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GHRC/USA HOME
There are an estimated 1.5 million Guatemalans in the United States, many who came out of necessity, risking their lives to seek employment opportunities and send support home to their families. GHRC focuses on the root causes of migration, and the tremendous impact of migration on the economy, family, culture and community of the Guatemalan RIO NEGRO MASSACRES « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Rio Negro Massacres. Five massacres occurred in the Rio Negro (“Black River”) communities between 1980 and 1982. The people of Rio Negro (named after the nearby river) had occupied the region since the classic Mayan age and owned 1,440 hectares of land. During the energy crisis of the 1970’s the Guatemalan government looked forlocal
DIANNA ORTIZ MEMORIAL « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Dianna worked at the Guatemala Human Rights Commission from 1994 to 2002. A survivor of torture in Guatemala, Dianna bravely pursued her case through the Guatemalan court system in the early 90s, to no avail, and bravely continued fighting for the rights of survivors of torture, founding the Torture Abolition and Survivor’s Support Coalition in 1998, as a project of GHRC. NO RELIEF IN SIGHT: PRESIDENT ALEJANDRO GIAMATTEI APPEARS January 15, 2020. GHRC. President-elect Alejandro Giammattei took office yesterday in Guatemala City. He was never expected to win. After three unsuccessful presidential bids, Giammattei made the runoff Presidential election in August by just one percentage point and only after three candidates had been eliminated through legal actions. GENOCIDE IN THE IXIL TRIANGLE « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS The result was bloodshed and suffering on an unimaginable scale: massacres, assassinations, torture, rape, burning of homes and crops, and the complete eradication of villages. Between 70 and 90% of Ixil villages were razed between 1981 and 1983 and thousands of innocent men, women and children were killed– an estimated 5.5% of the entire DOS ERRES MASSACRE « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Dos Erres Massacre. In December 1982, during the de facto administration of Ríos Montt, approximately 300 residents of Dos Erres, Libertad, Petén were murdered by the Guatemalan military’s special Kaibil Unit. Of those killed 113 were children under the age of 14. The soldiers began with babies, throwing them down wells in thetown.
MURDER OF MYRNA MACK « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Myrna Mack Chang was a Maya/Chinese anthropologist who researched human rights violations of internally displaced populations during Guatemala’s armed conflict. As a result of her outspoken criticism of the government, she was stabbed to death as she left her office in Guatemala City on September 11, 1990. In 1991 Helen Mack pursued THREE-THOUSAND AND COUNTING, A REPORT ON VIOLENCE AGAINST Three thousand and Counting: A Report on Violence Against Women in Guatemala • At the Morgue • In May 2007, a mother of two small children left her house in Guatemala City to look FACT SHEET TEMPORARY PROTECTED STATUS FOR GUATEMALANS 3321 12th Street NE Washington, DC 20017-4008 Tel: (202) 529-6599 Fax: (202) 526-4611 www.ghrc-usa.org Fact Sheet Guatemalans are in urgentneed of TPS due to
GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Human Rights Defenders Attend Public Hearing to Halt Eviction Order. For almost two hundred years, an indigenous Q’eqchi community has called Plan Grande in El Estor, Izabal home. In 2016, two agribusiness companies, CXI and Inversiones Cobra, tried to evict 46 families from their land, claiming the residents were invading their property.GHRC/USA HOME
There are an estimated 1.5 million Guatemalans in the United States, many who came out of necessity, risking their lives to seek employment opportunities and send support home to their families. GHRC focuses on the root causes of migration, and the tremendous impact of migration on the economy, family, culture and community of the Guatemalan RIO NEGRO MASSACRES « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Rio Negro Massacres. Five massacres occurred in the Rio Negro (“Black River”) communities between 1980 and 1982. The people of Rio Negro (named after the nearby river) had occupied the region since the classic Mayan age and owned 1,440 hectares of land. During the energy crisis of the 1970’s the Guatemalan government looked forlocal
DIANNA ORTIZ MEMORIAL « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Dianna worked at the Guatemala Human Rights Commission from 1994 to 2002. A survivor of torture in Guatemala, Dianna bravely pursued her case through the Guatemalan court system in the early 90s, to no avail, and bravely continued fighting for the rights of survivors of torture, founding the Torture Abolition and Survivor’s Support Coalition in 1998, as a project of GHRC. NO RELIEF IN SIGHT: PRESIDENT ALEJANDRO GIAMATTEI APPEARS January 15, 2020. GHRC. President-elect Alejandro Giammattei took office yesterday in Guatemala City. He was never expected to win. After three unsuccessful presidential bids, Giammattei made the runoff Presidential election in August by just one percentage point and only after three candidates had been eliminated through legal actions. GENOCIDE IN THE IXIL TRIANGLE « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS The result was bloodshed and suffering on an unimaginable scale: massacres, assassinations, torture, rape, burning of homes and crops, and the complete eradication of villages. Between 70 and 90% of Ixil villages were razed between 1981 and 1983 and thousands of innocent men, women and children were killed– an estimated 5.5% of the entire DOS ERRES MASSACRE « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Dos Erres Massacre. In December 1982, during the de facto administration of Ríos Montt, approximately 300 residents of Dos Erres, Libertad, Petén were murdered by the Guatemalan military’s special Kaibil Unit. Of those killed 113 were children under the age of 14. The soldiers began with babies, throwing them down wells in thetown.
MURDER OF MYRNA MACK « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Myrna Mack Chang was a Maya/Chinese anthropologist who researched human rights violations of internally displaced populations during Guatemala’s armed conflict. As a result of her outspoken criticism of the government, she was stabbed to death as she left her office in Guatemala City on September 11, 1990. In 1991 Helen Mack pursued THREE-THOUSAND AND COUNTING, A REPORT ON VIOLENCE AGAINST Three thousand and Counting: A Report on Violence Against Women in Guatemala • At the Morgue • In May 2007, a mother of two small children left her house in Guatemala City to look FACT SHEET TEMPORARY PROTECTED STATUS FOR GUATEMALANS 3321 12th Street NE Washington, DC 20017-4008 Tel: (202) 529-6599 Fax: (202) 526-4611 www.ghrc-usa.org Fact Sheet Guatemalans are in urgentneed of TPS due to
GHRC/USA HOME
There are an estimated 1.5 million Guatemalans in the United States, many who came out of necessity, risking their lives to seek employment opportunities and send support home to their families. GHRC focuses on the root causes of migration, and the tremendous impact of migration on the economy, family, culture and community of the Guatemalan HISTORY AND TIMELINE « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION History and Timeline. The Guatemala Human Rights Commission/USA (GHRC) was founded in 1982 amid the turmoil of Guatemala’s internal armed conflict. Founder Sister Alice Zachmann, SSND, first traveled to Guatemala in 1975, and again in 1979, where she was struck by the incredible levels of poverty and discrimination among Guatemala’speoples.
DIANNA ORTIZ MEMORIAL « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Dianna worked at the Guatemala Human Rights Commission from 1994 to 2002. A survivor of torture in Guatemala, Dianna bravely pursued her case through the Guatemalan court system in the early 90s, to no avail, and bravely continued fighting for the rights of survivors of torture, founding the Torture Abolition and Survivor’s Support Coalition in 1998, as a project of GHRC. ASSASSINATION OF BISHOP GERARDI « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS Assassination of Bishop Gerardi. Before his death in 1998, Roman Catholic Archbishop and human rights defender Juan José Gerardi Conedera was one of the strongest voices speaking out against the atrocities committed during the internal armed conflict. Following the January 1980 burning of the Spanish Embassy which resulted in thedeath of some
HISTORY OF GUATEMALA 1844-65 - Guatemala ruled by conservative dictator Rafael Carrera. 1873-85 - Guatemala ruled by liberal President Justo Rufino Barrios, who modernizes the country, develops the army and introduces coffee growing. 1931 - Jorge Ubico becomes president; his tenure is marked by repressive rule and then by an improvement in the country's finances. GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION / USA FACT SHEET DRUG Drug Trafficking in Guatemala Guatemala Human Rights Commission / USA Fact Sheet Key Facts on the Drug Trade in Guatemala: Nearly 400 metric tons of cocaine - 75% of the total amount arriving in the US - passes through Guatemala each year. GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION / USA FACT SHEET GANGS Gangs in Guatemala Guatemala Human Rights Commission / USA Fact Sheet Key Facts on Youth Gangs in Guatemala: There are an estimated 8,000-14,000 gang members in Guatemala. Additionally, the National Civil Police estimate that there are 30,000 GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION/USA VOL 18 NO 4/MARCH … Guatemala Human Rights Commission/USA Vol 18 No 4/March 10, 2006 Authorities Raid Community Radio Associations (From an article in Cultural Survival) On the morn-ing of March 2, Guatemalan authoritiesillegally
GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION / USA Femicide 3321 12th Street NE Washington, DC 20017-4008 Tel: (202) 529-6599 www.ghrc-usa.org See GHRC’s report entitled “Guatemala’s Femicide Law: Progress Against Impunity,” which can PROGRESS AGAINST IMPUNITY? GUATEMALA‘S FEMICIDE LAW Guatemala’s Femicide Law 3 Nations, resulted in the rape, torture, and murder of tens of thousands of Guatemalan women and girls. The warirrevocably damaged
GHRC/USA HOME
There are an estimated 1.5 million Guatemalans in the United States, many who came out of necessity, risking their lives to seek employment opportunities and send support home to their families. GHRC focuses on the root causes of migration, and the tremendous impact of migration on the economy, family, culture and community of the GuatemalanASYLUM SUPPORT
Asylum Support . The Asylum Support Program provides information vital to political asylum cases including written affidavits and expertwitness testimony.
NO RELIEF IN SIGHT: PRESIDENT ALEJANDRO GIAMATTEI APPEARS January 15, 2020. GHRC. President-elect Alejandro Giammattei took office yesterday in Guatemala City. He was never expected to win. After three unsuccessful presidential bids, Giammattei made the runoff Presidential election in August by just one percentage point and only after three candidates had been eliminated through legal actions. FOR WOMEN'S RIGHT TO LIVE Since 2000, over 3,000 Guatemalan women have been murdered, many of them first abducted and subjected to brutal sexual violence, mutilation, and torture. These gender-based, barbaric crimes have been characterized as “femicides.”. Amnesty International places most of the victims between the ages of 16-36 and identifies them asstudents
GENOCIDE IN THE IXIL TRIANGLE « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS The result was bloodshed and suffering on an unimaginable scale: massacres, assassinations, torture, rape, burning of homes and crops, and the complete eradication of villages. Between 70 and 90% of Ixil villages were razed between 1981 and 1983 and thousands of innocent men, women and children were killed– an estimated 5.5% of the entire RIO NEGRO MASSACRES « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Rio Negro Massacres. Five massacres occurred in the Rio Negro (“Black River”) communities between 1980 and 1982. The people of Rio Negro (named after the nearby river) had occupied the region since the classic Mayan age and owned 1,440 hectares of land. During the energy crisis of the 1970’s the Guatemalan government looked forlocal
THREE-THOUSAND AND COUNTING, A REPORT ON VIOLENCE AGAINST Three thousand and Counting: A Report on Violence Against Women in Guatemala • At the Morgue • In May 2007, a mother of two small children left her house in Guatemala City to look HISTORY OF GUATEMALA 1844-65 - Guatemala ruled by conservative dictator Rafael Carrera. 1873-85 - Guatemala ruled by liberal President Justo Rufino Barrios, who modernizes the country, develops the army and introduces coffee growing. 1931 - Jorge Ubico becomes president; his tenure is marked by repressive rule and then by an improvement in the country's finances.ABOUT GUATEMALA
About Guatemala. Guatemala Historical Timeline. Daily Headlines. News Archive. Important Cases. Timeline of the Life and Trial of Bishop Juan Gerardi. Gold Corp and Mining in San Marcos. Fast Facts on Guatemala. Fact Sheets on Human Rights and Related Themes. GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION / USA Femicide 3321 12th Street NE Washington, DC 20017-4008 Tel: (202) 529-6599 www.ghrc-usa.org See GHRC’s report entitled “Guatemala’s Femicide Law: Progress Against Impunity,” which canGHRC/USA HOME
There are an estimated 1.5 million Guatemalans in the United States, many who came out of necessity, risking their lives to seek employment opportunities and send support home to their families. GHRC focuses on the root causes of migration, and the tremendous impact of migration on the economy, family, culture and community of the GuatemalanASYLUM SUPPORT
Asylum Support . The Asylum Support Program provides information vital to political asylum cases including written affidavits and expertwitness testimony.
NO RELIEF IN SIGHT: PRESIDENT ALEJANDRO GIAMATTEI APPEARS January 15, 2020. GHRC. President-elect Alejandro Giammattei took office yesterday in Guatemala City. He was never expected to win. After three unsuccessful presidential bids, Giammattei made the runoff Presidential election in August by just one percentage point and only after three candidates had been eliminated through legal actions. FOR WOMEN'S RIGHT TO LIVE Since 2000, over 3,000 Guatemalan women have been murdered, many of them first abducted and subjected to brutal sexual violence, mutilation, and torture. These gender-based, barbaric crimes have been characterized as “femicides.”. Amnesty International places most of the victims between the ages of 16-36 and identifies them asstudents
GENOCIDE IN THE IXIL TRIANGLE « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS The result was bloodshed and suffering on an unimaginable scale: massacres, assassinations, torture, rape, burning of homes and crops, and the complete eradication of villages. Between 70 and 90% of Ixil villages were razed between 1981 and 1983 and thousands of innocent men, women and children were killed– an estimated 5.5% of the entire RIO NEGRO MASSACRES « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Rio Negro Massacres. Five massacres occurred in the Rio Negro (“Black River”) communities between 1980 and 1982. The people of Rio Negro (named after the nearby river) had occupied the region since the classic Mayan age and owned 1,440 hectares of land. During the energy crisis of the 1970’s the Guatemalan government looked forlocal
THREE-THOUSAND AND COUNTING, A REPORT ON VIOLENCE AGAINST Three thousand and Counting: A Report on Violence Against Women in Guatemala • At the Morgue • In May 2007, a mother of two small children left her house in Guatemala City to look HISTORY OF GUATEMALA 1844-65 - Guatemala ruled by conservative dictator Rafael Carrera. 1873-85 - Guatemala ruled by liberal President Justo Rufino Barrios, who modernizes the country, develops the army and introduces coffee growing. 1931 - Jorge Ubico becomes president; his tenure is marked by repressive rule and then by an improvement in the country's finances.ABOUT GUATEMALA
About Guatemala. Guatemala Historical Timeline. Daily Headlines. News Archive. Important Cases. Timeline of the Life and Trial of Bishop Juan Gerardi. Gold Corp and Mining in San Marcos. Fast Facts on Guatemala. Fact Sheets on Human Rights and Related Themes. GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION / USA Femicide 3321 12th Street NE Washington, DC 20017-4008 Tel: (202) 529-6599 www.ghrc-usa.org See GHRC’s report entitled “Guatemala’s Femicide Law: Progress Against Impunity,” which can HISTORY AND TIMELINE « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION History and Timeline. The Guatemala Human Rights Commission/USA (GHRC) was founded in 1982 amid the turmoil of Guatemala’s internal armed conflict. Founder Sister Alice Zachmann, SSND, first traveled to Guatemala in 1975, and again in 1979, where she was struck by the incredible levels of poverty and discrimination among Guatemala’speoples.
WHO WE ARE « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Who We Are. Director, Guatemala City Office. Isabel Solis. isolis@ghrc-usa.org. Isabel Solis is a Mayan activist who has been working for over 20 years as a grassroots community organizer. Isabel specializes in communal land rights, indigenous rights, the impacts of international extractive industries, and defense of humanASYLUM SUPPORT
Asylum Support . The Asylum Support Program provides information vital to political asylum cases including written affidavits and expertwitness testimony.
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS PROGRAM Human Rights Defenders Program Recent News - Urgent Actions - Fact Sheet - Get Involved. Recent Urgent Actions Our Program Publications. Our Program. THE PROBLEM: In the face of the deteriorating rule of law and pervading impunity for past and present crimes, human rights defenders have suffered. Since 2000, there have been 1,972 aggressive attacks against human rights activists.GHRC/USA HOME
May 6, 2010: Leaders Reject Mining.Yesterday Delegates from five municipalities of Quiché urged the executive and legislative branches to annul the mining, petroleum and hydroelectric permits, given that these natural resources are exploited without consent of the communities and without receiving any benefit in exchange.ABOUT GUATEMALA
About Guatemala. Guatemala Historical Timeline. Daily Headlines. News Archive. Important Cases. Timeline of the Life and Trial of Bishop Juan Gerardi. Gold Corp and Mining in San Marcos. Fast Facts on Guatemala. Fact Sheets on Human Rights and Related Themes. DIANNA ORTIZ MEMORIAL « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Dianna worked at the Guatemala Human Rights Commission from 1994 to 2002. A survivor of torture in Guatemala, Dianna bravely pursued her case through the Guatemalan court system in the early 90s, to no avail, and bravely continued fighting for the rights of survivors of torture, founding the Torture Abolition and Survivor’s Support Coalition in 1998, as a project of GHRC. DOS ERRES MASSACRE « GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Dos Erres Massacre. In December 1982, during the de facto administration of Ríos Montt, approximately 300 residents of Dos Erres, Libertad, Petén were murdered by the Guatemalan military’s special Kaibil Unit. Of those killed 113 were children under the age of 14. The soldiers began with babies, throwing them down wells in thetown.
GHRC/USA HOME
Guatemala is an appealing location for Zetas expansion and a strategically important strong-hold with access to both Atlantic and Pacific ports, arms and clandestine airstrips left over from the armed conflict, and a weak and easily corrupted criminal and government systems. In 1997, los Zetas began their operation under therecruitment of the
GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION/USA FACT SHEET BANANA the campaign declaring Arbenz Guatemala Human Rights Commission/USA Fact Sheet Banana Companies in Guatemala: A century of Abuse of Landand Labor Rights
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THE COVID-19 CRISIS IN GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS: AS THE PANDEMIC TAKES ROOT, HUNGER IS ALREADY GROWINGApril 8, 2020
_GHRC reporting from Washington and Guatemala_ The COVID-19 crisis is hitting Central America’s fragile Northern Triangle–Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador–full force. Though to date relatively few confirmed cases have been reported, a serious food crisis appears to already be underway. As in most of the world, Guatemala’s and Honduras’ economies have been crippled by measures needed to control the spread of the virus. Police-enforced curfews and the closing of borders, public transportation, schools and non-essential businesses, including the informal sector that sustains the majority of the population, are provoking early reports of food crisis. These economies are dependent on remittances sent by migrants working in the United States, who tend to work as day laborers and non-salaried employees, the most affected by work slowdown and, frequently non-citizens, they do not receive government benefits. With extremely limited availability of intensive-care level treatment, and virtually no savings, no functional unemployment benefits and no reliable food security programs, people are scared of what the coming weeks and months will bring. COVID-19 testing is extremely limited, and there is doubt that the numbers accurately reflect the extent of the pandemic’s spread in the Northern Triangle of Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. STATISTICS ON THE SPREAD OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN CENTRAL AMERICA’S NORTHERN TRIANGLE Currently Central America appears to have a lower ratio of confirmed infections to the general population than the United States or Canada. While official statistics can serve as a point of reference, significant differences in COVID-19 testing policies, as well as concerns about the reliability of reported results, call their significance into question. Honduras reported its first two confirmed COVID-19 cases on March 11, Guatemala reported two on March 13 and on March 18 El Salvador reported one case. By April 7, confirmed cases in Guatemala had grown to 80 (60 active cases, 3 deaths, 17 recovered); in Honduras to 312 (284 active cases, 22 deaths and 6 recovered); and in El Salvador to 93 (9 deaths, 79 active infections, 5 recovered). In Guatemala, on April 5 the rate of infection was 1 per 250,000; in Honduras it was 1 per 33,054. By comparison, in the United States this ratio stands 1 to 979, in Canada 1 to 2,358 and globally 1 to 5,881. In Guatemala, where distrust of the government is pervasive, there is widespread skepticism about the low number of confirmed cases, and the relatively high numbers of early recoveries reported. One member of the Guatemalan Congress raised concern about the number of deaths attributed to atypical pneumonia.
COVID-19 testing in the Northern Triangle is severely limited. Reporting on March 27 indicated that just 491 tests had been administered in Guatemala, 510 in Honduras and 170 in El Salvador, contrasting to Panama’s 4,248 tests and Costa Rica’s 2,562 tests. At that time Panama and Costa Rica reported 1,142 and 341 cases respectively. On March 29, El Periodico reported that 1,300 individuals in quarantine in Guatemala were awaiting availability of tests,
and that the National Congress had approved Q100 million (approximately USD$13 million) for the Health Ministry to improvetesting capacity.
CONTROLLING THE SPREAD: BORDERS ARE CLOSED BUT DEPORTATIONS CONTINUE; CURFEWS AND STAY AT HOME ORDERS ARE ENFORCED BY ARREST; WITHOUT WORK,HUNGER IS GROWING
On March 6, Guatemala declared a State of Disaster, closing schools and restricting large gatherings, among other measures. Days later, European, Chinese, Canadian and U.S. citizens were barred entry into the country. On March 16, President Giammettei announced only Guatemalans would be able to enter by land, water or air; the same day he announced closure of all non-essential businesses and closure of public transportation. On March 16 a strict 4pm to 4am curfew went into effect in Guatemala, enforced by arrest or fines. More than 2,500 people have been arrested and detained for up to 24 hours in jails prior to hearings. The same day, in Honduras a 24-hour curfew was implemented, with specified hours in which people may leave home to buy supplies and obtain essential services, also enforced through fines and arrest. Millions of Central Americans work in the informal sector; more than 50 percent make less than $3USD per day. With no savings and already very high rates of chronic malnutrition, not being able to leave home to work is already devastating to the majority of the population, who are unable to buy food. Protests against the 24-hour curfew began appearing across Honduras on March 27, though they were limited by the curfew conditions and shut down by arrests. The US embassy in Tegucigalpa issued a travel warning reporting cars were being stopped to take groceries, and unconfirmed social media sources report robbery of food from homes. There are also widespread reports of companies firing workers without providing required benefits for employmenttermination.
On April 3 Guatemalan press reported that 31 members of the medical staff in Guatemala’s principal public hospital, the Hospital Roosevelt, had been sent to quarantine, apparently related to a suspected emergency room exposure. Social media reports a lack of personal protective equipment for medical workers. IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 ON HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS Human rights defenders under threat are unable to move, feel more vulnerable to attack and some are reporting increased harassment. As in other areas where stay at home orders are in effect, domestic violence reports have risen, but the strict enforcement of curfew measures means defenders are unable to respond. Energy, gas and oil, mining and agribusiness were exempted from restrictions, a cause for concern given the level of human rights abuses surrounding these industries. On April 3 it was reported that a Guatemalan sugarcane company operating in Honduras illegally and violently evicted 62 families from their homes in the department of Choluteca, killing a woman in the process. CENTRAL AMERICAN MIGRANTS AND COVID-19 Reports are surfacing from ICE detention centers across the United States that detained migrants may become a humanitarian disaster. ICE has not responded to calls from state officialsand the US Congress
to release detained asylum seekers while they await hearings, so lawsuits by migrants rights advocates are being filed around the country. In Pennsylvania alone 5 detaineeshave tested positiv
e
for the virus. In Louisiana, a focal point for ICE detentions, detainees report asylum seekers, including the elderly, are forced into group quarantine with fellow detainees displaying symptoms of COVID-19, in spite of begging their jailers for protection. Despite the risk of spreading the novel corona virus to Central America, the U.S. has refused to respond to requests to stop Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) flights that return deported migrants and asylum seekers who have been barred from the U.S., including unaccompanied minors. The U.S. has, however, suspended deportations to Guatemala through the ACA or “Safe Third Country“ agreement of non-Guatemalan migrants requesting asylum in the U.S. Concern that deportees may bring corona virus was widely voiced. In Guatemala, initial reports indicate that at least on the Mexico-Guatemala border, where Mexican authorities drop off deportees, no screening for the virus was occurring. Guatemala began temperature screening in the airports, followed by COVID-19 testing when a fever was registered. Thus far Guatemalan officials report that one deporteetested positive
.
Two ICE flights last week brought passengers with high fevers,
though health authorities report COVID-19 testing was negative. Honduras is implementing a mandatory quarantine of everyone entering the country, including deportees. Quarantine conditions were reported to be very bad, leading to resistance to enter the quarantine facility and escapes punished with imprisonment. On March 22, 92 deportees entered Honduras on an ICE flight from Houston. Though none showed symptoms, the deportees were sent to mandatory quarantine. Seventy escaped from the facility; 58 were subsequentlyarrested.
Rural communities are reacting with community controls, particularly in Guatemala. Concerned about the spread of the virus and with little information from the government, there are reports of communities barring entry not only to deportees but also to residents who have been working in other parts of the country, as well as stringent promotion of home quarantine. Though in many cases neighborhood associations are urging families of detainees to comply with self-quarantine, there are reports of abusive measures. REMITTANCES EXPECTED TO PLUMMET Given the economic crisis in the United States. The largely undocumented Guatemalans, Hondurans and Salvadorans that send remittances to their family are among the most vulnerable to the economic impact of the COVID-19 crisis in the US, where they work as day laborers, and do not have access to benefits like unemployment. It is logical that remittances will drop. Mexican banks estimate that remittances could fall as much as 21% in 2020 and 2021, and an analysis of the impact on the Americas suggests remittances could drop 20 percent to 30 percent.
Remittances sent from the United States to Central America have come to sustain the economies of the Northern Triangle. In Honduras the value of remittances now outpaces exports,
and in El Salvador
and Guatemala remittances come close to the total income from exports. In El Salvador and Honduras it has been reported that remittances represent about 20percent of the GDP
,
while in Guatemala the number stands at approximately 14 percent.
MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS AND INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE IN REACTION TO CORONAVIRUS The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to reshape health systems and economies throughout the world and especially in Central America, where both are highly influenced by policies promoted by multilateral development banks and policy objectives promoted through foreign assistance. Multilateral development banks have promoted policies that are reported to reduce access to healthcare for the poor and that provoked nationwide protests in Honduras throughout 2019. Business financing, meanwhile, has benefited extractive industries that increase poverty and inequality. The president of Guatemala announced he is seeking approval in the Guatemalan Congress of two packets of loans for COVID-19 response, one totaling Q7 billion (approximately USD$909 million) and another totaling Q11 billion (approximately USD$1.42 billion). Though little information is as yet available, there is concern in Guatemala that the measures contemplated may be disproportionately focused on the economic impact of the crisis and not treatment and prevention of the disease, and that the economic measures do not benefit small producers and the informal sector that have been dramatically impacted by the crisis, but are focused on assistance for industrial agriculture and extractive industries. On March 24 the Guatemalan Congress approved redirecting two existing loans totaling $450 million to fund actions to address COVID-19, though the specific budget priorities are unclear. The first, a $200 million World Bank loan, was originally intended to promote natural disaster preparedness. The second, a $250 million Inter-American Development Bank loan, was redirected from a plan to improve tax collection and government transparency. On March 26, president Giammettei presented Congress with a $915 million Economic Reactivation Plan, which would be supported initially by a $200 million World Bank loan and a $193 million loan for economic reactivation from the Central American Bank for Economic Integration. Guatemala’s Congressional Finance Committee proposed a law that would exonerate new businesses from paying taxes for 100 years. While the World Bank group has provided very little information regarding plans to strengthen health systems, their public statements have focused on promoting investment to sustain businesses through the crisis. On March 17 the World Bank Group announced a $14 billion package in response to COVID 19. Eight billion dollars of this will increase investment in the private sector through the International Finance Corporation (IFC), focused on supporting financial institutions. The IFC’s funding of financial intermediaries has been widely criticized as benefiting enterprises that extract resources from communities, augmenting poverty and inequality and increasing human rights abuses. It is believed that the sugarcane company responsible for the April 3 eviction of 62 families is funded by the IFC financial intermediary. On March 25 the World Bank Group president and the IMF president issued a joint statement calling on multilateral banks to provide debt relief for the countries the World Bank classifies as the world’s poorest nations (IDA nations) in response to COVID-19. This would include Honduras but not Guatemala. On March 27, the US authorized a $5.5 billion capital increase for the IFC,
as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), which the World Bank Group called timely due to the “IFC’s large role in COVID-19 response.”<< Older entries
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