
EYES OVER PUGET SOUND: SURFACE CONDITIONS REPORT - OCTOBER 30, 2019 After a dry early summer followed by more than expected rain, rivers mostly remained lower than in 2018. In October air temperatures dropped, but water temperatures remained warm enough for spawning anchovies in South and Central Sound and herring and salmon optimal growth in Whidbey Basin. By the end of October many red-brown blooms vanished, yet the waters of South Sound are still green, adorned with rafts of organic debris in many places. Read what happened the year before in the Puget Sound Marine Waters 2018 Overview. Water quantity , Water quality , Algae , Fishes , Marine habitat , Marine debris , Eyes Over Puget Sound , Jellyfish11/21/2019
KELP CRISIS? DECLINE OF UNDERWATER FORESTS RAISES ALARMS They rival tropical forests in their richness and diversity, but Puget Sound's kelp beds have declined steeply in recent decades. Scientists are just starting to understand the extent of these losses. What they are finding is bringing kelp to the forefront of Puget Sound's environmental concerns. Climate change , Species and food webs , Algae , Marine habitat , Kelp , Salish Sea , Implementation Strategies , Food web , Rockfish , Monitoring , Tribes11/13/2019
2018 PUGET SOUND MARINE WATERS OVERVIEW A new report from the Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program says climate change altered the base of Puget Sound's food web in 2018, diminishing microscopic phytoplankton necessary for marine life. Scientists also observed lower abundances of fish, seabirds, andmarine mammals.
Climate change , Water quality , Species and food webs , Algae , Birds , Mammals , Fishes , Invertebrates , Marine habitat , Estuarine habitat , Nearshore habitat , Marine birds , Circulation , Bivalves , Forage fish , Monitoring , Hypoxia , Herring , MarineWaters Overview
11/5/2019
THE OCCURRENCE OF HEAVY METALS IN HARBOR SEALS OF THE SAN JUAN ISLANDS A 2019 article in the _Journal of Wildlife Diseases_ looked at trace element concentrations of heavy metals in the livers of harbor seals that died and stranded in the San Juan Islands. The study indicated exposure to trace elements (naturally occurring, human-introduced, or both) in the Salish Sea; however, the study reports that trace element toxicity is not a major threat to harbor seal health. Species and food webs , Mammals , Marine habitat , Nearshore habitat , Toxic contaminants , Harbor seals , Salish Sea10/24/2019
STATUS AND TRENDS FOR WEST COAST TRANSIENT (BIGG’S) KILLER WHALES INTHE SALISH SEA
Officially known as West Coast transients but increasingly referred to as Bigg’s killer whales, these marine mammal-eating orcas (_Orcinus orca_) are spending increasing time in the Salish Sea to consume their marine mammal prey including harbor seals, Steller sea lions, and harbor and Dall’s porpoise. They range from Southeast Alaska to California, but over the last 15 years more members of the population are spending increasing time in the inland waters of Washington State and British Columbia (Houghton et al. 2015, Shields et al. 2018). They have no predators (except perhaps occasionally other Bigg’s killer whales - see Towers et al. 2018), but are at risk from anthropogenic effects, including toxics and noise pollution (Ford et al. 2007). Species and food webs , Mammals , Marine habitat , Salish Sea , Killer whales10/21/2019
ENHANCING THE RESILIENCE OF PUGET SOUND RECOVERY: A PATH THROUGH THE MAZE OF RESILIENCE THINKING A 2019 report from the University of Washington Puget Sound Institute examines the application of 'resilience thinking' to Puget Sound protection and restoration. Adaptive management , Resilience10/21/2019
COASTLINES AND COMMUNITIES: A PRELIMINARY GLANCE AT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHORELINE ARMORING AND SENSE OF PLACE IN PUGET SOUND A 2019 report from Oregon State University examines how community members, including non-property owners, value shorelines in Puget Sound. The report emphasizes the impacts of shoreline armoring on survey respondents' sense of place in the region. Social science , Human quality of life , Nearshore habitat , Shoreline armoring10/18/2019
TRACKING THE TRASH: INSIDE A MARINE DEBRIS SURVEY Volunteer researchers are tracking the plastic and other debris washing up on Puget Sound's beaches. They hope the data can be used to protect sea creatures from the growing amounts of trash littering the world's oceans. ___ _ Water quality , Species and food webs , Birds , Nearshore habitat , Marine debris , Salish Sea , Marine birds10/14/2019
HISTORY OF UW OCEANOGRAPHY BY EUGENE COLLIAS Notes and biography about the history of the department of oceanography at the University of Washington (1903-1980) as reported by oceanagrapher Eugene Collias. Report courtesy of the Colliasestate.
Marine habitat , Estuarine habitat , Nearshore habitat , Selected publications , Other, History
9/26/2019
EYES OVER PUGET SOUND: SURFACE CONDITIONS REPORT - SEPTEMBER 12, 2019 This year, air temperatures were warmer than in previous years, and this pattern is predicted to continue. Precipitation was low and is now improving, yet river flows remain low. By August, Puget Sound surface water temperatures were 0.6 °C warmer across all regions; this could have shifted the timing of optimal temperatures for some marine organisms. In September, blooms are limited to inlets. Jellyfish are abundant in Sinclair Inlet, and anchovies reside in Eld Inlet. Macroalgae are still plentiful. Learn about the benefits of beach wrack and a DNA barcoding project supported by Ecology. Water quantity , Water quality , Algae , Fishes , Marine habitat , Eyes Over Puget Sound , Jellyfish , Shoreline armoring , Forage fish , Monitoring9/25/2019
'EARLY MIGRATION GENE' TIED TO UNIQUE POPULATION OF CHINOOK Spring and fall Chinook salmon were thought to be alike until researchers discovered a gene for early migration. Now, federal biologists and legal experts are struggling to decide if spring Chinook should be granted their own legal protection under the Endangered Species Act. Species and food webs , Fishes , Marine habitat , Estuarine habitat , Nearshore habitat , Freshwater habitat , Salish Sea Currents magazine , Salmonids , Tribes , Traditional ecological knowledge9/24/2019
OF RATFISH, LOCH NESS MONSTERS AND STUFFED SHARKS: A CONVERSATION WITH THE AUTHORS OF THE BOOK “FISHES OF THE SALISH SEA” The first comprehensive guide to the fishes of the Salish Sea is the culmination of more than 40 years of research by University of Washington authors Ted Pietsch and Jay Orr. The new, three-volume set includes descriptions and illustrations for every fish species known to have been documented within the Salish Sea, all gathered from an exhaustive search of libraries, aquariums, fish collections and evenone restaurant.
Fishes , Marine habitat , Estuarine habitat , Nearshore habitat , Salish Sea8/21/2019
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN TERRESTRIAL, FRESHWATER, AND MARINE HABITATS Freshwater habitat in the Puget Sound region consists of rivers, marshes, streams, lakes and ponds that do not have any saltwater input. Many species depend on these freshwater resources, including salmon, salamanders, frogs, and beavers. Physical environment , Freshwater habitat ,Terrestrial habitat
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