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rotational ones.
HEALTH AND FITNESS BENEFITS OF CYCLING WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS SAVE LIVES?SEE MORE ONCYCLEHELMETS.ORG
HELMET LAWS: NORTHERN TERRITORY Introduction and scope. The Northern Territory helmet law came into effect from January 1992 and initially applied to all ages. Like other Australian laws, it was introduced due to Federal Government pressure backed by a threat of funding reductions. It was never popular withmost NT residents.
HELMET LAWS: ALBERTA BENEFIT-COST ANALYSES OF HELMET PROMOTION AND LAWS Benefit-cost analyses of helmet promotion and laws. Two published studies and two other analyses have looked at the benefit-costs of cycle helmet legislation. Much of the analysis is, however, equally valid for helmet promotion outside the context of helmet laws. In Australia the net benefit was found to lie in the range plus AUD 2million to
HELMET LAWS: QUEENSLAND CYCLE HELMETS: AN INTERNATIONAL RESOURCEHOME PAGEMAIN TOPICSNEWS HEADLINESFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONSFOR POLICY MAKERS Cycle helmets overview If you're new to the site, read this first last revised June 2012. Risk and cycling Is cycling risky? How does it compare with other activities? HELMET LAWS: BRITISH COLUMBIA HELMET LAWS: ONTARIO CYCLE HELMETS AND ROTATIONAL INJURIES Cycle helmets are not designed to mitigate rotational injuries, and research has not shown them to be effective in doing so. To the contrary, some doctors have expressed concern that cycle helmets might make some injuries worse by converting direct (linear) forces torotational ones.
HEALTH AND FITNESS BENEFITS OF CYCLING WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS SAVE LIVES?SEE MORE ONCYCLEHELMETS.ORG
HELMET LAWS: NORTHERN TERRITORY Introduction and scope. The Northern Territory helmet law came into effect from January 1992 and initially applied to all ages. Like other Australian laws, it was introduced due to Federal Government pressure backed by a threat of funding reductions. It was never popular withmost NT residents.
HELMET LAWS: ALBERTA BENEFIT-COST ANALYSES OF HELMET PROMOTION AND LAWS Benefit-cost analyses of helmet promotion and laws. Two published studies and two other analyses have looked at the benefit-costs of cycle helmet legislation. Much of the analysis is, however, equally valid for helmet promotion outside the context of helmet laws. In Australia the net benefit was found to lie in the range plus AUD 2million to
HELMET LAWS: QUEENSLAND WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS SAVE LIVES? Conclusions. Despite the considerable effort that has been put into research about cycle helmets, there is no real-world evidence that helmets have ever resulted in the net saving of even a single life. However, if helmets were actually effective, then many more pedestrian and motor vehicle occupant lives could be expected to be saved ifthese
WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS REDUCE SERIOUS There is no clear information that cycle use increased during this period and some evidence that it may have fallen. ( BHRF, 1041) In Australia, helmet laws caused head injuries to fall by 11% to 21%. But cycle use fell by 30% to 60%, suggesting that those who continued to cycle were more at risk ( BHRF, 1096). HEALTH AND FITNESS BENEFITS OF CYCLING Beauty and attractiveness are much linked to body shape and condition. Cycling can positively influence these by controlling body weight and muscular form. Skin also benefits from the metabolic processes that are stimulated. In addition, cycling affects physical feeling which influences the perception of others. CYCLING HEAD INJURY, DEATH, USE AND HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS Cyclist head injuries. 3,514 in 1995/6, fell to 2,183 in 2002/3. The proportion of all injuries that included head injury declined from 48% to 38% - a fall of 21%. Cyclist deaths due to head injury. 31 in 1995, declined steadily to 10 in 2002. The proportion of deaths due to head injury declined from 72% to 53% - a fall of 26%. Cycle helmet use. HELMET STANDARDS AND CAPABILITIES Helmet standards and capabilities. The opinion of Brian Walker, one of the leading experts on the mechanics of helmets, and whose company Head Protection Evaluations is the principal UK test laboratory for helmets and head protection systems of all kinds RELATIVE RISK IN CYCLING Cycling. 0.9%. The relative risk between gardening and cycling has been examined in another study. 1,337 people were surveyed for a report on sport and recreation injuries. One in six respondents had required medical treatment in this period, with 5% of gardeners having suffered injury warranting attention compared with 3.9% of cyclists. A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BICYCLE Safety helmets are widely recommended for cyclists, but convincing evidence of their effectiveness is lacking. Over one year we conducted a case-control study in which the case patients were 235 persons with head injuries received while bicycling, who sought emergency care at one of five hospitals. One control group consisted of 433 persons who HELMET LAWS: CALIFORNIA Introduction and scope. California introduced a statewide helmet law for children and youths under 18 years old from 1st January 1994. There had been a helmet law A HELMET SAVED MY LIFE! A helmet saved my life! It's not surprising that people who've been through a crash on their bike and escaped serious consequences but found helmet damage often believe strongly that the helmet has “saved their life”. However, the number of helmet users with this experience seems very much greater than the number of bare-headedcyclists who
HELMET LAWS: NEW ZEALAND Helmet laws: New Zealand Introduction and scope. The New Zealand helmet law came into effect from 1st January 1994. It applies to bicycle riders of all ages, but not to the riders of other types of cycle (unicycles, tricycles, quadricycles, etc). CYCLE HELMETS: AN INTERNATIONAL RESOURCEHOME PAGEMAIN TOPICSNEWS HEADLINESFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONSFOR POLICY MAKERS Cycle helmets overview If you're new to the site, read this first last revised June 2012. Risk and cycling Is cycling risky? How does it compare with other activities? CYCLE HELMETS AND ROTATIONAL INJURIES Cycle helmets are not designed to mitigate rotational injuries, and research has not shown them to be effective in doing so. To the contrary, some doctors have expressed concern that cycle helmets might make some injuries worse by converting direct (linear) forces torotational ones.
CYCLING HEAD INJURY, DEATH, USE AND HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS Cyclist head injuries. 3,514 in 1995/6, fell to 2,183 in 2002/3. The proportion of all injuries that included head injury declined from 48% to 38% - a fall of 21%. Cyclist deaths due to head injury. 31 in 1995, declined steadily to 10 in 2002. The proportion of deaths due to head injury declined from 72% to 53% - a fall of 26%. Cycle helmet use. HELMET LAWS: BRITISH COLUMBIA WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS REDUCE SERIOUS There is no clear information that cycle use increased during this period and some evidence that it may have fallen. ( BHRF, 1041) In Australia, helmet laws caused head injuries to fall by 11% to 21%. But cycle use fell by 30% to 60%, suggesting that those who continued to cycle were more at risk ( BHRF, 1096). HELMET LAWS: ONTARIO HELMET LAWS: NORTHERN TERRITORY Introduction and scope. The Northern Territory helmet law came into effect from January 1992 and initially applied to all ages. Like other Australian laws, it was introduced due to Federal Government pressure backed by a threat of funding reductions. It was never popular withmost NT residents.
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSES OF HELMET PROMOTION AND LAWS Benefit-cost analyses of helmet promotion and laws. Two published studies and two other analyses have looked at the benefit-costs of cycle helmet legislation. Much of the analysis is, however, equally valid for helmet promotion outside the context of helmet laws. In Australia the net benefit was found to lie in the range plus AUD 2million to
HELMET LAWS: QUEENSLAND ASSESSING THE ACTUAL RISKS FACED BY CYCLISTS 352 Cycling – the actual risks tec DECEMBER 2002 Assessing the actual risks faced by cyclists INTRODUCTION In 1996, the then Minister for Local Transport, Mr Steven CYCLE HELMETS: AN INTERNATIONAL RESOURCEHOME PAGEMAIN TOPICSNEWS HEADLINESFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONSFOR POLICY MAKERS Cycle helmets overview If you're new to the site, read this first last revised June 2012. Risk and cycling Is cycling risky? How does it compare with other activities? CYCLE HELMETS AND ROTATIONAL INJURIES Cycle helmets are not designed to mitigate rotational injuries, and research has not shown them to be effective in doing so. To the contrary, some doctors have expressed concern that cycle helmets might make some injuries worse by converting direct (linear) forces torotational ones.
CYCLING HEAD INJURY, DEATH, USE AND HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS Cyclist head injuries. 3,514 in 1995/6, fell to 2,183 in 2002/3. The proportion of all injuries that included head injury declined from 48% to 38% - a fall of 21%. Cyclist deaths due to head injury. 31 in 1995, declined steadily to 10 in 2002. The proportion of deaths due to head injury declined from 72% to 53% - a fall of 26%. Cycle helmet use. HELMET LAWS: BRITISH COLUMBIA WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS REDUCE SERIOUS There is no clear information that cycle use increased during this period and some evidence that it may have fallen. ( BHRF, 1041) In Australia, helmet laws caused head injuries to fall by 11% to 21%. But cycle use fell by 30% to 60%, suggesting that those who continued to cycle were more at risk ( BHRF, 1096). HELMET LAWS: ONTARIO HELMET LAWS: NORTHERN TERRITORY Introduction and scope. The Northern Territory helmet law came into effect from January 1992 and initially applied to all ages. Like other Australian laws, it was introduced due to Federal Government pressure backed by a threat of funding reductions. It was never popular withmost NT residents.
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSES OF HELMET PROMOTION AND LAWS Benefit-cost analyses of helmet promotion and laws. Two published studies and two other analyses have looked at the benefit-costs of cycle helmet legislation. Much of the analysis is, however, equally valid for helmet promotion outside the context of helmet laws. In Australia the net benefit was found to lie in the range plus AUD 2million to
HELMET LAWS: QUEENSLAND ASSESSING THE ACTUAL RISKS FACED BY CYCLISTS 352 Cycling – the actual risks tec DECEMBER 2002 Assessing the actual risks faced by cyclists INTRODUCTION In 1996, the then Minister for Local Transport, Mr Steven HELMET LAWS: ONTARIO Helmet laws: Ontario Introduction and scope. The Ontario helmet law came into effect from 1st October 1995. Although originally intended to apply to all ages, it was amended by regulation before enactment to exempt adults (18 years of age and over). WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS REDUCE SERIOUS There is no clear information that cycle use increased during this period and some evidence that it may have fallen. ( BHRF, 1041) In Australia, helmet laws caused head injuries to fall by 11% to 21%. But cycle use fell by 30% to 60%, suggesting that those who continued to cycle were more at risk ( BHRF, 1096). RELATIVE RISK IN CYCLING Cycling. 0.9%. The relative risk between gardening and cycling has been examined in another study. 1,337 people were surveyed for a report on sport and recreation injuries. One in six respondents had required medical treatment in this period, with 5% of gardeners having suffered injury warranting attention compared with 3.9% of cyclists. A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BICYCLE Safety helmets are widely recommended for cyclists, but convincing evidence of their effectiveness is lacking. Over one year we conducted a case-control study in which the case patients were 235 persons with head injuries received while bicycling, who sought emergency care at one of five hospitals. One control group consisted of 433 persons who HELMET LAWS: NOVA SCOTIA Introduction and scope. The Nova Scotia helmet law came into effect from July 1997 and was enforced from 1st September 1997. It covers cyclists of all ages. The minimum penalty for an offence against the law is CAD25. Parents are responsible for offences committed by children under 16 years if aware that the child did not wear a helmet. BIAS IN OLDER HELMET RESEARCH BHRF Commentary. Attewell, Glase and McFadden, 2001 and Thompson, Rivara and Thompson, 2002-9 are meta-analyses of the effects of bicycle helmets. Both have been criticised for bias, such as by Curnow, 2005.. Since publication of Attewell, Glase and McFadden, 2001 new techniques for detecting and adjusting for bias have been established (e.g. Rothstein, Sutton & Borenstein, 2005). HELMET LAWS: ALBERTA Helmet laws: Alberta Introduction and scope. The Alberta helmet law came into effect from 1st May 2002. It applies to cyclists under 18 years of age and includes passengers and toddlers on tricycles. LOCATION OF INJURIES TO CYCLISTS 10% of injuries are to the head. Of these, 56% (5.6% of total injuries) involve concussion, 28% (2.8%) injuries to the skull and 8% (0.8%) are brain injuries. Cuts, lacerations, superficial abrasions and bruising to the face, cheek, forehead and scalp, concussion and lower arm fractures are the most commonly recorded injuries tocyclists.
HELMET LAWS: NEW ZEALAND Helmet laws: New Zealand Introduction and scope. The New Zealand helmet law came into effect from 1st January 1994. It applies to bicycle riders of all ages, but not to the riders of other types of cycle (unicycles, tricycles, quadricycles, etc). A HELMET LAW FOR IRELAND? A helmet law for Ireland? Update: The Irish Government subsequently decided not to pursue an Irish helmet law at the present time. The Irish National Safety Council (NSC) has called for the mandatory wearing of cycle helmets, especially by children. CYCLE HELMETS: AN INTERNATIONAL RESOURCEHOME PAGEMAIN TOPICSNEWS HEADLINESFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONSFOR POLICY MAKERS Cycle helmets overview If you're new to the site, read this first last revised June 2012. Risk and cycling Is cycling risky? How does it compare with other activities? CYCLE HELMETS AND ROTATIONAL INJURIES Cycle helmets are not designed to mitigate rotational injuries, and research has not shown them to be effective in doing so. To the contrary, some doctors have expressed concern that cycle helmets might make some injuries worse by converting direct (linear) forces torotational ones.
CYCLING HEAD INJURY, DEATH, USE AND HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS Cyclist head injuries. 3,514 in 1995/6, fell to 2,183 in 2002/3. The proportion of all injuries that included head injury declined from 48% to 38% - a fall of 21%. Cyclist deaths due to head injury. 31 in 1995, declined steadily to 10 in 2002. The proportion of deaths due to head injury declined from 72% to 53% - a fall of 26%. Cycle helmet use. HELMET LAWS: BRITISH COLUMBIA WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS REDUCE SERIOUS There is no clear information that cycle use increased during this period and some evidence that it may have fallen. ( BHRF, 1041) In Australia, helmet laws caused head injuries to fall by 11% to 21%. But cycle use fell by 30% to 60%, suggesting that those who continued to cycle were more at risk ( BHRF, 1096). HELMET LAWS: ONTARIO HELMET LAWS: NORTHERN TERRITORY Introduction and scope. The Northern Territory helmet law came into effect from January 1992 and initially applied to all ages. Like other Australian laws, it was introduced due to Federal Government pressure backed by a threat of funding reductions. It was never popular withmost NT residents.
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSES OF HELMET PROMOTION AND LAWS Benefit-cost analyses of helmet promotion and laws. Two published studies and two other analyses have looked at the benefit-costs of cycle helmet legislation. Much of the analysis is, however, equally valid for helmet promotion outside the context of helmet laws. In Australia the net benefit was found to lie in the range plus AUD 2million to
HELMET LAWS: QUEENSLAND ASSESSING THE ACTUAL RISKS FACED BY CYCLISTS 352 Cycling – the actual risks tec DECEMBER 2002 Assessing the actual risks faced by cyclists INTRODUCTION In 1996, the then Minister for Local Transport, Mr Steven CYCLE HELMETS: AN INTERNATIONAL RESOURCEHOME PAGEMAIN TOPICSNEWS HEADLINESFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONSFOR POLICY MAKERS Cycle helmets overview If you're new to the site, read this first last revised June 2012. Risk and cycling Is cycling risky? How does it compare with other activities? CYCLE HELMETS AND ROTATIONAL INJURIES Cycle helmets are not designed to mitigate rotational injuries, and research has not shown them to be effective in doing so. To the contrary, some doctors have expressed concern that cycle helmets might make some injuries worse by converting direct (linear) forces torotational ones.
CYCLING HEAD INJURY, DEATH, USE AND HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS Cyclist head injuries. 3,514 in 1995/6, fell to 2,183 in 2002/3. The proportion of all injuries that included head injury declined from 48% to 38% - a fall of 21%. Cyclist deaths due to head injury. 31 in 1995, declined steadily to 10 in 2002. The proportion of deaths due to head injury declined from 72% to 53% - a fall of 26%. Cycle helmet use. HELMET LAWS: BRITISH COLUMBIA WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS REDUCE SERIOUS There is no clear information that cycle use increased during this period and some evidence that it may have fallen. ( BHRF, 1041) In Australia, helmet laws caused head injuries to fall by 11% to 21%. But cycle use fell by 30% to 60%, suggesting that those who continued to cycle were more at risk ( BHRF, 1096). HELMET LAWS: ONTARIO HELMET LAWS: NORTHERN TERRITORY Introduction and scope. The Northern Territory helmet law came into effect from January 1992 and initially applied to all ages. Like other Australian laws, it was introduced due to Federal Government pressure backed by a threat of funding reductions. It was never popular withmost NT residents.
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSES OF HELMET PROMOTION AND LAWS Benefit-cost analyses of helmet promotion and laws. Two published studies and two other analyses have looked at the benefit-costs of cycle helmet legislation. Much of the analysis is, however, equally valid for helmet promotion outside the context of helmet laws. In Australia the net benefit was found to lie in the range plus AUD 2million to
HELMET LAWS: QUEENSLAND ASSESSING THE ACTUAL RISKS FACED BY CYCLISTS 352 Cycling – the actual risks tec DECEMBER 2002 Assessing the actual risks faced by cyclists INTRODUCTION In 1996, the then Minister for Local Transport, Mr Steven HELMET LAWS: ONTARIO Helmet laws: Ontario Introduction and scope. The Ontario helmet law came into effect from 1st October 1995. Although originally intended to apply to all ages, it was amended by regulation before enactment to exempt adults (18 years of age and over). WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS REDUCE SERIOUS There is no clear information that cycle use increased during this period and some evidence that it may have fallen. ( BHRF, 1041) In Australia, helmet laws caused head injuries to fall by 11% to 21%. But cycle use fell by 30% to 60%, suggesting that those who continued to cycle were more at risk ( BHRF, 1096). RELATIVE RISK IN CYCLING Cycling. 0.9%. The relative risk between gardening and cycling has been examined in another study. 1,337 people were surveyed for a report on sport and recreation injuries. One in six respondents had required medical treatment in this period, with 5% of gardeners having suffered injury warranting attention compared with 3.9% of cyclists. A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BICYCLE Safety helmets are widely recommended for cyclists, but convincing evidence of their effectiveness is lacking. Over one year we conducted a case-control study in which the case patients were 235 persons with head injuries received while bicycling, who sought emergency care at one of five hospitals. One control group consisted of 433 persons who HELMET LAWS: NOVA SCOTIA Introduction and scope. The Nova Scotia helmet law came into effect from July 1997 and was enforced from 1st September 1997. It covers cyclists of all ages. The minimum penalty for an offence against the law is CAD25. Parents are responsible for offences committed by children under 16 years if aware that the child did not wear a helmet. BIAS IN OLDER HELMET RESEARCH BHRF Commentary. Attewell, Glase and McFadden, 2001 and Thompson, Rivara and Thompson, 2002-9 are meta-analyses of the effects of bicycle helmets. Both have been criticised for bias, such as by Curnow, 2005.. Since publication of Attewell, Glase and McFadden, 2001 new techniques for detecting and adjusting for bias have been established (e.g. Rothstein, Sutton & Borenstein, 2005). HELMET LAWS: ALBERTA Helmet laws: Alberta Introduction and scope. The Alberta helmet law came into effect from 1st May 2002. It applies to cyclists under 18 years of age and includes passengers and toddlers on tricycles. LOCATION OF INJURIES TO CYCLISTS 10% of injuries are to the head. Of these, 56% (5.6% of total injuries) involve concussion, 28% (2.8%) injuries to the skull and 8% (0.8%) are brain injuries. Cuts, lacerations, superficial abrasions and bruising to the face, cheek, forehead and scalp, concussion and lower arm fractures are the most commonly recorded injuries tocyclists.
HELMET LAWS: NEW ZEALAND Helmet laws: New Zealand Introduction and scope. The New Zealand helmet law came into effect from 1st January 1994. It applies to bicycle riders of all ages, but not to the riders of other types of cycle (unicycles, tricycles, quadricycles, etc). A HELMET LAW FOR IRELAND? A helmet law for Ireland? Update: The Irish Government subsequently decided not to pursue an Irish helmet law at the present time. The Irish National Safety Council (NSC) has called for the mandatory wearing of cycle helmets, especially by children. CYCLE HELMETS: AN INTERNATIONAL RESOURCEHOME PAGEMAIN TOPICSNEWS HEADLINESFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONSFOR POLICY MAKERS Cycle helmets overview If you're new to the site, read this first last revised June 2012. Risk and cycling Is cycling risky? How does it compare with other activities? CYCLE HELMETS AND ROTATIONAL INJURIES Cycle helmets are not designed to mitigate rotational injuries, and research has not shown them to be effective in doing so. To the contrary, some doctors have expressed concern that cycle helmets might make some injuries worse by converting direct (linear) forces torotational ones.
CYCLING HEAD INJURY, DEATH, USE AND HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS Cyclist head injuries. 3,514 in 1995/6, fell to 2,183 in 2002/3. The proportion of all injuries that included head injury declined from 48% to 38% - a fall of 21%. Cyclist deaths due to head injury. 31 in 1995, declined steadily to 10 in 2002. The proportion of deaths due to head injury declined from 72% to 53% - a fall of 26%. Cycle helmet use. HELMET LAWS: BRITISH COLUMBIA WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS REDUCE SERIOUS There is no clear information that cycle use increased during this period and some evidence that it may have fallen. ( BHRF, 1041) In Australia, helmet laws caused head injuries to fall by 11% to 21%. But cycle use fell by 30% to 60%, suggesting that those who continued to cycle were more at risk ( BHRF, 1096). HELMET LAWS: ONTARIO HELMET LAWS: NORTHERN TERRITORY Introduction and scope. The Northern Territory helmet law came into effect from January 1992 and initially applied to all ages. Like other Australian laws, it was introduced due to Federal Government pressure backed by a threat of funding reductions. It was never popular withmost NT residents.
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSES OF HELMET PROMOTION AND LAWS Benefit-cost analyses of helmet promotion and laws. Two published studies and two other analyses have looked at the benefit-costs of cycle helmet legislation. Much of the analysis is, however, equally valid for helmet promotion outside the context of helmet laws. In Australia the net benefit was found to lie in the range plus AUD 2million to
HELMET LAWS: QUEENSLAND ASSESSING THE ACTUAL RISKS FACED BY CYCLISTS 352 Cycling – the actual risks tec DECEMBER 2002 Assessing the actual risks faced by cyclists INTRODUCTION In 1996, the then Minister for Local Transport, Mr Steven CYCLE HELMETS: AN INTERNATIONAL RESOURCEHOME PAGEMAIN TOPICSNEWS HEADLINESFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONSFOR POLICY MAKERS Cycle helmets overview If you're new to the site, read this first last revised June 2012. Risk and cycling Is cycling risky? How does it compare with other activities? CYCLE HELMETS AND ROTATIONAL INJURIES Cycle helmets are not designed to mitigate rotational injuries, and research has not shown them to be effective in doing so. To the contrary, some doctors have expressed concern that cycle helmets might make some injuries worse by converting direct (linear) forces torotational ones.
CYCLING HEAD INJURY, DEATH, USE AND HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS Cyclist head injuries. 3,514 in 1995/6, fell to 2,183 in 2002/3. The proportion of all injuries that included head injury declined from 48% to 38% - a fall of 21%. Cyclist deaths due to head injury. 31 in 1995, declined steadily to 10 in 2002. The proportion of deaths due to head injury declined from 72% to 53% - a fall of 26%. Cycle helmet use. HELMET LAWS: BRITISH COLUMBIA WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS REDUCE SERIOUS There is no clear information that cycle use increased during this period and some evidence that it may have fallen. ( BHRF, 1041) In Australia, helmet laws caused head injuries to fall by 11% to 21%. But cycle use fell by 30% to 60%, suggesting that those who continued to cycle were more at risk ( BHRF, 1096). HELMET LAWS: ONTARIO HELMET LAWS: NORTHERN TERRITORY Introduction and scope. The Northern Territory helmet law came into effect from January 1992 and initially applied to all ages. Like other Australian laws, it was introduced due to Federal Government pressure backed by a threat of funding reductions. It was never popular withmost NT residents.
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSES OF HELMET PROMOTION AND LAWS Benefit-cost analyses of helmet promotion and laws. Two published studies and two other analyses have looked at the benefit-costs of cycle helmet legislation. Much of the analysis is, however, equally valid for helmet promotion outside the context of helmet laws. In Australia the net benefit was found to lie in the range plus AUD 2million to
HELMET LAWS: QUEENSLAND ASSESSING THE ACTUAL RISKS FACED BY CYCLISTS 352 Cycling – the actual risks tec DECEMBER 2002 Assessing the actual risks faced by cyclists INTRODUCTION In 1996, the then Minister for Local Transport, Mr Steven HELMET LAWS: ONTARIO Helmet laws: Ontario Introduction and scope. The Ontario helmet law came into effect from 1st October 1995. Although originally intended to apply to all ages, it was amended by regulation before enactment to exempt adults (18 years of age and over). WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS REDUCE SERIOUS There is no clear information that cycle use increased during this period and some evidence that it may have fallen. ( BHRF, 1041) In Australia, helmet laws caused head injuries to fall by 11% to 21%. But cycle use fell by 30% to 60%, suggesting that those who continued to cycle were more at risk ( BHRF, 1096). RELATIVE RISK IN CYCLING Cycling. 0.9%. The relative risk between gardening and cycling has been examined in another study. 1,337 people were surveyed for a report on sport and recreation injuries. One in six respondents had required medical treatment in this period, with 5% of gardeners having suffered injury warranting attention compared with 3.9% of cyclists. A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BICYCLE Safety helmets are widely recommended for cyclists, but convincing evidence of their effectiveness is lacking. Over one year we conducted a case-control study in which the case patients were 235 persons with head injuries received while bicycling, who sought emergency care at one of five hospitals. One control group consisted of 433 persons who HELMET LAWS: NOVA SCOTIA Introduction and scope. The Nova Scotia helmet law came into effect from July 1997 and was enforced from 1st September 1997. It covers cyclists of all ages. The minimum penalty for an offence against the law is CAD25. Parents are responsible for offences committed by children under 16 years if aware that the child did not wear a helmet. BIAS IN OLDER HELMET RESEARCH BHRF Commentary. Attewell, Glase and McFadden, 2001 and Thompson, Rivara and Thompson, 2002-9 are meta-analyses of the effects of bicycle helmets. Both have been criticised for bias, such as by Curnow, 2005.. Since publication of Attewell, Glase and McFadden, 2001 new techniques for detecting and adjusting for bias have been established (e.g. Rothstein, Sutton & Borenstein, 2005). HELMET LAWS: ALBERTA Helmet laws: Alberta Introduction and scope. The Alberta helmet law came into effect from 1st May 2002. It applies to cyclists under 18 years of age and includes passengers and toddlers on tricycles. LOCATION OF INJURIES TO CYCLISTS 10% of injuries are to the head. Of these, 56% (5.6% of total injuries) involve concussion, 28% (2.8%) injuries to the skull and 8% (0.8%) are brain injuries. Cuts, lacerations, superficial abrasions and bruising to the face, cheek, forehead and scalp, concussion and lower arm fractures are the most commonly recorded injuries tocyclists.
HELMET LAWS: NEW ZEALAND Helmet laws: New Zealand Introduction and scope. The New Zealand helmet law came into effect from 1st January 1994. It applies to bicycle riders of all ages, but not to the riders of other types of cycle (unicycles, tricycles, quadricycles, etc). A HELMET LAW FOR IRELAND? A helmet law for Ireland? Update: The Irish Government subsequently decided not to pursue an Irish helmet law at the present time. The Irish National Safety Council (NSC) has called for the mandatory wearing of cycle helmets, especially by children. CYCLE HELMETS: AN INTERNATIONAL RESOURCEHOME PAGEMAIN TOPICSNEWS HEADLINESFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONSFOR POLICY MAKERS Cycle helmets overview If you're new to the site, read this first last revised June 2012. Risk and cycling Is cycling risky? How does it compare with other activities? CYCLE HELMETS AND ROTATIONAL INJURIES Cycle helmets are not designed to mitigate rotational injuries, and research has not shown them to be effective in doing so. To the contrary, some doctors have expressed concern that cycle helmets might make some injuries worse by converting direct (linear) forces torotational ones.
CYCLING HEAD INJURY, DEATH, USE AND HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS Cyclist head injuries. 3,514 in 1995/6, fell to 2,183 in 2002/3. The proportion of all injuries that included head injury declined from 48% to 38% - a fall of 21%. Cyclist deaths due to head injury. 31 in 1995, declined steadily to 10 in 2002. The proportion of deaths due to head injury declined from 72% to 53% - a fall of 26%. Cycle helmet use. HELMET LAWS: BRITISH COLUMBIA WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS REDUCE SERIOUS There is no clear information that cycle use increased during this period and some evidence that it may have fallen. ( BHRF, 1041) In Australia, helmet laws caused head injuries to fall by 11% to 21%. But cycle use fell by 30% to 60%, suggesting that those who continued to cycle were more at risk ( BHRF, 1096). HELMET LAWS: ONTARIO HELMET LAWS: NORTHERN TERRITORY Introduction and scope. The Northern Territory helmet law came into effect from January 1992 and initially applied to all ages. Like other Australian laws, it was introduced due to Federal Government pressure backed by a threat of funding reductions. It was never popular withmost NT residents.
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSES OF HELMET PROMOTION AND LAWS Benefit-cost analyses of helmet promotion and laws. Two published studies and two other analyses have looked at the benefit-costs of cycle helmet legislation. Much of the analysis is, however, equally valid for helmet promotion outside the context of helmet laws. In Australia the net benefit was found to lie in the range plus AUD 2million to
HELMET LAWS: QUEENSLAND ASSESSING THE ACTUAL RISKS FACED BY CYCLISTS 352 Cycling – the actual risks tec DECEMBER 2002 Assessing the actual risks faced by cyclists INTRODUCTION In 1996, the then Minister for Local Transport, Mr Steven CYCLE HELMETS: AN INTERNATIONAL RESOURCEHOME PAGEMAIN TOPICSNEWS HEADLINESFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONSFOR POLICY MAKERS Cycle helmets overview If you're new to the site, read this first last revised June 2012. Risk and cycling Is cycling risky? How does it compare with other activities? CYCLE HELMETS AND ROTATIONAL INJURIES Cycle helmets are not designed to mitigate rotational injuries, and research has not shown them to be effective in doing so. To the contrary, some doctors have expressed concern that cycle helmets might make some injuries worse by converting direct (linear) forces torotational ones.
CYCLING HEAD INJURY, DEATH, USE AND HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS Cyclist head injuries. 3,514 in 1995/6, fell to 2,183 in 2002/3. The proportion of all injuries that included head injury declined from 48% to 38% - a fall of 21%. Cyclist deaths due to head injury. 31 in 1995, declined steadily to 10 in 2002. The proportion of deaths due to head injury declined from 72% to 53% - a fall of 26%. Cycle helmet use. HELMET LAWS: BRITISH COLUMBIA WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS REDUCE SERIOUS There is no clear information that cycle use increased during this period and some evidence that it may have fallen. ( BHRF, 1041) In Australia, helmet laws caused head injuries to fall by 11% to 21%. But cycle use fell by 30% to 60%, suggesting that those who continued to cycle were more at risk ( BHRF, 1096). HELMET LAWS: ONTARIO HELMET LAWS: NORTHERN TERRITORY Introduction and scope. The Northern Territory helmet law came into effect from January 1992 and initially applied to all ages. Like other Australian laws, it was introduced due to Federal Government pressure backed by a threat of funding reductions. It was never popular withmost NT residents.
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSES OF HELMET PROMOTION AND LAWS Benefit-cost analyses of helmet promotion and laws. Two published studies and two other analyses have looked at the benefit-costs of cycle helmet legislation. Much of the analysis is, however, equally valid for helmet promotion outside the context of helmet laws. In Australia the net benefit was found to lie in the range plus AUD 2million to
HELMET LAWS: QUEENSLAND ASSESSING THE ACTUAL RISKS FACED BY CYCLISTS 352 Cycling – the actual risks tec DECEMBER 2002 Assessing the actual risks faced by cyclists INTRODUCTION In 1996, the then Minister for Local Transport, Mr Steven HELMET LAWS: ONTARIO Helmet laws: Ontario Introduction and scope. The Ontario helmet law came into effect from 1st October 1995. Although originally intended to apply to all ages, it was amended by regulation before enactment to exempt adults (18 years of age and over). WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE THAT CYCLE HELMETS REDUCE SERIOUS There is no clear information that cycle use increased during this period and some evidence that it may have fallen. ( BHRF, 1041) In Australia, helmet laws caused head injuries to fall by 11% to 21%. But cycle use fell by 30% to 60%, suggesting that those who continued to cycle were more at risk ( BHRF, 1096). RELATIVE RISK IN CYCLING Cycling. 0.9%. The relative risk between gardening and cycling has been examined in another study. 1,337 people were surveyed for a report on sport and recreation injuries. One in six respondents had required medical treatment in this period, with 5% of gardeners having suffered injury warranting attention compared with 3.9% of cyclists. A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BICYCLE Safety helmets are widely recommended for cyclists, but convincing evidence of their effectiveness is lacking. Over one year we conducted a case-control study in which the case patients were 235 persons with head injuries received while bicycling, who sought emergency care at one of five hospitals. One control group consisted of 433 persons who HELMET LAWS: NOVA SCOTIA Introduction and scope. The Nova Scotia helmet law came into effect from July 1997 and was enforced from 1st September 1997. It covers cyclists of all ages. The minimum penalty for an offence against the law is CAD25. Parents are responsible for offences committed by children under 16 years if aware that the child did not wear a helmet. BIAS IN OLDER HELMET RESEARCH BHRF Commentary. Attewell, Glase and McFadden, 2001 and Thompson, Rivara and Thompson, 2002-9 are meta-analyses of the effects of bicycle helmets. Both have been criticised for bias, such as by Curnow, 2005.. Since publication of Attewell, Glase and McFadden, 2001 new techniques for detecting and adjusting for bias have been established (e.g. Rothstein, Sutton & Borenstein, 2005). HELMET LAWS: ALBERTA Helmet laws: Alberta Introduction and scope. The Alberta helmet law came into effect from 1st May 2002. It applies to cyclists under 18 years of age and includes passengers and toddlers on tricycles. LOCATION OF INJURIES TO CYCLISTS 10% of injuries are to the head. Of these, 56% (5.6% of total injuries) involve concussion, 28% (2.8%) injuries to the skull and 8% (0.8%) are brain injuries. Cuts, lacerations, superficial abrasions and bruising to the face, cheek, forehead and scalp, concussion and lower arm fractures are the most commonly recorded injuries tocyclists.
HELMET LAWS: NEW ZEALAND Helmet laws: New Zealand Introduction and scope. The New Zealand helmet law came into effect from 1st January 1994. It applies to bicycle riders of all ages, but not to the riders of other types of cycle (unicycles, tricycles, quadricycles, etc). A HELMET LAW FOR IRELAND? A helmet law for Ireland? Update: The Irish Government subsequently decided not to pursue an Irish helmet law at the present time. The Irish National Safety Council (NSC) has called for the mandatory wearing of cycle helmets, especially by children.BICYCLE HELMET
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The Case for Not Wearing a Bike Helmet Helmets have been mandatory in the pro peloton for well over a decade. Where’s the data that it’s helping?_read more ... _
Bicycle Network campaigns for helmet law reform Australia's Bicycle Network has come out in favour of reforming Australia's mandatory bicycle helmet law._read more ... _
Cycling Tips: Commentary Commentary: Why I stopped wearing a bike helmet by Peter Flax_read more ... _
Bicycling Magazine
It’s Okay If You Don’t Wear a Bike Helmet_read more ... _
Carlton Reid, transport writer I Do Not Wear A Bicycle Helmet_read more ... _
More on Why We Shouldn't Have Mandatory Helmet Laws Over on VOX, Joseph Stromberg rounds up the studies about bike helmets and concludes that if you want to get more people to ride bikes, thenyou shoul
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Give Kids Bikes, Not Helmets Why helmet giveaways are an act of surrender_read more ... _
Enough with the Smashed Watermelons! Helmet Mania Is Scaring Kids Awayfrom Biking
Free Range Kids
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------------------------- Since 2020-08-29 this website is an archive, to preserve links. Not much has been added since about 2016. Other sites which are currently active include http://www.cycle-helmets.com/ and https://www.freestylecyclists.org/ both Australian based but with some international content. Cutting through the controversy about helmet effectiveness Analysis by Piet de Jong shifts the focus of the helmet debate onto the arguments about the degree to which the large health benefits of cycling outweigh the far smaller risks involved. de Jong uses mathematical modelling to show that even under the most optimistic predictions of helmet benefit, the net public health outcome of helmet promotion (or laws) is negative. Bias in older research, no net benefit from helmets in later studies Rune Elvik, from the Norwegian Institute of Transport Economics, has used the latest methodologies to identify bias and conflict of interest in older helmet research that has greatly exaggerated the benefits. Analysing more recent studies, any benefit vanishesentirely.
Alberta law halves children's cycling but more than doubles the riskof injury
Published data from across Alberta shows how the province's child helmet law has reduced child cycling by around 56% while at the same time the absolute number of injuries has gone up. Why are Dutch cyclists more likely to be injured if they wear helmets? The Netherlands is the safest country in the world in which to cycle and very few people wear helmets. However, when cyclists go to hospital, they are much more likely to be helmeted. Why? Alcohol: obscuring the outcomes of helmet research? Could many of the predicted benefits of cycle helmets be more accurately attributed to staying sober, as links between drinking and serious injury become clearer? It just so happens that most drunk cyclists don't wear helmets. Bike hire schemes revisited An update on bike rental, with and without helmets The health benefits of cycling More information added on health benefits versus risks, citing latest research. Also our commentary on Health on the Move 2 , a landmark report on transport and health that strongly promotes cycling as a low-risk activity that could do much to enhance public health. What is the relative risk of head injury when cycling compared with other everyday activities? UK law would lead to 253 more deaths according to assessment using WHO HEAT tool, while Government research finds no reliable evidence of helmet benefit . _Recent additions and changes to cyclehelmets.org_ ------------------------- A TALE OF TWO CITIES Bike hire in Melbourne and Dublin compared ------------------------- CYCLE HELMETS OVERVIEW If you're new to the site, read this first _last revised June 2012_Risk and cycling
Is cycling risky? How does it compare with other activities? How common is head injury? Safety in Numbers. Contradictory evidence about cycle helmets Ambitious claims are made for cycle helmets, but how do they performin the real world?
Papers for and against helmet effectiveness. "A helmet saved my life!" A common claim by helmet wearers, but is the truth so simple?FAQ
Do helmets save lives? Is cycling without a helmet foolhardy? ... manymore
Helmet laws
Are laws justified? What have they achieved?Briefings
For legislators
Why helmets don't prevent 85% of head injuries... more
DID THIS HELMET SAVE A LIFE?Read here
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The health benefits of cycling . Exceptional life expectancy of cyclists.Opinion
What are the judgements of experts and the courts? The BMJ helmet debateTechnical
How helmets work and their limitationsDetails
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