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FACT SHEET: FRANCE'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Fact Sheet: France’s Nuclear Inventory. France began its nuclear weapons program in the early 1950s in an effort to restore political and military parity with their perceived peers and potential adversaries. In the wake of the United Kingdom and Russia acquiring nuclear capabilities, France moved quickly and produced its firstplutonium bomb
WHY THE UNITED STATES SHOULD REENTER THE JCPOA The growth of Iran’s nuclear program remains one of the most pressing national security concerns of the United States and its allies. President Joe Biden has indicated his support for reentering the Iran nuclear deal, known formally as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), if Tehran returns to compliance with the agreement. While not accounting for the diplomatic NEW START AND TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS 820 1st Street NE, Suite LL-180 Washington, D.C. 20002 Phone:202.546.0795
WHITE HOUSE BUDGET REQUEST FOR FISCAL YEAR 2021 NUCLEAR . While not included in the Pentagon’s and NNSA’s budgets as nuclear weapons program, the spending request includes a separate category called “Missile Defeat and Defense” which is primarily to defend against nuclear weapons FACT SHEET: PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Pakistan tested its first nuclear weapon in 1998, becoming the world’s 7th state to officially test a nuclear weapon. The exact yields of the weapons in the country’s current arsenal are not known, but general estimates are between 5-12 kilotons (kt) for most weapons, with some longer-range ballistic missiles possibly reaching40 kt.
U.S. INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILES armscontrolcenter.org 1 U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles The land-based leg of the U.S. nuclear triad is currently composed of 400 deployed Minuteman III SENIOR SCIENCE FELLOW DR. LYNN C. KLOTZ'S LETTER TO THE 820 1st Street NE, Suite LL-180 Washington, D.C. 20002 Phone:202.546.0795
CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATIONPOLICY ISSUESNUKES OF HAZARDJOIN USPRESSABOUTDONATE Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. Slide 1. Where do we go from here? After coming perilously close to losing all constraints on the world's two largest nuclear arsenals, the New START agreement was extended through 2026. But as both countries modernize their nuclear arsenals, the threat of a new nuclear arms race underscores the FACT SHEET: THE W93 WARHEAD The W93 is a new nuclear warhead intended for deployment on U.S. ballistic missile submarines by 2040 at an estimated preliminary total cost of more than $15 billion in Department of Energy (DOE)/ National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) and Department of Defense (DOD) funds. Many questions surround the W93, particularly on its status as the first completely FACT SHEET: ISRAEL'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Air. Israel maintains the U.S.-produced F-15, F-16 and F-35 aircraft, which are all capable of carrying nuclear gravity bombs with modification. The F-15 has a range of 3,500 kilometers, but it is unknown if it has been modified to serve a nuclear role. The F-16 has a shorter-range of 1,600 kilometers and is the most likely aircraft toserve a
FACT SHEET: FRANCE'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Fact Sheet: France’s Nuclear Inventory. France began its nuclear weapons program in the early 1950s in an effort to restore political and military parity with their perceived peers and potential adversaries. In the wake of the United Kingdom and Russia acquiring nuclear capabilities, France moved quickly and produced its firstplutonium bomb
WHY THE UNITED STATES SHOULD REENTER THE JCPOA The growth of Iran’s nuclear program remains one of the most pressing national security concerns of the United States and its allies. President Joe Biden has indicated his support for reentering the Iran nuclear deal, known formally as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), if Tehran returns to compliance with the agreement. While not accounting for the diplomatic NEW START AND TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS 820 1st Street NE, Suite LL-180 Washington, D.C. 20002 Phone:202.546.0795
WHITE HOUSE BUDGET REQUEST FOR FISCAL YEAR 2021 NUCLEAR . While not included in the Pentagon’s and NNSA’s budgets as nuclear weapons program, the spending request includes a separate category called “Missile Defeat and Defense” which is primarily to defend against nuclear weapons FACT SHEET: PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Pakistan tested its first nuclear weapon in 1998, becoming the world’s 7th state to officially test a nuclear weapon. The exact yields of the weapons in the country’s current arsenal are not known, but general estimates are between 5-12 kilotons (kt) for most weapons, with some longer-range ballistic missiles possibly reaching40 kt.
U.S. INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILES armscontrolcenter.org 1 U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles The land-based leg of the U.S. nuclear triad is currently composed of 400 deployed Minuteman III SENIOR SCIENCE FELLOW DR. LYNN C. KLOTZ'S LETTER TO THE 820 1st Street NE, Suite LL-180 Washington, D.C. 20002 Phone:202.546.0795
FACT SHEET: THE UNITED STATES' NUCLEAR INVENTORY The nuclear age began on July 16, 1945, when the United States tested the first atomic bomb. Less than a month later, the United States would become the only nation to use nuclear weapons in a conflict, dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At its peak, the United States had more than 31,000 nuclear weapons in its stockpile.Through various
BRIEF SUMMARY OF FISCAL YEAR 2021 DEFENSE AND ENERGY AND By John Isaacs and Monica Montgomery In an end-of-the-year burst of energy after months of bitter disagreements and procrastination, Congress finally approved the fiscal year 2021 omnibus appropriations bill on December 21. The bill, totaling $1.4 trillion across 12 individual appropriations bills, was packaged with a $900 billion coronavirus relief bill and other various measures, totaling FACT SHEET: BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS Updated March 2021 Biological weapons (BW) are disease-causing organisms and toxins that are designed to harm or kill humans, livestock or crops. Naturally occurring biological agents, like the organisms that cause anthrax, bubonic plague, and smallpox, are manipulated for use in weapons. These weapons can be disseminated in various ways, including through traditional military platforms NEW START AND TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS Overview New START does not impose limits on non-strategic warheads. No previous arms control agreement has limited these weapons. While experts agree that tactical weapons present difficult challenges, there was not sufficient time to reach an agreement on nonstrategic forces during this round of negotiations. The best way to address tactical nuclear weapons is to WHITE HOUSE BUDGET REQUEST FOR FISCAL YEAR 2021 NUCLEAR . While not included in the Pentagon’s and NNSA’s budgets as nuclear weapons program, the spending request includes a separate category called “Missile Defeat and Defense” which is primarily to defend against nuclear weapons FACT SHEET: PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Pakistan tested its first nuclear weapon in 1998, becoming the world’s 7th state to officially test a nuclear weapon. The exact yields of the weapons in the country’s current arsenal are not known, but general estimates are between 5-12 kilotons (kt) for most weapons, with some longer-range ballistic missiles possibly reaching40 kt.
CONFERENCE OUTCOMES OF THE FY 2021 NATIONAL DEFENSE Topline Funding Nuclear Weapons and Related Programs Columbia Class Strategic Submarine House: $4.33 billion, the requested amount Senate: $4.51 billion, an increase of $175 million Conference Outcome: $4.46 billion, an increase of $130 million B-21 Long-Range Strike Bomber House: $2.8 billion, the requested amount Senate: $2.8 billion, the requested amount Conference Outcome: FACT SHEET: THE UNITED KINGDOM'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY One of five nuclear-weapon states recognized under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the United Kingdom is in the process of reducing the overall size of its nuclear weapon stockpile. The United Kingdom maintains a minimal deterrent with the smallest deployed nuclear arsenal of the nuclear-weapon states. Its nuclear forces are entirely sea-based and the country maintains a deliberately CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATION Mariwan Hama was 8 years old when he was a victim of a chemical weapons attack. It was 1988, during the closing days of the Iran-Iraq War, and the Iraqi military gassed ethnic Kurdish civilians in their own country with a lethal cocktail of mustard gas, sarin and VX CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATION August 6 marks the 75th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, followed three days later by the bombing of Nagasaki, on August 9th. In this special episode, Nukes of Hazard host Geoff Wilson narrates a selection from John Hersey’s Hiroshima, written in 1946. CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATIONPOLICY ISSUESNUKES OF HAZARDJOIN USPRESSABOUTDONATE Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. Slide 1. Where do we go from here? After coming perilously close to losing all constraints on the world's two largest nuclear arsenals, the New START agreement was extended through 2026. But as both countries modernize their nuclear arsenals, the threat of a new nuclear arms race underscores the FACT SHEET: THE UNITED STATES' NUCLEAR INVENTORY The nuclear age began on July 16, 1945, when the United States tested the first atomic bomb. Less than a month later, the United States would become the only nation to use nuclear weapons in a conflict, dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At its peak, the United States had more than 31,000 nuclear weapons in its stockpile.Through various
FACT SHEET: THE W93 WARHEAD The W93 is a new nuclear warhead intended for deployment on U.S. ballistic missile submarines by 2040 at an estimated preliminary total cost of more than $15 billion in Department of Energy (DOE)/ National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) and Department of Defense (DOD) funds. Many questions surround the W93, particularly on its status as the first completely FACT SHEET: ISRAEL'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Air. Israel maintains the U.S.-produced F-15, F-16 and F-35 aircraft, which are all capable of carrying nuclear gravity bombs with modification. The F-15 has a range of 3,500 kilometers, but it is unknown if it has been modified to serve a nuclear role. The F-16 has a shorter-range of 1,600 kilometers and is the most likely aircraft toserve a
WHY THE UNITED STATES SHOULD REENTER THE JCPOA The growth of Iran’s nuclear program remains one of the most pressing national security concerns of the United States and its allies. President Joe Biden has indicated his support for reentering the Iran nuclear deal, known formally as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), if Tehran returns to compliance with the agreement. While not accounting for the diplomatic FACT SHEET: PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Pakistan tested its first nuclear weapon in 1998, becoming the world’s 7th state to officially test a nuclear weapon. The exact yields of the weapons in the country’s current arsenal are not known, but general estimates are between 5-12 kilotons (kt) for most weapons, with some longer-range ballistic missiles possibly reaching40 kt.
NEW START AND TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS 820 1st Street NE, Suite LL-180 Washington, D.C. 20002 Phone:202.546.0795
FACT SHEET: FRANCE'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Fact Sheet: France’s Nuclear Inventory. France began its nuclear weapons program in the early 1950s in an effort to restore political and military parity with their perceived peers and potential adversaries. In the wake of the United Kingdom and Russia acquiring nuclear capabilities, France moved quickly and produced its firstplutonium bomb
U.S. INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILES armscontrolcenter.org 1 U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles The land-based leg of the U.S. nuclear triad is currently composed of 400 deployed Minuteman III HISTORY OF CONFLICT IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN By Abby Pokraka, Program Analyst. The history between India and Pakistan, both nuclear powers, is inextricably linked. The countries have fought a series of wars since gaining their independence from Great Britain in 1947, largely over the Kashmir region, to which both countries lay claim. India became a nuclear power in 1974, and Pakistan became a nuclear power in 1998. CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATIONPOLICY ISSUESNUKES OF HAZARDJOIN USPRESSABOUTDONATE Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. Slide 1. Where do we go from here? After coming perilously close to losing all constraints on the world's two largest nuclear arsenals, the New START agreement was extended through 2026. But as both countries modernize their nuclear arsenals, the threat of a new nuclear arms race underscores the FACT SHEET: THE UNITED STATES' NUCLEAR INVENTORY The nuclear age began on July 16, 1945, when the United States tested the first atomic bomb. Less than a month later, the United States would become the only nation to use nuclear weapons in a conflict, dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At its peak, the United States had more than 31,000 nuclear weapons in its stockpile.Through various
FACT SHEET: THE W93 WARHEAD The W93 is a new nuclear warhead intended for deployment on U.S. ballistic missile submarines by 2040 at an estimated preliminary total cost of more than $15 billion in Department of Energy (DOE)/ National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) and Department of Defense (DOD) funds. Many questions surround the W93, particularly on its status as the first completely FACT SHEET: ISRAEL'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Air. Israel maintains the U.S.-produced F-15, F-16 and F-35 aircraft, which are all capable of carrying nuclear gravity bombs with modification. The F-15 has a range of 3,500 kilometers, but it is unknown if it has been modified to serve a nuclear role. The F-16 has a shorter-range of 1,600 kilometers and is the most likely aircraft toserve a
WHY THE UNITED STATES SHOULD REENTER THE JCPOA The growth of Iran’s nuclear program remains one of the most pressing national security concerns of the United States and its allies. President Joe Biden has indicated his support for reentering the Iran nuclear deal, known formally as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), if Tehran returns to compliance with the agreement. While not accounting for the diplomatic FACT SHEET: PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Pakistan tested its first nuclear weapon in 1998, becoming the world’s 7th state to officially test a nuclear weapon. The exact yields of the weapons in the country’s current arsenal are not known, but general estimates are between 5-12 kilotons (kt) for most weapons, with some longer-range ballistic missiles possibly reaching40 kt.
NEW START AND TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS 820 1st Street NE, Suite LL-180 Washington, D.C. 20002 Phone:202.546.0795
FACT SHEET: FRANCE'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Fact Sheet: France’s Nuclear Inventory. France began its nuclear weapons program in the early 1950s in an effort to restore political and military parity with their perceived peers and potential adversaries. In the wake of the United Kingdom and Russia acquiring nuclear capabilities, France moved quickly and produced its firstplutonium bomb
U.S. INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILES armscontrolcenter.org 1 U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles The land-based leg of the U.S. nuclear triad is currently composed of 400 deployed Minuteman III HISTORY OF CONFLICT IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN By Abby Pokraka, Program Analyst. The history between India and Pakistan, both nuclear powers, is inextricably linked. The countries have fought a series of wars since gaining their independence from Great Britain in 1947, largely over the Kashmir region, to which both countries lay claim. India became a nuclear power in 1974, and Pakistan became a nuclear power in 1998. NEW START AND TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS 820 1st Street NE, Suite LL-180 Washington, D.C. 20002 Phone:202.546.0795
FACT SHEET: INDIA’S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Updated March 2021 India tested its first nuclear weapon in 1974, becoming the sixth country to detonate a nuclear weapon. The country’s arsenal carries weapons with estimated average yields ranging from 12 to 40 kilotons, though exact yields are unknown. India is actively pursuing membership to the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) and became a member of the Missile Technology FACT SHEET: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY (NPT The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (also known as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, or NPT) is an international agreement designed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, promote cooperation between states on peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and advance nuclear disarmament.. The NPT was opened for signature on July 1, 1968, and the treaty went into force in CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATION Mariwan Hama was 8 years old when he was a victim of a chemical weapons attack. It was 1988, during the closing days of the Iran-Iraq War, and the Iraqi military gassed ethnic Kurdish civilians in their own country with a lethal cocktail of mustard gas, sarin and VX FACT SHEET: THE UNITED KINGDOM'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY One of five nuclear-weapon states recognized under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the United Kingdom is in the process of reducing the overall size of its nuclear weapon stockpile. The United Kingdom maintains a minimal deterrent with the smallest deployed nuclear arsenal of the nuclear-weapon states. Its nuclear forces are entirely sea-based and the country maintains a deliberately NUCLEAR WASTE ISSUES IN THE UNITED STATES By Luisa Kenausis, Scoville Fellow. The problem of what to do with nuclear waste is largely unsolved in America. Many types of radioactive waste require disposal for tens of thousands of years, and the United States only has one facility engaged in permanent disposal of nuclear waste: the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico, which permanently stores certain forms of radioactive waste CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATION August 6 marks the 75th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, followed three days later by the bombing of Nagasaki, on August 9th. In this special episode, Nukes of Hazard host Geoff Wilson narrates a selection from John Hersey’s Hiroshima, written in 1946. WHITE HOUSE BUDGET REQUEST FOR FISCAL YEAR 2021 NUCLEAR . While not included in the Pentagon’s and NNSA’s budgets as nuclear weapons program, the spending request includes a separate category called “Missile Defeat and Defense” which is primarily to defend against nuclear weapons NUCLEAR WEAPONS ARCHIVES WHAT: The House of Representative will consider a host of issues including: the authorization of $250 million for an East Coast missile defense site; new funds for nuclear weapons, including the B61 life extension program and $85 billion related to the Afghanistan War. FACT SHEET: IRAN NUCLEAR AGREEMENT: IMPLEMENTATION On July 14, 2015, the United States and its international negotiating partners reached an agreement with Iran on its nuclear program: the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) or the Iran nuclear deal. The agreement, which was formally adopted on October 18 of the same year, would only go into effect after Iran completed a number ofinitial steps.
CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATIONPOLICY ISSUESNUKES OF HAZARDJOIN USPRESSABOUTDONATE Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. Slide 1. Where do we go from here? After coming perilously close to losing all constraints on the world's two largest nuclear arsenals, the New START agreement was extended through 2026. But as both countries modernize their nuclear arsenals, the threat of a new nuclear arms race underscores the FACT SHEET: THE UNITED STATES' NUCLEAR INVENTORY The nuclear age began on July 16, 1945, when the United States tested the first atomic bomb. Less than a month later, the United States would become the only nation to use nuclear weapons in a conflict, dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At its peak, the United States had more than 31,000 nuclear weapons in its stockpile.Through various
FACT SHEET: THE W93 WARHEAD The W93 is a new nuclear warhead intended for deployment on U.S. ballistic missile submarines by 2040 at an estimated preliminary total cost of more than $15 billion in Department of Energy (DOE)/ National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) and Department of Defense (DOD) funds. Many questions surround the W93, particularly on its status as the first completely FACT SHEET: ISRAEL'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Air. Israel maintains the U.S.-produced F-15, F-16 and F-35 aircraft, which are all capable of carrying nuclear gravity bombs with modification. The F-15 has a range of 3,500 kilometers, but it is unknown if it has been modified to serve a nuclear role. The F-16 has a shorter-range of 1,600 kilometers and is the most likely aircraft toserve a
WHY THE UNITED STATES SHOULD REENTER THE JCPOA The growth of Iran’s nuclear program remains one of the most pressing national security concerns of the United States and its allies. President Joe Biden has indicated his support for reentering the Iran nuclear deal, known formally as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), if Tehran returns to compliance with the agreement. While not accounting for the diplomatic FACT SHEET: PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Pakistan tested its first nuclear weapon in 1998, becoming the world’s 7th state to officially test a nuclear weapon. The exact yields of the weapons in the country’s current arsenal are not known, but general estimates are between 5-12 kilotons (kt) for most weapons, with some longer-range ballistic missiles possibly reaching40 kt.
FACT SHEET: FRANCE'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Fact Sheet: France’s Nuclear Inventory. France began its nuclear weapons program in the early 1950s in an effort to restore political and military parity with their perceived peers and potential adversaries. In the wake of the United Kingdom and Russia acquiring nuclear capabilities, France moved quickly and produced its firstplutonium bomb
FACT SHEET: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY (NPTSEE MORE ON ARMSCONTROLCENTER.ORG U.S. INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILES armscontrolcenter.org 1 U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles The land-based leg of the U.S. nuclear triad is currently composed of 400 deployed Minuteman III HISTORY OF CONFLICT IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN By Abby Pokraka, Program Analyst. The history between India and Pakistan, both nuclear powers, is inextricably linked. The countries have fought a series of wars since gaining their independence from Great Britain in 1947, largely over the Kashmir region, to which both countries lay claim. India became a nuclear power in 1974, and Pakistan became a nuclear power in 1998. CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATIONPOLICY ISSUESNUKES OF HAZARDJOIN USPRESSABOUTDONATE Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. Slide 1. Where do we go from here? After coming perilously close to losing all constraints on the world's two largest nuclear arsenals, the New START agreement was extended through 2026. But as both countries modernize their nuclear arsenals, the threat of a new nuclear arms race underscores the FACT SHEET: THE UNITED STATES' NUCLEAR INVENTORY The nuclear age began on July 16, 1945, when the United States tested the first atomic bomb. Less than a month later, the United States would become the only nation to use nuclear weapons in a conflict, dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At its peak, the United States had more than 31,000 nuclear weapons in its stockpile.Through various
FACT SHEET: THE W93 WARHEAD The W93 is a new nuclear warhead intended for deployment on U.S. ballistic missile submarines by 2040 at an estimated preliminary total cost of more than $15 billion in Department of Energy (DOE)/ National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) and Department of Defense (DOD) funds. Many questions surround the W93, particularly on its status as the first completely FACT SHEET: ISRAEL'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Air. Israel maintains the U.S.-produced F-15, F-16 and F-35 aircraft, which are all capable of carrying nuclear gravity bombs with modification. The F-15 has a range of 3,500 kilometers, but it is unknown if it has been modified to serve a nuclear role. The F-16 has a shorter-range of 1,600 kilometers and is the most likely aircraft toserve a
WHY THE UNITED STATES SHOULD REENTER THE JCPOA The growth of Iran’s nuclear program remains one of the most pressing national security concerns of the United States and its allies. President Joe Biden has indicated his support for reentering the Iran nuclear deal, known formally as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), if Tehran returns to compliance with the agreement. While not accounting for the diplomatic FACT SHEET: PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Pakistan tested its first nuclear weapon in 1998, becoming the world’s 7th state to officially test a nuclear weapon. The exact yields of the weapons in the country’s current arsenal are not known, but general estimates are between 5-12 kilotons (kt) for most weapons, with some longer-range ballistic missiles possibly reaching40 kt.
FACT SHEET: FRANCE'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Fact Sheet: France’s Nuclear Inventory. France began its nuclear weapons program in the early 1950s in an effort to restore political and military parity with their perceived peers and potential adversaries. In the wake of the United Kingdom and Russia acquiring nuclear capabilities, France moved quickly and produced its firstplutonium bomb
FACT SHEET: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY (NPTSEE MORE ON ARMSCONTROLCENTER.ORG U.S. INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILES armscontrolcenter.org 1 U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles The land-based leg of the U.S. nuclear triad is currently composed of 400 deployed Minuteman III HISTORY OF CONFLICT IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN By Abby Pokraka, Program Analyst. The history between India and Pakistan, both nuclear powers, is inextricably linked. The countries have fought a series of wars since gaining their independence from Great Britain in 1947, largely over the Kashmir region, to which both countries lay claim. India became a nuclear power in 1974, and Pakistan became a nuclear power in 1998. FACT SHEET: THE UNITED STATES' NUCLEAR INVENTORY The nuclear age began on July 16, 1945, when the United States tested the first atomic bomb. Less than a month later, the United States would become the only nation to use nuclear weapons in a conflict, dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At its peak, the United States had more than 31,000 nuclear weapons in its stockpile.Through various
FACT SHEET: INDIA’S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Updated March 2021 India tested its first nuclear weapon in 1974, becoming the sixth country to detonate a nuclear weapon. The country’s arsenal carries weapons with estimated average yields ranging from 12 to 40 kilotons, though exact yields are unknown. India is actively pursuing membership to the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) and became a member of the Missile Technology FACT SHEET: THE UNITED KINGDOM'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY One of five nuclear-weapon states recognized under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the United Kingdom is in the process of reducing the overall size of its nuclear weapon stockpile. The United Kingdom maintains a minimal deterrent with the smallest deployed nuclear arsenal of the nuclear-weapon states. Its nuclear forces are entirely sea-based and the country maintains a deliberately FACT SHEET: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY (NPT The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (also known as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, or NPT) is an international agreement designed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, promote cooperation between states on peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and advance nuclear disarmament.. The NPT was opened for signature on July 1, 1968, and the treaty went into force in NUCLEAR WASTE ISSUES IN THE UNITED STATES By Luisa Kenausis, Scoville Fellow. The problem of what to do with nuclear waste is largely unsolved in America. Many types of radioactive waste require disposal for tens of thousands of years, and the United States only has one facility engaged in permanent disposal of nuclear waste: the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico, which permanently stores certain forms of radioactive waste CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATION Mariwan Hama was 8 years old when he was a victim of a chemical weapons attack. It was 1988, during the closing days of the Iran-Iraq War, and the Iraqi military gassed ethnic Kurdish civilians in their own country with a lethal cocktail of mustard gas, sarin and VX WHITE HOUSE BUDGET REQUEST FOR FISCAL YEAR 2021 NUCLEAR . While not included in the Pentagon’s and NNSA’s budgets as nuclear weapons program, the spending request includes a separate category called “Missile Defeat and Defense” which is primarily to defend against nuclear weapons FACT SHEET: MULTIPLE INDEPENDENTLY-TARGETABLE REENTRY Updated March 2021 Multiple Independently-targetable Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs) were originally developed in the early 1960s to permit a missile to deliver multiple nuclear warheads to different targets. In contrast to a traditional missile, which carries one warhead, MIRVs can carry multiple warheads. For instance, a Russian MIRVed missile under development may be able to carry FACT SHEET: IRAN NUCLEAR AGREEMENT: IMPLEMENTATION On July 14, 2015, the United States and its international negotiating partners reached an agreement with Iran on its nuclear program: the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) or the Iran nuclear deal. The agreement, which was formally adopted on October 18 of the same year, would only go into effect after Iran completed a number ofinitial steps.
NUCLEAR WEAPONS ARCHIVES WHAT: The House of Representative will consider a host of issues including: the authorization of $250 million for an East Coast missile defense site; new funds for nuclear weapons, including the B61 life extension program and $85 billion related to the Afghanistan War. CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATIONPOLICY ISSUESNUKES OF HAZARDJOIN USPRESSABOUTDONATE Upon hearing the news of George Wallerstein’s passing, the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation and Council for a Livable World Executive Director John Tierney released the following statement celebrating the Center board member’s — and longtime nuclear arms control champion’s — life. “George was an incredible advisor and FACT SHEET: ISRAEL'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Air. Israel maintains the U.S.-produced F-15, F-16 and F-35 aircraft, which are all capable of carrying nuclear gravity bombs with modification. The F-15 has a range of 3,500 kilometers, but it is unknown if it has been modified to serve a nuclear role. The F-16 has a shorter-range of 1,600 kilometers and is the most likely aircraft toserve a
FACT SHEET: FRANCE'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Fact Sheet: France’s Nuclear Inventory. France began its nuclear weapons program in the early 1950s in an effort to restore political and military parity with their perceived peers and potential adversaries. In the wake of the United Kingdom and Russia acquiring nuclear capabilities, France moved quickly and produced its firstplutonium bomb
FACT SHEET: BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS FACT SHEET: PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Pakistan tested its first nuclear weapon in 1998, becoming the world’s 7th state to officially test a nuclear weapon. The exact yields of the weapons in the country’s current arsenal are not known, but general estimates are between 5-12 kilotons (kt) for most weapons, with some longer-range ballistic missiles possibly reaching40 kt.
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NUKES OF HAZARD
Nukes of Hazard is the name the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation uses for producing blog posts, podcasts and videos that are smart, factual and shareable. Follow us for this great content and our takes on the latest nuclear news on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube. FACT SHEET: IRAN NUCLEAR AGREEMENT: IMPLEMENTATIONSEE MORE ON ARMSCONTROLCENTER.ORGINDIA AND PAKISTAN
The history between India and Pakistan, both nuclear powers, is inextricably linked. The countries have fought a series of wars since gaining their independence from Great Britain in 1947, largely over the Kashmir region, to which both countries lay claim. India became a nuclear power in 1974, and Pakistan became a nuclear power in 1998. LABORATORY ESCAPES AND “SELF FULFILLING PROPHECY” EPIDEMICS Escaped Viruses-final 2-17-14 2 was clearly demonstrated in the United Kingdom, where from 1963-1978 only 4 cases of smallpox (with no deaths) were reported from smallpox endemic areas, while during the CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATIONPOLICY ISSUESNUKES OF HAZARDJOIN USPRESSABOUTDONATE Upon hearing the news of George Wallerstein’s passing, the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation and Council for a Livable World Executive Director John Tierney released the following statement celebrating the Center board member’s — and longtime nuclear arms control champion’s — life. “George was an incredible advisor and FACT SHEET: ISRAEL'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Air. Israel maintains the U.S.-produced F-15, F-16 and F-35 aircraft, which are all capable of carrying nuclear gravity bombs with modification. The F-15 has a range of 3,500 kilometers, but it is unknown if it has been modified to serve a nuclear role. The F-16 has a shorter-range of 1,600 kilometers and is the most likely aircraft toserve a
FACT SHEET: FRANCE'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Fact Sheet: France’s Nuclear Inventory. France began its nuclear weapons program in the early 1950s in an effort to restore political and military parity with their perceived peers and potential adversaries. In the wake of the United Kingdom and Russia acquiring nuclear capabilities, France moved quickly and produced its firstplutonium bomb
FACT SHEET: BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS FACT SHEET: PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Pakistan tested its first nuclear weapon in 1998, becoming the world’s 7th state to officially test a nuclear weapon. The exact yields of the weapons in the country’s current arsenal are not known, but general estimates are between 5-12 kilotons (kt) for most weapons, with some longer-range ballistic missiles possibly reaching40 kt.
THE NDAA PROCESS, EXPLAINED 820 1st Street NE, Suite LL-180 Washington, D.C. 20002 Phone:202.546.0795
NUKES OF HAZARD
Nukes of Hazard is the name the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation uses for producing blog posts, podcasts and videos that are smart, factual and shareable. Follow us for this great content and our takes on the latest nuclear news on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube. FACT SHEET: IRAN NUCLEAR AGREEMENT: IMPLEMENTATIONSEE MORE ON ARMSCONTROLCENTER.ORGINDIA AND PAKISTAN
The history between India and Pakistan, both nuclear powers, is inextricably linked. The countries have fought a series of wars since gaining their independence from Great Britain in 1947, largely over the Kashmir region, to which both countries lay claim. India became a nuclear power in 1974, and Pakistan became a nuclear power in 1998. LABORATORY ESCAPES AND “SELF FULFILLING PROPHECY” EPIDEMICS Escaped Viruses-final 2-17-14 2 was clearly demonstrated in the United Kingdom, where from 1963-1978 only 4 cases of smallpox (with no deaths) were reported from smallpox endemic areas, while during the COUNTRIES - CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATION Countries. There are nine nuclear-armed states: the United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea. The Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation also provides in-depth analysis on nuclear issues concerning Iran. FISCAL YEAR 2022 DEFENSE BUDGET REQUEST BRIEFING BOOK Total National Defense Discretionary Spending Request (050) Allocation FY 21 Enacted FY 22 Request Department of Defense $703.7 billion $715 billion Department of Energy & Other Agencies $37 billion $37.9 billion Total, National Defense Spending Request $740.7 billion $753 billion (+1.7%) Total Nuclear Weapons Spending Agency FACT SHEET: BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS Updated March 2021 Biological weapons (BW) are disease-causing organisms and toxins that are designed to harm or kill humans, livestock or crops. Naturally occurring biological agents, like the organisms that cause anthrax, bubonic plague, and smallpox, are manipulated for use in weapons. These weapons can be disseminated in various ways, including through traditional military platforms ISSUES - CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATION 820 1st Street NE, Suite LL-180 Washington, D.C. 20002 Phone:202.546.0795
FACT SHEET: INDIA’S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Updated March 2021 India tested its first nuclear weapon in 1974, becoming the sixth country to detonate a nuclear weapon. The country’s arsenal carries weapons with estimated average yields ranging from 12 to 40 kilotons, though exact yields are unknown. India is actively pursuing membership to the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) and became a member of the Missile Technology FACT SHEET: FRANCE'S NUCLEAR INVENTORY Fact Sheet: France’s Nuclear Inventory. France began its nuclear weapons program in the early 1950s in an effort to restore political and military parity with their perceived peers and potential adversaries. In the wake of the United Kingdom and Russia acquiring nuclear capabilities, France moved quickly and produced its firstplutonium bomb
NUKES OF HAZARD
Nukes of Hazard is the name the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation uses for producing blog posts, podcasts and videos that are smart, factual and shareable. Follow us for this great content and our takes on the latest nuclear news on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube. BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WEAPONS Scientists Working Group on Biological and Chemical Security. The Scientists Working Group on Biological and Chemical Weapons Control, founded in 1989 at the Federation of American Scientists, moved in November 2003 to the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation to join the Center’s new program on biological and chemical weaponscontrol.
FACT SHEET: IRAN NUCLEAR AGREEMENT: IMPLEMENTATION On July 14, 2015, the United States and its international negotiating partners reached an agreement with Iran on its nuclear program: the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) or the Iran nuclear deal. The agreement, which was formally adopted on October 18 of the same year, would only go into effect after Iran completed a number ofinitial steps.
WHY THE UNITED STATES SHOULD REENTER THE JCPOA The growth of Iran’s nuclear program remains one of the most pressing national security concerns of the United States and its allies. President Joe Biden has indicated his support for reentering the Iran nuclear deal, known formally as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), if Tehran returns to compliance with the agreement. While not accounting for the diplomatic CENTER FOR ARMS CONTROL AND NON-PROLIFERATION Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation* Policy Issues
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Slide 1
Where do we go from here? After coming perilously close to losing all constraints on the world's two largest nuclear arsenals, the New START agreement was extended through 2026. But as both countries modernize their nuclear arsenals, the threat of a new nuclear arms race underscores the need for sensible non-proliferation and arms control cooperation.READ MORE
Slide 2
Test your nuclear weapons knowledge! Don’t bomb this quiz about nuclear weapons! What do you know about U.S. and global policy?READ MORE
Slide 3
The United States must once again pursue diplomacy with Iran We can make the United States and the world safer by reentering the JCPOA and putting Iran’s nuclear program back in the box.READ MORE
Slide 4
The idea is simple: we don’t need to use nuclear weapons first We can protect ourselves and our allies without having to start a nuclear war. Learn what a No First Use policy would doREAD MORE
Slide 4
National missile defense: defense theology with unproven technology Despite decades of research, development, and testing, there remains no reliably effective anti-missile system to counter ICBMs. But the hefty price tag and poor test record hasn't stopped some lawmakers from wanting to expand GMD without first proving that the system iseffective.
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June 2, 2021
U.S. NAVY FUNDS NEW SUBMARINE-LAUNCHED NUCLEAR CRUISE MISSILE BIDEN CALLED “A BAD IDEA” Research Analyst Monica Montgomery was quoted in Forbes about the Biden administration’s decision to fund a new nuclear-armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile, known as SLCM-N, in his fiscal year 2022 budget request. “Putting nuclear-armed missiles back on the conventional surface or attack submarine fleets of the Navy is a real cause for concern,” says Monica Montgomery Posted in: Center in the News, Nuclear
Weapons , Nuclear
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Press Room , United StatesJune 1, 2021
FISCAL YEAR 2022 DEFENSE BUDGET REQUEST BRIEFING BOOK Total National Defense Discretionary Spending Request (050) Allocation FY 21 Enacted FY 22 Request Department of Defense $703.7 billion $715 billion Department of Energy & Other Agencies $37 billion $37.9 billion Total, National Defense Spending Request $740.7 billion $753 billion (+1.7%)Total Nuclear Weapons Spending Agency FY21 Enacted FY22 Posted in: Factsheets & Analysis on Nuclear Weapons
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May 29, 2021
WHY SCIENTISTS ARE CONCERNED ABOUT LEAKS AT BIOLABS Gregory Koblentz and Lynn Klotz, members of our Science Working Group, were both quoted in an Agence France-Presse article about leaks at biolabs. “There are HVAC filtration systems, so that the virus can’t escape through exhaust; any waste water that leaves the facility is treated with either chemicals or high temperatures to makesure that
Posted in: Biological and Chemical Weapons , Center in the News, Press Room
May 28, 2021
INITIAL REACTIONS TO THE FY 2022 DEFENSE BUDGET CONTACT: Anna Schumann Communications Director aschumann@armscontrolcenter.org (MAY 28 – WASHINGTON) Following the Biden administration’s release of its requested FY 2022 defense budget, Executive Director and former Congressman John Tierney released the following statement, based on a quick analysis from the team at the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation: TOPLINE TOTAL SPENDING: “Spending $753 billion on defense, Posted in: Factsheets & Analysis on Nuclear Weapons Spending,
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May 28, 2021
REGARDLESS OF COVID-19’S ORIGINS, EXPERTS SAY IT’S TIME TO TIGHTEN UP BIOSECURITY LAB PROTOCOLS Gregory Koblentz, a member of our Science Working Group, was quoted in a Popular Science article on developing a global approach to biosecurity. Of the 23 countries that have BSL-4 labs, only 17 have national biosafety associations or are members of international partnerships. International bodies, the researchers say, should be providing support for the remaining Posted in: Biological and Chemical Weapons , Center in the News, Press Room
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RECENT POSTS
* U.S. Navy Funds New Submarine-Launched Nuclear Cruise Missile Biden Called “A Bad Idea”June 2, 2021
* Fiscal Year 2022 Defense Budget Request Briefing BookJune 1, 2021
* Why scientists are concerned about leaks at biolabsMay 29, 2021
* Initial Reactions to the FY 2022 Defense BudgetMay 28, 2021
* Regardless of COVID-19’s origins, experts say it’s time to tighten up biosecurity lab protocolsMay 28, 2021
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