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REDUCING THE IMPACT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ON PUBLIC 2. What is the impact of harmful chemicals on public health? Chemical, physical and toxicological properties of chemicals vary greatly. While many of these substances are not hazardous or persistent, some are life-threatening on contact and some may persist in the environment, accumulate in the food chain, travel large distances from where they are released, and can be harmful to human health FLUORIDE: 5. WHAT EFFECTS HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN SEEN IN HUMANS? 5.2 What are the effects on teeth and bones? Fluoride can have both a positive and a negative impact on tooth enamel.Generally, the higher the concentrations of fluoride in drinking water the smaller the likelihood to develop dental caries.However, the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis within the population increases with the concentration of fluoride in drinking water. 7. CONCLUSIONS ON WATER RESOURCES A number of key messages emerge from the foregoing discussion of water resources. Demand for these limited resources continues to increase as populations grow and move. Sound management depends on reliable information about the quantity and quality of water available and how this availability varies in time and from place to place. It is important to enhance the understanding of all elements CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation. CLIMATE CHANGE 2001 ASSESSMENT Climate Change. 2001 Assessment. Context - The Earth's climate has changed over the last century and by 2001 there was strong evidence that most of the warming observed the previous 50 years was attributable to human activities. Moreover, computer models already predicted that temperatures would continue to rise over the 21 stcentury.
MAGNETIC FIELDS GENERATED BY DOMESTIC APPLIANCES Magnetic Fields generated by domestic appliances. The table below provides examples of magnetic field strengths at particular distances from appliance surfaces. They are expressed in microtesla (µT). Click here for further information on magnetic field units. Microtesla (µT) Appliance. At 30 cm. At 1 MAJOR RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES RELEASED BY THE CHERNOBYL plutonium-241 (which decays into Americium-241 ) 14.4 years. 430 years. 0.003. others. ~ 12.140. Total radioctivity released. 14. For more complete information on the principal radioisotopes released during the Chernobyl accident, see the full report of the UN ChernobylForum
ALCOHOL: 6. CONCLUSION 6. Conclusion. Alcohol is not an ordinary commodity. While it carries connotations of pleasure and sociability in the minds of many, harmful consequences of its use are diverse and widespread. From a global perspective, in order to reduce the harm caused by alcohol, policies need to take into account specific situations in different societies. EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE 1. What are the properties of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)? DEHP is a chemical form of dioctyl phthalate or DOP. DEHP has the same core structure as DBP, DIDP and DINP, but has longer, branched side chains attached, each having 8 carbon atoms. DEHP is a colourless oilyliquid.
REDUCING THE IMPACT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ON PUBLIC 2. What is the impact of harmful chemicals on public health? Chemical, physical and toxicological properties of chemicals vary greatly. While many of these substances are not hazardous or persistent, some are life-threatening on contact and some may persist in the environment, accumulate in the food chain, travel large distances from where they are released, and can be harmful to human health FLUORIDE: 5. WHAT EFFECTS HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN SEEN IN HUMANS? 5.2 What are the effects on teeth and bones? Fluoride can have both a positive and a negative impact on tooth enamel.Generally, the higher the concentrations of fluoride in drinking water the smaller the likelihood to develop dental caries.However, the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis within the population increases with the concentration of fluoride in drinking water. 7. CONCLUSIONS ON WATER RESOURCES A number of key messages emerge from the foregoing discussion of water resources. Demand for these limited resources continues to increase as populations grow and move. Sound management depends on reliable information about the quantity and quality of water available and how this availability varies in time and from place to place. It is important to enhance the understanding of all elements CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation. CLIMATE CHANGE 2001 ASSESSMENT Climate Change. 2001 Assessment. Context - The Earth's climate has changed over the last century and by 2001 there was strong evidence that most of the warming observed the previous 50 years was attributable to human activities. Moreover, computer models already predicted that temperatures would continue to rise over the 21 stcentury.
MAGNETIC FIELDS GENERATED BY DOMESTIC APPLIANCES Magnetic Fields generated by domestic appliances. The table below provides examples of magnetic field strengths at particular distances from appliance surfaces. They are expressed in microtesla (µT). Click here for further information on magnetic field units. Microtesla (µT) Appliance. At 30 cm. At 1 MAJOR RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES RELEASED BY THE CHERNOBYL plutonium-241 (which decays into Americium-241 ) 14.4 years. 430 years. 0.003. others. ~ 12.140. Total radioctivity released. 14. For more complete information on the principal radioisotopes released during the Chernobyl accident, see the full report of the UN ChernobylForum
ALCOHOL: 6. CONCLUSION 6. Conclusion. Alcohol is not an ordinary commodity. While it carries connotations of pleasure and sociability in the minds of many, harmful consequences of its use are diverse and widespread. From a global perspective, in order to reduce the harm caused by alcohol, policies need to take into account specific situations in different societies. PART 3: GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY OUTLOOK 5 Context - Given the importance of the subject and the amount of facts on the subjects these Highlights of the GBO5 report are divided into three separate parts: . Part 1: Highlights the context of the Convention and its objectives and the present global status of biodiversity. Part 2: Highlights the results of past & present action plans, objectives, actions and means at the horizon 2030 BIODIVERSITY & HUMAN WELL-BEING Biodiversity contributes directly or indirectly to many aspects of human well-being, for instance by providing raw materials and contributing to health. Over the past century, many people have benefited from the conversion of natural ecosystems to agricultural land and from the exploitation of biodiversity. However, these changeshave increased
EPIDEMIC DISEASES: 1. INTRODUCTION Introduction. As a result of these recurring epidemic threats, WHO has taken steps to strengthen regional and national capacity to detect, verify and control emerging infectious diseases with epidemic and pandemic potential through the development of an integrated strategic framework for prevention and control of emerging and epidemic-pronediseases.
WELL-BEING AND DISEASE PREVENTION BY IMPROVING ENVIRONMENT Well-being and disease prevention by improving environment management. Context - Worldwide, the fraction of the global burden for both death and disease associated to environmental risks is 22%. Decreasing these health risks is a key element of setting priorities for environmentalaction.
EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS Introduction. Cannabis is a significant political, health and law-enforcement issue. Across North America, the public discourse on cannabis tends to focus on sociopolitical and legal issues. With evidence, opinions and perspectives being released and discussed every day the public has become increasingly confused about cannabis’ status, prevalence and effects. POLLUTION: 1. INTRODUCTION Pollution can take many forms, ranging from organic compounds and other chemical substances to different types of energy. Some types of pollution are easily noticed, such as certain forms of contaminated water, poor air quality, industrial waste, litter, light, heat and noise. Others are less visible, for example pesticides in food,mercury in
BORON IN FOOD
Adults: Adults weigh more than children, and thus have to eat even more boron-containing food to reach the TDI. Detailed average consumption figures for different types of food are not given in the EPA report for adults, but the values given for male children aged 12 to 19 should be comparable, or perhaps higher than the average adultconsumption.
6. HOW DO PEOPLE ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE? Some adaptation of human activities to both observed and anticipated climate change is already taking place. For instance, climate change is taken into account in coastal defense projects in the Maldives and the Netherlands. Other examples include prevention of glacial lake outburst flooding in Nepal, water management strategies in Australia, and government responses to heat waves in some CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation. GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS: 8. CONCLUSIONS 8. Conclusions. 8.1 Conclusions on agricultural biotechnology; 8.2 Conclusions on environment and health effects; 8.1 Conclusions on agricultural biotechnology. On the one hand, agricultural biotechnology may be viewed as a complement to conventional agriculture. It is a scientific tool that can aid plant breeding programs and the conservation of genetic resources, as well as improvethe
EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE 1. What are the properties of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)? DEHP is a chemical form of dioctyl phthalate or DOP. DEHP has the same core structure as DBP, DIDP and DINP, but has longer, branched side chains attached, each having 8 carbon atoms. DEHP is a colourless oilyliquid.
REDUCING THE IMPACT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ON PUBLIC 2. What is the impact of harmful chemicals on public health? Chemical, physical and toxicological properties of chemicals vary greatly. While many of these substances are not hazardous or persistent, some are life-threatening on contact and some may persist in the environment, accumulate in the food chain, travel large distances from where they are released, and can be harmful to human health FLUORIDE: 5. WHAT EFFECTS HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN SEEN IN HUMANS? 5.2 What are the effects on teeth and bones? Fluoride can have both a positive and a negative impact on tooth enamel.Generally, the higher the concentrations of fluoride in drinking water the smaller the likelihood to develop dental caries.However, the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis within the population increases with the concentration of fluoride in drinking water. 7. CONCLUSIONS ON WATER RESOURCES A number of key messages emerge from the foregoing discussion of water resources. Demand for these limited resources continues to increase as populations grow and move. Sound management depends on reliable information about the quantity and quality of water available and how this availability varies in time and from place to place. It is important to enhance the understanding of all elements CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation. CLIMATE CHANGE 2001 ASSESSMENT Climate Change. 2001 Assessment. Context - The Earth's climate has changed over the last century and by 2001 there was strong evidence that most of the warming observed the previous 50 years was attributable to human activities. Moreover, computer models already predicted that temperatures would continue to rise over the 21 stcentury.
MAGNETIC FIELDS GENERATED BY DOMESTIC APPLIANCES Magnetic Fields generated by domestic appliances. The table below provides examples of magnetic field strengths at particular distances from appliance surfaces. They are expressed in microtesla (µT). Click here for further information on magnetic field units. Microtesla (µT) Appliance. At 30 cm. At 1 MAJOR RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES RELEASED BY THE CHERNOBYL plutonium-241 (which decays into Americium-241 ) 14.4 years. 430 years. 0.003. others. ~ 12.140. Total radioctivity released. 14. For more complete information on the principal radioisotopes released during the Chernobyl accident, see the full report of the UN ChernobylForum
ALCOHOL: 6. CONCLUSION 6. Conclusion. Alcohol is not an ordinary commodity. While it carries connotations of pleasure and sociability in the minds of many, harmful consequences of its use are diverse and widespread. From a global perspective, in order to reduce the harm caused by alcohol, policies need to take into account specific situations in different societies. EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE 1. What are the properties of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)? DEHP is a chemical form of dioctyl phthalate or DOP. DEHP has the same core structure as DBP, DIDP and DINP, but has longer, branched side chains attached, each having 8 carbon atoms. DEHP is a colourless oilyliquid.
REDUCING THE IMPACT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ON PUBLIC 2. What is the impact of harmful chemicals on public health? Chemical, physical and toxicological properties of chemicals vary greatly. While many of these substances are not hazardous or persistent, some are life-threatening on contact and some may persist in the environment, accumulate in the food chain, travel large distances from where they are released, and can be harmful to human health FLUORIDE: 5. WHAT EFFECTS HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN SEEN IN HUMANS? 5.2 What are the effects on teeth and bones? Fluoride can have both a positive and a negative impact on tooth enamel.Generally, the higher the concentrations of fluoride in drinking water the smaller the likelihood to develop dental caries.However, the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis within the population increases with the concentration of fluoride in drinking water. 7. CONCLUSIONS ON WATER RESOURCES A number of key messages emerge from the foregoing discussion of water resources. Demand for these limited resources continues to increase as populations grow and move. Sound management depends on reliable information about the quantity and quality of water available and how this availability varies in time and from place to place. It is important to enhance the understanding of all elements CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation. CLIMATE CHANGE 2001 ASSESSMENT Climate Change. 2001 Assessment. Context - The Earth's climate has changed over the last century and by 2001 there was strong evidence that most of the warming observed the previous 50 years was attributable to human activities. Moreover, computer models already predicted that temperatures would continue to rise over the 21 stcentury.
MAGNETIC FIELDS GENERATED BY DOMESTIC APPLIANCES Magnetic Fields generated by domestic appliances. The table below provides examples of magnetic field strengths at particular distances from appliance surfaces. They are expressed in microtesla (µT). Click here for further information on magnetic field units. Microtesla (µT) Appliance. At 30 cm. At 1 MAJOR RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES RELEASED BY THE CHERNOBYL plutonium-241 (which decays into Americium-241 ) 14.4 years. 430 years. 0.003. others. ~ 12.140. Total radioctivity released. 14. For more complete information on the principal radioisotopes released during the Chernobyl accident, see the full report of the UN ChernobylForum
ALCOHOL: 6. CONCLUSION 6. Conclusion. Alcohol is not an ordinary commodity. While it carries connotations of pleasure and sociability in the minds of many, harmful consequences of its use are diverse and widespread. From a global perspective, in order to reduce the harm caused by alcohol, policies need to take into account specific situations in different societies. BIODIVERSITY & HUMAN WELL-BEING Biodiversity contributes directly or indirectly to many aspects of human well-being, for instance by providing raw materials and contributing to health. Over the past century, many people have benefited from the conversion of natural ecosystems to agricultural land and from the exploitation of biodiversity. However, these changeshave increased
EPIDEMIC DISEASES: 1. INTRODUCTION Introduction. As a result of these recurring epidemic threats, WHO has taken steps to strengthen regional and national capacity to detect, verify and control emerging infectious diseases with epidemic and pandemic potential through the development of an integrated strategic framework for prevention and control of emerging and epidemic-pronediseases.
POLLUTION: 1. INTRODUCTION Pollution can take many forms, ranging from organic compounds and other chemical substances to different types of energy. Some types of pollution are easily noticed, such as certain forms of contaminated water, poor air quality, industrial waste, litter, light, heat and noise. Others are less visible, for example pesticides in food,mercury in
EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS Introduction. Cannabis is a significant political, health and law-enforcement issue. Across North America, the public discourse on cannabis tends to focus on sociopolitical and legal issues. With evidence, opinions and perspectives being released and discussed every day the public has become increasingly confused about cannabis’ status, prevalence and effects. WELL-BEING AND DISEASE PREVENTION BY IMPROVING ENVIRONMENT Well-being and disease prevention by improving environment management. Context - Worldwide, the fraction of the global burden for both death and disease associated to environmental risks is 22%. Decreasing these health risks is a key element of setting priorities for environmentalaction.
CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation.BORON IN FOOD
Adults: Adults weigh more than children, and thus have to eat even more boron-containing food to reach the TDI. Detailed average consumption figures for different types of food are not given in the EPA report for adults, but the values given for male children aged 12 to 19 should be comparable, or perhaps higher than the average adultconsumption.
CHERNOBYL: 3. HOW HAS THE ENVIRONMENT BEEN AFFECTED BY THE For 10 days following the April 26 explosion, the ruptured Chernobyl reactor continued to release major quantities of radioactive substances, amounting to a total of about 14 EBq.The most significant radioisotopes released were iodine-131, caesium-137, strontium-90 and plutonium radioisotopes (see table on radioisotopes released).. More than 200 000 km 2 of Europe were contaminated above the GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS: 8. CONCLUSIONS 8. Conclusions. 8.1 Conclusions on agricultural biotechnology; 8.2 Conclusions on environment and health effects; 8.1 Conclusions on agricultural biotechnology. On the one hand, agricultural biotechnology may be viewed as a complement to conventional agriculture. It is a scientific tool that can aid plant breeding programs and the conservation of genetic resources, as well as improvethe
WATER RESOURCES: 7. CONCLUSIONS ON WATER RESOURCES Our water resources are under pressure. More reliable information is still needed regarding the quality and quantity of available water, and how this availability varies in time and from place to place. Human activities affect the water cycle in many ways, which needs to be understood and quantified to manage water resources responsibly andsustainably.
ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE Arctic Climate Change. Context - Our climate is already changing, particularly in the Arctic where permafrost is melting, glaciers are receding, and sea ice is disappearing. Changes in the Arctic will not only affect local people and ecosystems but also the rest of the world, because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate. 7. CONCLUSIONS ON WATER RESOURCES A number of key messages emerge from the foregoing discussion of water resources. Demand for these limited resources continues to increase as populations grow and move. Sound management depends on reliable information about the quantity and quality of water available and how this availability varies in time and from place to place. It is important to enhance the understanding of all elements CO2 CAPTURE AND STORAGE 1.1 Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is a greenhouse gas that occurs naturally in the atmosphere.Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and other processes, are significantly increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, thus contributing to Earth’s global warming.. One technique that could limit CO 2 emissions from human activities into the atmosphere is Carbon dioxide Capture and 6. HOW DO PEOPLE ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE? Some adaptation of human activities to both observed and anticipated climate change is already taking place. For instance, climate change is taken into account in coastal defense projects in the Maldives and the Netherlands. Other examples include prevention of glacial lake outburst flooding in Nepal, water management strategies in Australia, and government responses to heat waves in some CHERNOBYL: 3. HOW HAS THE ENVIRONMENT BEEN AFFECTED BY THE For 10 days following the April 26 explosion, the ruptured Chernobyl reactor continued to release major quantities of radioactive substances, amounting to a total of about 14 EBq.The most significant radioisotopes released were iodine-131, caesium-137, strontium-90 and plutonium radioisotopes (see table on radioisotopes released).. More than 200 000 km 2 of Europe were contaminated above theBORON IN FOOD
Adults: Adults weigh more than children, and thus have to eat even more boron-containing food to reach the TDI. Detailed average consumption figures for different types of food are not given in the EPA report for adults, but the values given for male children aged 12 to 19 should be comparable, or perhaps higher than the average adultconsumption.
DIET & NUTRITION: 7. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 7.2 How can diet and physical activity affect cardiovascular diseases? There tends to be a delay between the exposure to risk factors such as poor nutrition, insufficient physical activity and tobacco use and the onset of cardiovascular diseases.This risk is increased by biological factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and low cardio-respiratory fitness. FORESTS: 3. HOW CAN FORESTS AFFECT CLIMATE CHANGE? Forests influence climate change mainly by affecting the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. When forests grow, carbon is removed from the atmosphere and absorbed in wood, leaves and soil. Because forests can absorb and store carbon over an extended period of time, they are considered “carbon sinks”. This carbon remains stored in the forest ecosystem, but can be released into the ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE: 5. HOW WILL ANIMALS BE AFFECTED BY Arctic marine fisheries provide an important food source globally, and are a vital part of the region’s economy. In the past climate change has induced major ecosystem shifts in some areas and this could happen again resulting in radical unpredictable changes in species present. More 5.2.1 An example of a positive impact of climate change is the cod population in West Greenland which AGRICULTURE: 5. HOW IS FOOD PRODUCTION AFFECTING HEALTH? Although food production has increased in recent decades, many people remain undernourished, a problem accounting for 15% of global disease. Many population groups still face protein, micronutrient and vitamin deficiency. Meanwhile, obesity and chronic diseases are increasing across the world because of people eating too much of the wrong foods. ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE Arctic Climate Change. Context - Our climate is already changing, particularly in the Arctic where permafrost is melting, glaciers are receding, and sea ice is disappearing. Changes in the Arctic will not only affect local people and ecosystems but also the rest of the world, because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate. 7. CONCLUSIONS ON WATER RESOURCES A number of key messages emerge from the foregoing discussion of water resources. Demand for these limited resources continues to increase as populations grow and move. Sound management depends on reliable information about the quantity and quality of water available and how this availability varies in time and from place to place. It is important to enhance the understanding of all elements CO2 CAPTURE AND STORAGE 1.1 Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is a greenhouse gas that occurs naturally in the atmosphere.Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and other processes, are significantly increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, thus contributing to Earth’s global warming.. One technique that could limit CO 2 emissions from human activities into the atmosphere is Carbon dioxide Capture and 6. HOW DO PEOPLE ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE? Some adaptation of human activities to both observed and anticipated climate change is already taking place. For instance, climate change is taken into account in coastal defense projects in the Maldives and the Netherlands. Other examples include prevention of glacial lake outburst flooding in Nepal, water management strategies in Australia, and government responses to heat waves in some CHERNOBYL: 3. HOW HAS THE ENVIRONMENT BEEN AFFECTED BY THE For 10 days following the April 26 explosion, the ruptured Chernobyl reactor continued to release major quantities of radioactive substances, amounting to a total of about 14 EBq.The most significant radioisotopes released were iodine-131, caesium-137, strontium-90 and plutonium radioisotopes (see table on radioisotopes released).. More than 200 000 km 2 of Europe were contaminated above theBORON IN FOOD
Adults: Adults weigh more than children, and thus have to eat even more boron-containing food to reach the TDI. Detailed average consumption figures for different types of food are not given in the EPA report for adults, but the values given for male children aged 12 to 19 should be comparable, or perhaps higher than the average adultconsumption.
DIET & NUTRITION: 7. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 7.2 How can diet and physical activity affect cardiovascular diseases? There tends to be a delay between the exposure to risk factors such as poor nutrition, insufficient physical activity and tobacco use and the onset of cardiovascular diseases.This risk is increased by biological factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and low cardio-respiratory fitness. FORESTS: 3. HOW CAN FORESTS AFFECT CLIMATE CHANGE? Forests influence climate change mainly by affecting the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. When forests grow, carbon is removed from the atmosphere and absorbed in wood, leaves and soil. Because forests can absorb and store carbon over an extended period of time, they are considered “carbon sinks”. This carbon remains stored in the forest ecosystem, but can be released into the ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE: 5. HOW WILL ANIMALS BE AFFECTED BY Arctic marine fisheries provide an important food source globally, and are a vital part of the region’s economy. In the past climate change has induced major ecosystem shifts in some areas and this could happen again resulting in radical unpredictable changes in species present. More 5.2.1 An example of a positive impact of climate change is the cod population in West Greenland which AGRICULTURE: 5. HOW IS FOOD PRODUCTION AFFECTING HEALTH? Although food production has increased in recent decades, many people remain undernourished, a problem accounting for 15% of global disease. Many population groups still face protein, micronutrient and vitamin deficiency. Meanwhile, obesity and chronic diseases are increasing across the world because of people eating too much of the wrong foods. EPIDEMIC DISEASES: 1. INTRODUCTION Introduction. As a result of these recurring epidemic threats, WHO has taken steps to strengthen regional and national capacity to detect, verify and control emerging infectious diseases with epidemic and pandemic potential through the development of an integrated strategic framework for prevention and control of emerging and epidemic-pronediseases.
POLLUTION: 1. INTRODUCTION Pollution can take many forms, ranging from organic compounds and other chemical substances to different types of energy. Some types of pollution are easily noticed, such as certain forms of contaminated water, poor air quality, industrial waste, litter, light, heat and noise. Others are less visible, for example pesticides in food,mercury in
CO2 CAPTURE AND STORAGE 1.1 Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is a greenhouse gas that occurs naturally in the atmosphere.Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and other processes, are significantly increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, thus contributing to Earth’s global warming.. One technique that could limit CO 2 emissions from human activities into the atmosphere is Carbon dioxide Capture and FLUORIDE - GREENFACTS This Digest is a faithful summary of the leading scientific consensus report produced in 2002 by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS): 'Environmental Health Criteria forBORON IN FOOD
Adults: Adults weigh more than children, and thus have to eat even more boron-containing food to reach the TDI. Detailed average consumption figures for different types of food are not given in the EPA report for adults, but the values given for male children aged 12 to 19 should be comparable, or perhaps higher than the average adultconsumption.
REDUCING THE IMPACT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ON PUBLIC 2. What is the impact of harmful chemicals on public health? Chemical, physical and toxicological properties of chemicals vary greatly. While many of these substances are not hazardous or persistent, some are life-threatening on contact and some may persist in the environment, accumulate in the food chain, travel large distances from where they are released, and can be harmful to human health THE RISKS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND The risks of environmental effects of pharmaceutical and medicinal products. Context - The pollution of the various compartments of the environment (water, soil and air) with pharmaceutical residues is an environmental concern. This is a faithful summary of the leading report produced in 2013 by the DG Health and Consumers: " Study on the LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTS OF TABLEWARE: WHAT THE SCIENCE TELL This matrix attempts to capture the main variables and their effect on the different tableware alternatives, acknowledging that such a representation inevitably requires a substantial degree ofsimplification.
ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE: 5. HOW WILL ANIMALS BE AFFECTED BY Arctic marine fisheries provide an important food source globally, and are a vital part of the region’s economy. In the past climate change has induced major ecosystem shifts in some areas and this could happen again resulting in radical unpredictable changes in species present. More 5.2.1 An example of a positive impact of climate change is the cod population in West Greenland which WATER RESOURCES: 4. HOW CAN HUMAN ACTIONS SERIOUSLY AFFECT Water resources face a host of serious threats, all caused primarily by human activity. They include pollution, climate change, urban growth, and landscape changes such as deforestation. Each of them has its own specific impact, usually directly on ecosystems and in turn onwater resources.
EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation.BORON IN FOOD
Adults: Adults weigh more than children, and thus have to eat even more boron-containing food to reach the TDI. Detailed average consumption figures for different types of food are not given in the EPA report for adults, but the values given for male children aged 12 to 19 should be comparable, or perhaps higher than the average adultconsumption.
GLOBAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ARCTICSEE MORE ONGREENFACTS.ORG
7. CONCLUSIONS ON WATER RESOURCES A number of key messages emerge from the foregoing discussion of water resources. Demand for these limited resources continues to increase as populations grow and move. Sound management depends on reliable information about the quantity and quality of water available and how this availability varies in time and from place to place. It is important to enhance the understanding of all elements 6. HOW DO PEOPLE ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE? Some adaptation of human activities to both observed and anticipated climate change is already taking place. For instance, climate change is taken into account in coastal defense projects in the Maldives and the Netherlands. Other examples include prevention of glacial lake outburst flooding in Nepal, water management strategies in Australia, and government responses to heat waves in some CIRCULAR ECONOMY: 6. HOW CAN THE CONSUMER CONTRIBUTE TO A By their choices, millions, if not billions of consumers can support or hamper the successful transi¬tion to a circular economy for improved and new types of products and ser¬vices. However as also underlined by the EASAC report, a major obstacle remains consumer attitudes and behaviour, which are always more influenced and driven by fashions and the marketing of industrialists and traders WATER RESOURCES: 7. CONCLUSIONS ON WATER RESOURCES Our water resources are under pressure. More reliable information is still needed regarding the quality and quantity of available water, and how this availability varies in time and from place to place. Human activities affect the water cycle in many ways, which needs to be understood and quantified to manage water resources responsibly andsustainably.
MAJOR RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES RELEASED BY THE CHERNOBYL plutonium-241 (which decays into Americium-241 ) 14.4 years. 430 years. 0.003. others. ~ 12.140. Total radioctivity released. 14. For more complete information on the principal radioisotopes released during the Chernobyl accident, see the full report of the UN ChernobylForum
ALCOHOL: 6. CONCLUSION 6. Conclusion. Alcohol is not an ordinary commodity. While it carries connotations of pleasure and sociability in the minds of many, harmful consequences of its use are diverse and widespread. From a global perspective, in order to reduce the harm caused by alcohol, policies need to take into account specific situations in different societies. EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation.BORON IN FOOD
Adults: Adults weigh more than children, and thus have to eat even more boron-containing food to reach the TDI. Detailed average consumption figures for different types of food are not given in the EPA report for adults, but the values given for male children aged 12 to 19 should be comparable, or perhaps higher than the average adultconsumption.
GLOBAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ARCTICSEE MORE ONGREENFACTS.ORG
7. CONCLUSIONS ON WATER RESOURCES A number of key messages emerge from the foregoing discussion of water resources. Demand for these limited resources continues to increase as populations grow and move. Sound management depends on reliable information about the quantity and quality of water available and how this availability varies in time and from place to place. It is important to enhance the understanding of all elements 6. HOW DO PEOPLE ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE? Some adaptation of human activities to both observed and anticipated climate change is already taking place. For instance, climate change is taken into account in coastal defense projects in the Maldives and the Netherlands. Other examples include prevention of glacial lake outburst flooding in Nepal, water management strategies in Australia, and government responses to heat waves in some CIRCULAR ECONOMY: 6. HOW CAN THE CONSUMER CONTRIBUTE TO A By their choices, millions, if not billions of consumers can support or hamper the successful transi¬tion to a circular economy for improved and new types of products and ser¬vices. However as also underlined by the EASAC report, a major obstacle remains consumer attitudes and behaviour, which are always more influenced and driven by fashions and the marketing of industrialists and traders WATER RESOURCES: 7. CONCLUSIONS ON WATER RESOURCES Our water resources are under pressure. More reliable information is still needed regarding the quality and quantity of available water, and how this availability varies in time and from place to place. Human activities affect the water cycle in many ways, which needs to be understood and quantified to manage water resources responsibly andsustainably.
MAJOR RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES RELEASED BY THE CHERNOBYL plutonium-241 (which decays into Americium-241 ) 14.4 years. 430 years. 0.003. others. ~ 12.140. Total radioctivity released. 14. For more complete information on the principal radioisotopes released during the Chernobyl accident, see the full report of the UN ChernobylForum
ALCOHOL: 6. CONCLUSION 6. Conclusion. Alcohol is not an ordinary commodity. While it carries connotations of pleasure and sociability in the minds of many, harmful consequences of its use are diverse and widespread. From a global perspective, in order to reduce the harm caused by alcohol, policies need to take into account specific situations in different societies. BIODIVERSITY & HUMAN WELL-BEING Biodiversity contributes directly or indirectly to many aspects of human well-being, for instance by providing raw materials and contributing to health. Over the past century, many people have benefited from the conversion of natural ecosystems to agricultural land and from the exploitation of biodiversity. However, these changeshave increased
EPIDEMIC DISEASES: 1. INTRODUCTION Introduction. As a result of these recurring epidemic threats, WHO has taken steps to strengthen regional and national capacity to detect, verify and control emerging infectious diseases with epidemic and pandemic potential through the development of an integrated strategic framework for prevention and control of emerging and epidemic-pronediseases.
WELL-BEING AND DISEASE PREVENTION BY IMPROVING ENVIRONMENT Well-being and disease prevention by improving environment management. Context - Worldwide, the fraction of the global burden for both death and disease associated to environmental risks is 22%. Decreasing these health risks is a key element of setting priorities for environmentalaction.
POLLUTION: 1. INTRODUCTION Pollution can take many forms, ranging from organic compounds and other chemical substances to different types of energy. Some types of pollution are easily noticed, such as certain forms of contaminated water, poor air quality, industrial waste, litter, light, heat and noise. Others are less visible, for example pesticides in food,mercury in
CO2 CAPTURE AND STORAGE 1.1 Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is a greenhouse gas that occurs naturally in the atmosphere.Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and other processes, are significantly increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, thus contributing to Earth’s global warming.. One technique that could limit CO 2 emissions from human activities into the atmosphere is Carbon dioxide Capture and REDUCING THE IMPACT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ON PUBLIC 2. What is the impact of harmful chemicals on public health? Chemical, physical and toxicological properties of chemicals vary greatly. While many of these substances are not hazardous or persistent, some are life-threatening on contact and some may persist in the environment, accumulate in the food chain, travel large distances from where they are released, and can be harmful to human health 3. HOW IS BIOENERGY PRODUCED? Bioenergy can be produced from wood materials by various processes, ranging from burning sticks and branches for cooking and heating to gasification of wood chips to produce transport fuel. These systems differ in terms of energy efficiency, installation cost, carbon emissions and labour intensiveness. National and local circumstances will largely determine whether each system is economically GLOSSARY: EPA CANCER CLASSIFICATION Chemicals or other agents in the environment assessed by US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) are classified in five groups based on the existing scientific evidence for carcinogenicity. Group A: "Human Carcinogen". There is enough evidence to conclude that it can cause cancer in humans. EPA definition. Group B1: "Probable HumanCarcinogen".
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTS OF TABLEWARE: WHAT THE SCIENCE TELL This matrix attempts to capture the main variables and their effect on the different tableware alternatives, acknowledging that such a representation inevitably requires a substantial degree ofsimplification.
ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE: 5. HOW WILL ANIMALS BE AFFECTED BY Arctic marine fisheries provide an important food source globally, and are a vital part of the region’s economy. In the past climate change has induced major ecosystem shifts in some areas and this could happen again resulting in radical unpredictable changes in species present. More 5.2.1 An example of a positive impact of climate change is the cod population in West Greenland which GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS BIODIVERSITY & HUMAN WELL-BEINGWATER RESOURCES
Water resources face a host of serious threats, all caused primarily by human activity. They include pollution, climate change, urban growth, and landscape changes such as deforestation. Each of them has its own specific impact, usually directly on ecosystems and in turn on water resources. More EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation.DESERTIFICATION
BORON IN FOOD
Adults: Adults weigh more than children, and thus have to eat even more boron-containing food to reach the TDI. Detailed average consumption figures for different types of food are not given in the EPA report for adults, but the values given for male children aged 12 to 19 should be comparable, or perhaps higher than the average adultconsumption.
ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE Arctic Climate Change. Context - Our climate is already changing, particularly in the Arctic where permafrost is melting, glaciers are receding, and sea ice is disappearing. Changes in the Arctic will not only affect local people and ecosystems but also the rest of the world, because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate. GLOSSARY: EPA CANCER CLASSIFICATION Chemicals or other agents in the environment assessed by US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) are classified in five groups based on the existing scientific evidence for carcinogenicity. Group A: "Human Carcinogen". There is enough evidence to conclude that it can cause cancer in humans. EPA definition. Group B1: "Probable HumanCarcinogen".
AIR POLLUTION NITROGEN DIOXIDE This Digest is a faithful summary of two leading scientific consensus reports produced in 2003 and 2004 by the World Health Organization (WHO): ' Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide' and ' Answer to follow-up questions fromCAFE (2004)'
GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS BIODIVERSITY & HUMAN WELL-BEINGWATER RESOURCES
Water resources face a host of serious threats, all caused primarily by human activity. They include pollution, climate change, urban growth, and landscape changes such as deforestation. Each of them has its own specific impact, usually directly on ecosystems and in turn on water resources. More EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation.DESERTIFICATION
BORON IN FOOD
Adults: Adults weigh more than children, and thus have to eat even more boron-containing food to reach the TDI. Detailed average consumption figures for different types of food are not given in the EPA report for adults, but the values given for male children aged 12 to 19 should be comparable, or perhaps higher than the average adultconsumption.
ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE Arctic Climate Change. Context - Our climate is already changing, particularly in the Arctic where permafrost is melting, glaciers are receding, and sea ice is disappearing. Changes in the Arctic will not only affect local people and ecosystems but also the rest of the world, because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate. GLOSSARY: EPA CANCER CLASSIFICATION Chemicals or other agents in the environment assessed by US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) are classified in five groups based on the existing scientific evidence for carcinogenicity. Group A: "Human Carcinogen". There is enough evidence to conclude that it can cause cancer in humans. EPA definition. Group B1: "Probable HumanCarcinogen".
AIR POLLUTION NITROGEN DIOXIDE This Digest is a faithful summary of two leading scientific consensus reports produced in 2003 and 2004 by the World Health Organization (WHO): ' Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide' and ' Answer to follow-up questions fromCAFE (2004)'
ABOUT GREENFACTS
The GreenFacts initiative is a non-profit project founded in 2001. Its mission is to provide non-specialists with clear and strictly factual summaries of complex scientific consensus reports on health, the environment and sustainable development. POLLUTION: 1. INTRODUCTION Pollution can take many forms, ranging from organic compounds and other chemical substances to different types of energy. Some types of pollution are easily noticed, such as certain forms of contaminated water, poor air quality, industrial waste, litter, light, heat and noise. Others are less visible, for example pesticides in food,mercury in
EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS Introduction. Cannabis is a significant political, health and law-enforcement issue. Across North America, the public discourse on cannabis tends to focus on sociopolitical and legal issues. With evidence, opinions and perspectives being released and discussed every day the public has become increasingly confused about cannabis’ status, prevalence and effects. ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE Arctic Climate Change. Context - Our climate is already changing, particularly in the Arctic where permafrost is melting, glaciers are receding, and sea ice is disappearing. Changes in the Arctic will not only affect local people and ecosystems but also the rest of the world, because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate. AIR POLLUTION NITROGEN DIOXIDE This Digest is a faithful summary of two leading scientific consensus reports produced in 2003 and 2004 by the World Health Organization (WHO): ' Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide' and ' Answer to follow-up questions fromCAFE (2004)'
GLOBAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ARCTIC The Arctic is also both a source and sink for greenhouse gases. New estimates indicate that Arctic soils hold about 50% of the world’s soil carbon. Changes in the quantities of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane stored or released in the Arctic region canthus have a
FLUORIDE - GREENFACTS This Digest is a faithful summary of the leading scientific consensus report produced in 2002 by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS): 'Environmental Health Criteria for GREENFACTS' PARTNERS GreenFacts' Partners. We establish partnerships with different organizations that: Share our Vision: "In the environmental and health fields, the current state of scientific knowledge is an essential basis for constructive debates and informed decisions". LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTS OF TABLEWARE: WHAT THE SCIENCE TELL This matrix attempts to capture the main variables and their effect on the different tableware alternatives, acknowledging that such a representation inevitably requires a substantial degree ofsimplification.
ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE: 5. HOW WILL ANIMALS BE AFFECTED BY Arctic marine fisheries provide an important food source globally, and are a vital part of the region’s economy. In the past climate change has induced major ecosystem shifts in some areas and this could happen again resulting in radical unpredictable changes in species present. More 5.2.1 An example of a positive impact of climate change is the cod population in West Greenland which GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS BIODIVERSITY & HUMAN WELL-BEINGWATER RESOURCES
Water resources face a host of serious threats, all caused primarily by human activity. They include pollution, climate change, urban growth, and landscape changes such as deforestation. Each of them has its own specific impact, usually directly on ecosystems and in turn on water resources. More EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation.DESERTIFICATION
BORON IN FOOD
Adults: Adults weigh more than children, and thus have to eat even more boron-containing food to reach the TDI. Detailed average consumption figures for different types of food are not given in the EPA report for adults, but the values given for male children aged 12 to 19 should be comparable, or perhaps higher than the average adultconsumption.
ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE Arctic Climate Change. Context - Our climate is already changing, particularly in the Arctic where permafrost is melting, glaciers are receding, and sea ice is disappearing. Changes in the Arctic will not only affect local people and ecosystems but also the rest of the world, because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate. GLOSSARY: EPA CANCER CLASSIFICATION Chemicals or other agents in the environment assessed by US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) are classified in five groups based on the existing scientific evidence for carcinogenicity. Group A: "Human Carcinogen". There is enough evidence to conclude that it can cause cancer in humans. EPA definition. Group B1: "Probable HumanCarcinogen".
AIR POLLUTION NITROGEN DIOXIDE This Digest is a faithful summary of two leading scientific consensus reports produced in 2003 and 2004 by the World Health Organization (WHO): ' Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide' and ' Answer to follow-up questions fromCAFE (2004)'
GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS BIODIVERSITY & HUMAN WELL-BEINGWATER RESOURCES
Water resources face a host of serious threats, all caused primarily by human activity. They include pollution, climate change, urban growth, and landscape changes such as deforestation. Each of them has its own specific impact, usually directly on ecosystems and in turn on water resources. More EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation.DESERTIFICATION
BORON IN FOOD
Adults: Adults weigh more than children, and thus have to eat even more boron-containing food to reach the TDI. Detailed average consumption figures for different types of food are not given in the EPA report for adults, but the values given for male children aged 12 to 19 should be comparable, or perhaps higher than the average adultconsumption.
ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE Arctic Climate Change. Context - Our climate is already changing, particularly in the Arctic where permafrost is melting, glaciers are receding, and sea ice is disappearing. Changes in the Arctic will not only affect local people and ecosystems but also the rest of the world, because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate. GLOSSARY: EPA CANCER CLASSIFICATION Chemicals or other agents in the environment assessed by US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) are classified in five groups based on the existing scientific evidence for carcinogenicity. Group A: "Human Carcinogen". There is enough evidence to conclude that it can cause cancer in humans. EPA definition. Group B1: "Probable HumanCarcinogen".
AIR POLLUTION NITROGEN DIOXIDE This Digest is a faithful summary of two leading scientific consensus reports produced in 2003 and 2004 by the World Health Organization (WHO): ' Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide' and ' Answer to follow-up questions fromCAFE (2004)'
ABOUT GREENFACTS
The GreenFacts initiative is a non-profit project founded in 2001. Its mission is to provide non-specialists with clear and strictly factual summaries of complex scientific consensus reports on health, the environment and sustainable development. POLLUTION: 1. INTRODUCTION Pollution can take many forms, ranging from organic compounds and other chemical substances to different types of energy. Some types of pollution are easily noticed, such as certain forms of contaminated water, poor air quality, industrial waste, litter, light, heat and noise. Others are less visible, for example pesticides in food,mercury in
EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS Introduction. Cannabis is a significant political, health and law-enforcement issue. Across North America, the public discourse on cannabis tends to focus on sociopolitical and legal issues. With evidence, opinions and perspectives being released and discussed every day the public has become increasingly confused about cannabis’ status, prevalence and effects. ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE Arctic Climate Change. Context - Our climate is already changing, particularly in the Arctic where permafrost is melting, glaciers are receding, and sea ice is disappearing. Changes in the Arctic will not only affect local people and ecosystems but also the rest of the world, because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate. AIR POLLUTION NITROGEN DIOXIDE This Digest is a faithful summary of two leading scientific consensus reports produced in 2003 and 2004 by the World Health Organization (WHO): ' Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide' and ' Answer to follow-up questions fromCAFE (2004)'
GLOBAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ARCTIC The Arctic is also both a source and sink for greenhouse gases. New estimates indicate that Arctic soils hold about 50% of the world’s soil carbon. Changes in the quantities of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane stored or released in the Arctic region canthus have a
FLUORIDE - GREENFACTS This Digest is a faithful summary of the leading scientific consensus report produced in 2002 by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS): 'Environmental Health Criteria for GREENFACTS' PARTNERS GreenFacts' Partners. We establish partnerships with different organizations that: Share our Vision: "In the environmental and health fields, the current state of scientific knowledge is an essential basis for constructive debates and informed decisions". LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTS OF TABLEWARE: WHAT THE SCIENCE TELL This matrix attempts to capture the main variables and their effect on the different tableware alternatives, acknowledging that such a representation inevitably requires a substantial degree ofsimplification.
ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE: 5. HOW WILL ANIMALS BE AFFECTED BY Arctic marine fisheries provide an important food source globally, and are a vital part of the region’s economy. In the past climate change has induced major ecosystem shifts in some areas and this could happen again resulting in radical unpredictable changes in species present. More 5.2.1 An example of a positive impact of climate change is the cod population in West Greenland which GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS BIODIVERSITY & HUMAN WELL-BEINGWATER RESOURCES
Water resources face a host of serious threats, all caused primarily by human activity. They include pollution, climate change, urban growth, and landscape changes such as deforestation. Each of them has its own specific impact, usually directly on ecosystems and in turn on water resources. More EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation.DESERTIFICATION
BORON IN FOOD
Adults: Adults weigh more than children, and thus have to eat even more boron-containing food to reach the TDI. Detailed average consumption figures for different types of food are not given in the EPA report for adults, but the values given for male children aged 12 to 19 should be comparable, or perhaps higher than the average adultconsumption.
ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE Arctic Climate Change. Context - Our climate is already changing, particularly in the Arctic where permafrost is melting, glaciers are receding, and sea ice is disappearing. Changes in the Arctic will not only affect local people and ecosystems but also the rest of the world, because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate. GLOSSARY: EPA CANCER CLASSIFICATION Chemicals or other agents in the environment assessed by US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) are classified in five groups based on the existing scientific evidence for carcinogenicity. Group A: "Human Carcinogen". There is enough evidence to conclude that it can cause cancer in humans. EPA definition. Group B1: "Probable HumanCarcinogen".
AIR POLLUTION NITROGEN DIOXIDE This Digest is a faithful summary of two leading scientific consensus reports produced in 2003 and 2004 by the World Health Organization (WHO): ' Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide' and ' Answer to follow-up questions fromCAFE (2004)'
GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS BIODIVERSITY & HUMAN WELL-BEINGWATER RESOURCES
Water resources face a host of serious threats, all caused primarily by human activity. They include pollution, climate change, urban growth, and landscape changes such as deforestation. Each of them has its own specific impact, usually directly on ecosystems and in turn on water resources. More EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS CADMIUM - GREENFACTS In its elemental form, cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal. It is not usually present in the environment as a pure metal, but is most often found in zinc, lead, and copper ores. Cadmium is not an element that is used by the body, and it is toxic. It mainly affects kidneys and bones. It is also a carcinogen by inhalation.DESERTIFICATION
BORON IN FOOD
Adults: Adults weigh more than children, and thus have to eat even more boron-containing food to reach the TDI. Detailed average consumption figures for different types of food are not given in the EPA report for adults, but the values given for male children aged 12 to 19 should be comparable, or perhaps higher than the average adultconsumption.
ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE Arctic Climate Change. Context - Our climate is already changing, particularly in the Arctic where permafrost is melting, glaciers are receding, and sea ice is disappearing. Changes in the Arctic will not only affect local people and ecosystems but also the rest of the world, because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate. GLOSSARY: EPA CANCER CLASSIFICATION Chemicals or other agents in the environment assessed by US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) are classified in five groups based on the existing scientific evidence for carcinogenicity. Group A: "Human Carcinogen". There is enough evidence to conclude that it can cause cancer in humans. EPA definition. Group B1: "Probable HumanCarcinogen".
AIR POLLUTION NITROGEN DIOXIDE This Digest is a faithful summary of two leading scientific consensus reports produced in 2003 and 2004 by the World Health Organization (WHO): ' Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide' and ' Answer to follow-up questions fromCAFE (2004)'
ABOUT GREENFACTS
The GreenFacts initiative is a non-profit project founded in 2001. Its mission is to provide non-specialists with clear and strictly factual summaries of complex scientific consensus reports on health, the environment and sustainable development. POLLUTION: 1. INTRODUCTION Pollution can take many forms, ranging from organic compounds and other chemical substances to different types of energy. Some types of pollution are easily noticed, such as certain forms of contaminated water, poor air quality, industrial waste, litter, light, heat and noise. Others are less visible, for example pesticides in food,mercury in
EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE BY TEENS Introduction. Cannabis is a significant political, health and law-enforcement issue. Across North America, the public discourse on cannabis tends to focus on sociopolitical and legal issues. With evidence, opinions and perspectives being released and discussed every day the public has become increasingly confused about cannabis’ status, prevalence and effects. ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE Arctic Climate Change. Context - Our climate is already changing, particularly in the Arctic where permafrost is melting, glaciers are receding, and sea ice is disappearing. Changes in the Arctic will not only affect local people and ecosystems but also the rest of the world, because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate. AIR POLLUTION NITROGEN DIOXIDE This Digest is a faithful summary of two leading scientific consensus reports produced in 2003 and 2004 by the World Health Organization (WHO): ' Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide' and ' Answer to follow-up questions fromCAFE (2004)'
GLOBAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ARCTIC The Arctic is also both a source and sink for greenhouse gases. New estimates indicate that Arctic soils hold about 50% of the world’s soil carbon. Changes in the quantities of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane stored or released in the Arctic region canthus have a
FLUORIDE - GREENFACTS This Digest is a faithful summary of the leading scientific consensus report produced in 2002 by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS): 'Environmental Health Criteria for GREENFACTS' PARTNERS GreenFacts' Partners. We establish partnerships with different organizations that: Share our Vision: "In the environmental and health fields, the current state of scientific knowledge is an essential basis for constructive debates and informed decisions". LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTS OF TABLEWARE: WHAT THE SCIENCE TELL This matrix attempts to capture the main variables and their effect on the different tableware alternatives, acknowledging that such a representation inevitably requires a substantial degree ofsimplification.
ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE: 5. HOW WILL ANIMALS BE AFFECTED BY Arctic marine fisheries provide an important food source globally, and are a vital part of the region’s economy. In the past climate change has induced major ecosystem shifts in some areas and this could happen again resulting in radical unpredictable changes in species present. More 5.2.1 An example of a positive impact of climate change is the cod population in West Greenland which×
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GreenFacts Express: latest reports * JAN. 17, 2020 - The IPCC highlights the impacts of climate change on the oceans and the cryosphere in their latest special report: https://t.co/8VpJFMDhvg * JAN. 17, 2020 - The UN creates international days and a year to put emphasis on food and agriculture. 2021 is going to be Year of f… https://t.co/tiNXbhyvtv * SEP. 16, 2019 - FAO looks at antimicrobial resistance and how we could trace its movement from agricultural systems to the environm… https://t.co/3E6FnqX3rQLATEST SUMMARIES
THE ESSENTIALS OF THE "GREEN DEAL" OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION The European Union has published, at the end of 2019, a European Green Deal, which covers policy guidance on climate and pollution. These are the essential proposals. _More..._
_This is a faithful summary of the leading report produced in 2019 by European Commission (EC):"The European Green Deal" _
Latest update: 7 January 2020 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: A GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF THEIR TRENDS The IPBES has published its first global assessement of biodiversity. What are the conclusions of this evaluation of ecosystems and the services they provide ? _More..._
_This is a faithful summary of the leading report produced in 2019 by The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES):"The global assessment report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem services, summary for policymakers" _
Latest update: 20 December 2019View All
WELCOME TO GREENFACTS The GreenFacts Initiative is a non-profit project with an independent Scientific Board and a non-advocacy policy. OUR MISSION is to bring complex scientific consensus reports on health and the environment to the reach of non-specialists. GREENFACTS PUBLISHES clear, faithful, and verified summaries of existing scientific reports on health, the environment and sustainable development. THEMES COVERED BY OUR SUMMARIESAIR POLLUTION
Current levels of air pollution still affect public health. Air pollution can cause respiratory diseases and reduce life expectancy.BIODIVERSITY
What is the current state of biodiversity and the consequences of its loss for ecosystems and humans?CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
Substances we take in through food and water or through the air we breathe may influence our health.CLIMATE CHANGE
What is the state of scientific research and knowledge on climatechange?
CONSUMER SAFETY
Some consumer products may entail risks. For example are all tooth filling materials equally safe? Can using an MP3 player threaten myhearing?
DISEASE PREVENTION
Several diseases, such as AIDS, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer are on the rise. How can they be prevented or their progressslowed down?
ENERGY
Rising fuel prices and concerns about climate change and oil dependence have brought energy to the forefront of public debates and policies. What is the future of energy production?FOOD & LIFESTYLE
Our eating habits or our consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs can each have consequences for our health.RADIATION &
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS Radioactive materials, ultraviolet radiation, electromagnetic fields from mobile phones, power-lines, and other devices, the whole spectrumis covered.
RISKS OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES New technologies are entering our shopping carts. How do they differ from traditional products? Do they pose potential risk to our health or to the environment?STATE OF THE
ENVIRONMENT
What is the current state of our ecosystems, forests and drylands? How is our environment affected by human activities? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Sustainability is the capacity to meet our needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. How sustainable arecurrent practices?
How sustainable are current practices? BIOSECURITY TOOLS TO MANAGE PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS Biosecurity is concerned with animal and plant diseases, invasive species, the transmission of diseases from livestock to humans, and the effect that all of these can have of health and the environment. How can it be ensured through an integrated approach? _More..._
_This is a faithful synthesis and summary of several scientific consensus reports. For the full list of sources, see the references._
Latest update: 16 December 2019 HAZARDS AND RISKS OF THE PESTICIDES CHLORPYRIFOS AND CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL: THE EUROPEAN FOOD SAFETY AGENCY (EFSA) EVALUATION AND CONSEQUENCES FOR THEIR FUTURE USE IN THE E.U. The approval of chlorpyrifos has recently been suspended by the european commission. What are the EFSA conclusions that led to that suspension of itsapproval? _More...
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_This is a faithful synthesis and summary of several scientific consensus reports. For the full list of sources, see the references._
Latest update: 13 December 2019 EVOLUTION OF USES AND EMISSIONS OF FLUORINATED GASES, IN PARTICULAR THOSE OF HYDRO-FLUOROCARBON TYPE(H-FC).
Fluorinated gasses have an effect on the ozone layer and on the climate. What are the stakes related to their use in refrigeration or air conditioning? _More..._
_This is a faithful synthesis and summary of several scientific consensus reports. For the full list of sources, see the references._
Latest update: 21 November 2019 EXPOSURE TO MULTIPLE “CHEMICAL MIXTURES”: METHODS FOR THEIR HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT Organisms, including humans, are exposed to mixtures of chemicals rather than to isolated, single compounds. Yet the safety of chemicals is usually assessed compound per compound. But how to evaluate the risk of multiple possible combinations of chemicals when present in a mixture? _More..._
_This is a faithful summary of the leading report produced in 2015 by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA):"Harmonisation of human and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiplechemicals
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Latest update: 21 August 2019 THE 2019 REASSESSMENT OF THE PESTICIDE SULFOXAFLOR AND, IN PARTICULAR, ITS IMPACT ON BEES AND OTHERPOLLINATORS
Sulfoxaflor is a new insecticide active ingredient that was recently registered for approval. It has been developed subsequent to the restrictions of use of neonicotinoids1, partly because of their effects on honey bees. Is this new molecule safe? _More..._
_This is a faithful synthesis and summary of several scientific consensus reports. For the full list of sources, see the references._
Latest update: 26 April 2019A-Z List
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SynBio uses faster and easier methods for producing genetically modified organisms (GMOs). What could be the potential risks of synthetic biology? _More..._
_The answers to these questions are a faithful summary of the scientific opinion produced in 2015 by the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) and the Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER):" Opinion on Synthetic Biology I - Definition" _
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