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ANIMAL EXPLOITATION: INTRODUCTION Animal exploitation: Introduction. Billions of animals are killed every year by humans for the sake of our own benefit. In addition, they are also made to suffer in terrible ways. They are captured, or they are farmed in uncomfortable and stressful conditions, being ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION The number of animals used in animal experimentation is certainly smaller than that of those used in others such as animal farming or the fishing industry. 1 Yet it has been estimated to be well above 100 million animals who are used every year. 2. The ways in which these animals can be harmed in experimental procedures, also known as VIRTUE ETHICS AND CARE ETHICS ANIMAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION DIFFÉRENTES THÉORIES ÉTHIQUES ANIMALS AND POLITICS HOW FIREWORKS HARM NONHUMAN ANIMALS Fireworks and other explosive materials affect animals who live with humans, whose reactions we can easily see. They also harm many more animals in urban and wild environments. Nonhuman animals can experience acute and chronic stress, hearing damage, blindness, lost homes, abandoned children, and sickness or death due to posioning, fright, or disorientation. Read more LES ANIMAUX ET LES CATASTROPHES NATURELLES Les animaux et les catastrophes naturelles. Les animaux vivant l’état sauvage sont particulièrement vulnérables aux catastrophes naturelles et aux dommages qui en découlent. Les tremblements de terre, les ouragans, les éruptions volcaniques, les tsunamis et les feux de forêt naturels peuvent avoir des conséquencesdévastatrices.
ANIMAIS USADOS PARA VESTUÁRIO Animais usados para vestuário. Uma das razões pelas quais os animais não humanos são frequentemente vítimas de sofrimento, privação e morte, é a produção de materiais para vestuário. Consequentemente, o uso de vestuário de origem animal significa um dano para muitos animais que são indivíduos com capacidade de sofrer e desfrutar. ETHICAL THEORIES AND NONHUMAN ANIMALS Ethical theories and nonhuman animals. Ethics is a critical reflection on how we should act and why. Animal ethics is the field of ethics that deals with how and why we should take nonhuman animals into account in our moral decisions. Different ethical theories disagree about how we should act in many situations. For example, according tosome
VIRTUE ETHICS AND CARE ETHICS ANIMAL EXPLOITATION: INTRODUCTION Animal exploitation: Introduction. Billions of animals are killed every year by humans for the sake of our own benefit. In addition, they are also made to suffer in terrible ways. They are captured, or they are farmed in uncomfortable and stressful conditions, being ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION The number of animals used in animal experimentation is certainly smaller than that of those used in others such as animal farming or the fishing industry. 1 Yet it has been estimated to be well above 100 million animals who are used every year. 2. The ways in which these animals can be harmed in experimental procedures, also known as ANIMAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION ANIMALS IN NATURAL DISASTERS HOW FIREWORKS HARM NONHUMAN ANIMALS Fireworks and other explosive materials affect animals who live with humans, whose reactions we can easily see. They also harm many more animals in urban and wild environments. Nonhuman animals can experience acute and chronic stress, hearing damage, blindness, lost homes, abandoned children, and sickness or death due to posioning, fright, or disorientation. Read more ANIMALS AND POLITICS WHAT BEINGS ARE NOT CONSCIOUSL’UTILITARISME
L’utilitarisme. L’utilitarisme est une théorie éthique selon laquelle nous devrions agir de manière à apporter, engendrer, créer le plus de bonheur possible dans le monde. Cette théorie défend les trois points suivants : (1) La quantité de bonheur (ou la satisfaction des désirs) devrait être la plus importante possible. ETHICAL THEORIES AND NONHUMAN ANIMALS Ethical theories and nonhuman animals. Ethics is a critical reflection on how we should act and why. Animal ethics is the field of ethics that deals with how and why we should take nonhuman animals into account in our moral decisions. Different ethical theories disagree about how we should act in many situations. For example, according tosome
ANIMAL EXPLOITATION: INTRODUCTION Animal exploitation: Introduction. Billions of animals are killed every year by humans for the sake of our own benefit. In addition, they are also made to suffer in terrible ways. They are captured, or they are farmed in uncomfortable and stressful conditions, being ANIMALS AND POLITICS Politics are simply about the aims that societies have, and if nonhuman animals should not be discriminated against, then their defense, including the protection of their interests and helping them when they need it, should be undertaken and politically and legally enforced. But this can only happen if we reject the current prevailingattitude
ANIMAL BRANDING
Fire. Heat branding is a permanent, painful branding method in which a red-hot iron is applied directly to the animal’s skin. This is a traditional branding method for cows, horses, mules, and buffaloes, although it has also been used on sheeps and goats. Calves and colts are branded before being weaned (at approximately 3-5 months of age NEW TEXTS ABOUT SUFFERING-FOCUSED ETHICS AND Suffering-focused ethics. Suffering-focused ethics is a family of ethical theories according to which reducing suffering should have priority over other issues. THE LEGAL STATUS OF NONHUMAN ANIMALS Changing the legal status of nonhuman animals. For this reason, granting significant legal protection to nonhuman animals can only be done in two ways: (1) Completely changing the legal system by replacing it with a brand new one. (2) Granting nonhuman animals the status of legal rights holders. WHAT BEINGS ARE NOT CONSCIOUS What beings are not conscious. Beings that have no centralized nervous systems are not sentient. This includes bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plants and certain animals. There is the possibility that a number of animals with very simple centralized nervous systems are not sentient either, but this is an open question and cannot be settled LES ANIMAUX ET LES CATASTROPHES NATURELLES Les animaux et les catastrophes naturelles. Les animaux vivant l’état sauvage sont particulièrement vulnérables aux catastrophes naturelles et aux dommages qui en découlent. Les tremblements de terre, les ouragans, les éruptions volcaniques, les tsunamis et les feux de forêt naturels peuvent avoir des conséquencesdévastatrices.
DIFFÉRENTES THÉORIES ÉTHIQUES Différentes théories éthiques. Selon l’ éthique utilitariste, un résultat optimal est celui qui permet de maximiser la somme de bien-être ou de bonheur de chaque individu. En d’autres termes, si l’on pouvait additionner le bien-être et le mal-être del’ensemble des
L’UTILITARISME
L’utilitarisme. L’utilitarisme est une théorie éthique selon laquelle nous devrions agir de manière à apporter, engendrer, créer le plus de bonheur possible dans le monde. Cette théorie défend les trois points suivants : (1) La quantité de bonheur (ou la satisfaction des désirs) devrait être la plus importante possible. ETHICAL THEORIES AND NONHUMAN ANIMALS Ethical theories and nonhuman animals. Ethics is a critical reflection on how we should act and why. Animal ethics is the field of ethics that deals with how and why we should take nonhuman animals into account in our moral decisions. Different ethical theories disagree about how we should act in many situations. For example, according tosome
ANIMAL EXPLOITATION: INTRODUCTION Animal exploitation: Introduction. Billions of animals are killed every year by humans for the sake of our own benefit. In addition, they are also made to suffer in terrible ways. They are captured, or they are farmed in uncomfortable and stressful conditions, being ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION The number of animals used in animal experimentation is certainly smaller than that of those used in others such as animal farming or the fishing industry. 1 Yet it has been estimated to be well above 100 million animals who are used every year. 2. The ways in which these animals can be harmed in experimental procedures, also known as VIRTUE ETHICS AND CARE ETHICS ANIMAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION DIFFÉRENTES THÉORIES ÉTHIQUES ANIMALS AND POLITICS HOW FIREWORKS HARM NONHUMAN ANIMALS Fireworks and other explosive materials affect animals who live with humans, whose reactions we can easily see. They also harm many more animals in urban and wild environments. Nonhuman animals can experience acute and chronic stress, hearing damage, blindness, lost homes, abandoned children, and sickness or death due to posioning, fright, or disorientation. Read more LES ANIMAUX ET LES CATASTROPHES NATURELLES Les animaux et les catastrophes naturelles. Les animaux vivant l’état sauvage sont particulièrement vulnérables aux catastrophes naturelles et aux dommages qui en découlent. Les tremblements de terre, les ouragans, les éruptions volcaniques, les tsunamis et les feux de forêt naturels peuvent avoir des conséquencesdévastatrices.
ANIMAIS USADOS PARA VESTUÁRIO Animais usados para vestuário. Uma das razões pelas quais os animais não humanos são frequentemente vítimas de sofrimento, privação e morte, é a produção de materiais para vestuário. Consequentemente, o uso de vestuário de origem animal significa um dano para muitos animais que são indivíduos com capacidade de sofrer e desfrutar. ETHICAL THEORIES AND NONHUMAN ANIMALS Ethical theories and nonhuman animals. Ethics is a critical reflection on how we should act and why. Animal ethics is the field of ethics that deals with how and why we should take nonhuman animals into account in our moral decisions. Different ethical theories disagree about how we should act in many situations. For example, according tosome
ANIMAL EXPLOITATION: INTRODUCTION Animal exploitation: Introduction. Billions of animals are killed every year by humans for the sake of our own benefit. In addition, they are also made to suffer in terrible ways. They are captured, or they are farmed in uncomfortable and stressful conditions, being ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION The number of animals used in animal experimentation is certainly smaller than that of those used in others such as animal farming or the fishing industry. 1 Yet it has been estimated to be well above 100 million animals who are used every year. 2. The ways in which these animals can be harmed in experimental procedures, also known as VIRTUE ETHICS AND CARE ETHICS ANIMAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION DIFFÉRENTES THÉORIES ÉTHIQUES ANIMALS AND POLITICS HOW FIREWORKS HARM NONHUMAN ANIMALS Fireworks and other explosive materials affect animals who live with humans, whose reactions we can easily see. They also harm many more animals in urban and wild environments. Nonhuman animals can experience acute and chronic stress, hearing damage, blindness, lost homes, abandoned children, and sickness or death due to posioning, fright, or disorientation. Read more LES ANIMAUX ET LES CATASTROPHES NATURELLES Les animaux et les catastrophes naturelles. Les animaux vivant l’état sauvage sont particulièrement vulnérables aux catastrophes naturelles et aux dommages qui en découlent. Les tremblements de terre, les ouragans, les éruptions volcaniques, les tsunamis et les feux de forêt naturels peuvent avoir des conséquencesdévastatrices.
ANIMAIS USADOS PARA VESTUÁRIO Animais usados para vestuário. Uma das razões pelas quais os animais não humanos são frequentemente vítimas de sofrimento, privação e morte, é a produção de materiais para vestuário. Consequentemente, o uso de vestuário de origem animal significa um dano para muitos animais que são indivíduos com capacidade de sofrer e desfrutar. ANIMAL EXPLOITATION: INTRODUCTION Animal exploitation: Introduction. Billions of animals are killed every year by humans for the sake of our own benefit. In addition, they are also made to suffer in terrible ways. They are captured, or they are farmed in uncomfortable and stressful conditions, being ANIMAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION Animal consciousness and cognition. Animal sentience studies look at nonhuman animals’ ability to have positive and negative experiences. At the most basic level, positive and negative experiences are pain and pleasure, but they can also include psychological states ofsuffering and joy.
ANIMALS AND POLITICS 1 To start reading about this see: Wolff, J. (2006 ) An introduction to political philosophy, 2 nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press; Lawson, K. (2003 ) The human polity: A comparative introduction to political science, 5 th ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin; Miller, D. (2003) Political philosophy: A very short introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press; Zeigler, H. (1990) The ANIMALS IN NATURAL DISASTERS Animals in natural disasters. Animals living in the wild are particularly vulnerable in natural disasters. Earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and forest fires can have devastating consequences. Many animals die, drowned or buried alive by dirt, ash, lava, or snow; crushed to death in collapsed or burnt burrows; smashedANIMAL BRANDING
Fire. Heat branding is a permanent, painful branding method in which a red-hot iron is applied directly to the animal’s skin. This is a traditional branding method for cows, horses, mules, and buffaloes, although it has also been used on sheeps and goats. Calves and colts are branded before being weaned (at approximately 3-5 months of age THE LEGAL STATUS OF NONHUMAN ANIMALS Changing the legal status of nonhuman animals. For this reason, granting significant legal protection to nonhuman animals can only be done in two ways: (1) Completely changing the legal system by replacing it with a brand new one. (2) Granting nonhuman animals the status of legal rights holders. NEW TEXTS ABOUT SUFFERING-FOCUSED ETHICS AND Suffering-focused ethics. Suffering-focused ethics is a family of ethical theories according to which reducing suffering should have priority over other issues. FISHING — ANIMAL ETHICS Fishing. Although the use of animals for food products affects many different species including birds and other animals, the largest number of victims are aquatic animals. The total number of fishes and other aquatic animals caught every year is very difficult to calculate. Measurements are usually made in tons, which makes it impossible to determine the exact number of individual animals killed.UTILITARIANISM
Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that defends that we should act in ways that bring about as much happiness as possible in the world. This theory defends the following four things: (1) Disvalue (i.e., what is negative) consists in either suffering, that is, negative experiences (for hedonistic utilitarianism) or frustrated TRANSPORT TO THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE The sheer quantity of animals dying during transport gives us an idea of what the experience during the journey to the slaughterhouse must be like. Stress is the biggest factor in the deaths of these animals during their journey. An estimated 47% of animal mortality cases ANIMAL EXPLOITATION: INTRODUCTION Animal exploitation: Introduction. Billions of animals are killed every year by humans for the sake of our own benefit. In addition, they are also made to suffer in terrible ways. They are captured, or they are farmed in uncomfortable and stressful conditions, being ANIMAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION The number of animals used in animal experimentation is certainly smaller than that of those used in others such as animal farming or the fishing industry. 1 Yet it has been estimated to be well above 100 million animals who are used every year. 2. The ways in which these animals can be harmed in experimental procedures, also known as VIRTUE ETHICS AND CARE ETHICSUTILITARIANISM
Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that defends that we should act in ways that bring about as much happiness as possible in the world. This theory defends the following four things: (1) Disvalue (i.e., what is negative) consists in either suffering, that is, negative experiences (for hedonistic utilitarianism) or frustrated ANIMALS AND POLITICSCONTRACTARIANISM
This was pointed out in the 70s by Donald VanDeVeer, 5 and has been stressed, in particular, by contractarian theorist Mark Rowlands. 6. Hence we can conclude that contemporary contractarianism, like other ethical theories, is incompatible with the moral exclusion of nonhuman animals, and at odds with speciesism. WHAT BEINGS ARE NOT CONSCIOUS HOW FIREWORKS HARM NONHUMAN ANIMALS Fireworks and other explosive materials affect animals who live with humans, whose reactions we can easily see. They also harm many more animals in urban and wild environments. Nonhuman animals can experience acute and chronic stress, hearing damage, blindness, lost homes, abandoned children, and sickness or death due to posioning, fright, or disorientation. Read moreSPORT FISHING
Sport fishing. Sport fishing is by far the practice that involves the most injury and death to nonhuman animals for the purpose of entertainment. Massive numbers of fishes and other sentient beings, who have centralized nervous systems that make it possible for them to suffer and feel pleasure, endure painful injuries and deaths for humansport.
ANIMAL EXPLOITATION: INTRODUCTION Animal exploitation: Introduction. Billions of animals are killed every year by humans for the sake of our own benefit. In addition, they are also made to suffer in terrible ways. They are captured, or they are farmed in uncomfortable and stressful conditions, being ANIMAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION The number of animals used in animal experimentation is certainly smaller than that of those used in others such as animal farming or the fishing industry. 1 Yet it has been estimated to be well above 100 million animals who are used every year. 2. The ways in which these animals can be harmed in experimental procedures, also known as VIRTUE ETHICS AND CARE ETHICSUTILITARIANISM
Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that defends that we should act in ways that bring about as much happiness as possible in the world. This theory defends the following four things: (1) Disvalue (i.e., what is negative) consists in either suffering, that is, negative experiences (for hedonistic utilitarianism) or frustrated ANIMALS AND POLITICSCONTRACTARIANISM
This was pointed out in the 70s by Donald VanDeVeer, 5 and has been stressed, in particular, by contractarian theorist Mark Rowlands. 6. Hence we can conclude that contemporary contractarianism, like other ethical theories, is incompatible with the moral exclusion of nonhuman animals, and at odds with speciesism. WHAT BEINGS ARE NOT CONSCIOUS HOW FIREWORKS HARM NONHUMAN ANIMALS Fireworks and other explosive materials affect animals who live with humans, whose reactions we can easily see. They also harm many more animals in urban and wild environments. Nonhuman animals can experience acute and chronic stress, hearing damage, blindness, lost homes, abandoned children, and sickness or death due to posioning, fright, or disorientation. Read moreSPORT FISHING
Sport fishing. Sport fishing is by far the practice that involves the most injury and death to nonhuman animals for the purpose of entertainment. Massive numbers of fishes and other sentient beings, who have centralized nervous systems that make it possible for them to suffer and feel pleasure, endure painful injuries and deaths for humansport.
ETHICAL THEORIES AND NONHUMAN ANIMALS Ethical theories and nonhuman animals. Ethics is a critical reflection on how we should act and why. Animal ethics is the field of ethics that deals with how and why we should take nonhuman animals into account in our moral decisions. Different ethical theories disagree about how we should act in many situations. For example, according tosome
ANIMALS AND POLITICS 1 To start reading about this see: Wolff, J. (2006 ) An introduction to political philosophy, 2 nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press; Lawson, K. (2003 ) The human polity: A comparative introduction to political science, 5 th ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin; Miller, D. (2003) Political philosophy: A very short introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press; Zeigler, H. (1990) The THE SITUATION OF ANIMALS IN THE WILD Animals who survive face many threats to their lives and natural harms are part of their everyday experience. This includes physical injuries, illness, hunger, malnutrition and thirst, and psychological stress. Being concerned about the situation of animals in the wild differs from having conservationist views, though the two are oftenconfused.
WHAT BEINGS ARE NOT CONSCIOUS What beings are not conscious. Beings that have no centralized nervous systems are not sentient. This includes bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plants and certain animals. There is the possibility that a number of animals with very simple centralized nervous systems are not sentient either, but this is an open question and cannot be settled NEW TEXTS ABOUT SUFFERING-FOCUSED ETHICS AND Suffering-focused ethics. Suffering-focused ethics is a family of ethical theories according to which reducing suffering should have priority over other issues. TRANSPORT TO THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE The sheer quantity of animals dying during transport gives us an idea of what the experience during the journey to the slaughterhouse must be like. Stress is the biggest factor in the deaths of these animals during their journey. An estimated 47% of animal mortality cases ANIMALS KEPT AS COMPANIONS OR FOR LEISURE Animals kept as companions or for leisure. Many animals are bred and bought because people like to spend part of their free time with them. These are sold as “companion animals.”. Of course, this is very different from adopting abandoned animals where the reason for the rescue is the well-being of the animals themselves. VIEWS SUPPORTING SPECIESISM Views supporting speciesism. 29 Jun 2017. In our section about animals and ethics we include several texts explaining the arguments for rejecting speciesism. These arguments have been used by different animal ethicists to oppose discrimination against nonhuman animals. However, the idea that such discrimination should be rejected is stillfar
L’UTILITARISME
L’utilitarisme. L’utilitarisme est une théorie éthique selon laquelle nous devrions agir de manière à apporter, engendrer, créer le plus de bonheur possible dans le monde. Cette théorie défend les trois points suivants : (1) La quantité de bonheur (ou la satisfaction des désirs) devrait être la plus importante possible.SPORT FISHING
Sport fishing. Sport fishing is by far the practice that involves the most injury and death to nonhuman animals for the purpose of entertainment. Massive numbers of fishes and other sentient beings, who have centralized nervous systems that make it possible for them to suffer and feel pleasure, endure painful injuries and deaths for humansport.
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INVERTEBRATE SENTIENCE: A REVIEW OF THE BEHAVIORAL EVIDENCE Whether invertebrate animals possess sentience is a key question. If invertebrates are sentient, this would mean they have the ability to experience pain. Read more Latest publicationsMore posts on our blog >>> VACCINATING BADGERS IN THE UK CAN END THE KILLING AND HELP ANIMALS Vaccinating badgers against bTB is well-studied and interventions such as this can lay the groundwork for future interventions to help animals living in the wild instead of killing them. Read more WHY THE USE OF INSECTS TO FEED OTHER ANIMALS SHOULD BE STOPPED: ANIMAL ETHICS FEEDBACK TO THE EUROPEAN UNION Along with other organizations, Animal Ethics provided feedback to the European Union explaining why insect farming should be stopped. Readmore
WILD ANIMAL SUFFERING ADVOCACY WORKSHOP This is an excellent opportunity to increase your knowledge and expand your advocacy skills in wild animal suffering work. The workshop will be based on the materials of our wild animal suffering video course.Read more
Featured articlesWhere to start >>> WILD ANIMAL SUFFERING VIDEO COURSE This course includes 28 videos that explain the situation of animals in the wild, why and how to help, and how to promote academic work on this fied. Read more WHAT ANIMALS ARE SENTIENT, AND WHY IT MATTERS Evidence indicates that vertebrates and many invertebrates are sentient. Sentience is the capacity to feel and have experiences suchas pain. Read more
INTRODUCTION TO WILD ANIMAL SUFFERING EBOOK Most animals suffer in the wild and die prematurely, but it’s possible to help them. This book explains the reasons and the different ways to do it. Read more The plight of nonhuman animals & how to helpANIMAL EXPLOITATION
Animals in the billions are forced to live in confinement, their lives filled with pain, boredom and fear, or are captured and deprived of their lives in very painful ways.Read more
ANIMAL SENTIENCE
Sentience is what matters when we consider which beings to give moral consideration. We need further study on the issues of what physical structures are necessary for sentience, which beings are sentient, and the interests sentient beings may have.Read more
MANY PEOPLE ARE LEARNING THAT ANIMALS IN THE WILD DON'T HAVE PREDOMINANTLY GOOD LIVES. MOST ANIMALS IN THE WILD DIE SHORTLY AFTER COMING INTO EXISTENCE, AND SUFFER DUE TO INJURIES, DISEASE, HUNGER, HOSTILE WEATHER, ATTACKS OR DISTRESS. IN SOME CASES THEY CAN BE HELPED BUT FOR THE MOST PART THEY ARE NOT.READ MORE
ETHICS & ANIMALS
Giving moral consideration to nonhuman animals means acknowledging that our actions can harm or benefit them. We show that all major ethical theories imply that sentient animals should be given moralconsideration.
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WHAT WE DO
Animal Ethics provides information and resources about the reasons to respect all animals, promotes discussion and debate about issues in animal ethics, and encourages academics and scientists to do researchin related areas.
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DEFENDING ANIMALS
All around the world there are people helping and defending animals, including those who are exploited by humans and those in need of help in the wild. You can make a difference too by rejecting animal exploitation and by collaborating with organizations opposingspeciesism.
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