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certification.
COMPATIBILITY TEST SUITE The Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) is a free, commercial-grade test suite, available for download. The CTS represents the "mechanism" of compatibility. The CTS runs on a desktop machine and executes test cases directly on attached devices or an emulator. The CTS is a set of unit tests designed to be integrated into the daily workflow (such asTUNER FRAMEWORK
The Tuner HAL is defined between the Android framework and the vendor's hardware. Describes what the framework expects from the vendor and how the vendor might do it. Exports the functionalities of frontend, demux and descrambler to the framework through IFrontend, IDemux, IDescrambler, IFilter, IDvr , and ILnb interfaces. ANDROID SECURITY BULLETIN—JANUARY 2021 Versions. Published January 4, 2021 | Updated January 7, 2021. The Android Security Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities affecting Android devices. Security patch levels of 2021-01-05 or later address all of these issues. To learn how to check a device's security patch level, see Check and update your Android version. GENERIC KERNEL IMAGE The Generic Kernel Image (GKI) project addresses kernel fragmentation by unifying the core kernel and moving SoC and board support out of the core kernel into loadable modules. The GKI kernel presents a stable Kernel Module Interface (KMI) for kernel modules, so modules and kernel can be updated independently. The GKI: LOCKING/UNLOCKING THE BOOTLOADER DEVICE MANIFEST DEVELOPMENT Device Manifest Development. When developing and releasing new devices, vendors can define and declare the Target FCM Version in the device manifest (DM). When upgrading the vendor image for old devices, vendors can choose to implement WHAT IS ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE? Android Automotive is a base Android platform that runs pre-installed IVI system Android applications as well as optional second- and third-party Android Applications. Android Automotive offers openness, customization, and scale to automotive infotainment systems and head units. Openness enables new efficiencies by providing basic automotive ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE OS UPDATE BULLETIN—APRIL 2021 Published April 5, 2021. The Android Automotive OS (AAOS) Update Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities affecting the Android Automotive OS platform. The full AAOS update comprises the security patch level of 2021-04-01 or later from the April 2021 Android Security Bulletin in addition to all issues in this bulletin. ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE 11 RELEASE DETAILS Sensors. System Reliability and Stability. Boot Performance. Car Framework. Power Management. Bug Fixes. Known Issues. The following content details the major features and enhancements added to Android Automotive in this release. To learn more about new features documented in this release, see What's New. ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE BOOTCAMP PRESENTATIONS Android Automotive Bootcamp Presentations. Find out what's new in Android 11 for Android Automotive: Android Automotive OS Audio in Android 11 . Hear about vehicle sounds, multi-zone audio, and audio focus. Automotive Bluetooth . Learn how to support messaging, cover art, and multi-device media through Bluetooth and Bluetoothcertification.
COMPATIBILITY TEST SUITE The Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) is a free, commercial-grade test suite, available for download. The CTS represents the "mechanism" of compatibility. The CTS runs on a desktop machine and executes test cases directly on attached devices or an emulator. The CTS is a set of unit tests designed to be integrated into the daily workflow (such asTUNER FRAMEWORK
The Tuner HAL is defined between the Android framework and the vendor's hardware. Describes what the framework expects from the vendor and how the vendor might do it. Exports the functionalities of frontend, demux and descrambler to the framework through IFrontend, IDemux, IDescrambler, IFilter, IDvr , and ILnb interfaces. ANDROID SECURITY BULLETIN—JANUARY 2021 Versions. Published January 4, 2021 | Updated January 7, 2021. The Android Security Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities affecting Android devices. Security patch levels of 2021-01-05 or later address all of these issues. To learn how to check a device's security patch level, see Check and update your Android version. GENERIC KERNEL IMAGE The Generic Kernel Image (GKI) project addresses kernel fragmentation by unifying the core kernel and moving SoC and board support out of the core kernel into loadable modules. The GKI kernel presents a stable Kernel Module Interface (KMI) for kernel modules, so modules and kernel can be updated independently. The GKI: LOCKING/UNLOCKING THE BOOTLOADER DEVICE MANIFEST DEVELOPMENT Device Manifest Development. When developing and releasing new devices, vendors can define and declare the Target FCM Version in the device manifest (DM). When upgrading the vendor image for old devices, vendors can choose to implement ANDROID OPEN SOURCE PROJECT Android is an open source operating system for mobile devices and a corresponding open source project led by Google. This site and the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) repository offer the information and source code needed to create custom variants of the Android OS, port devices and accessories to the Android platform, and ensure devices meet the compatibility requirements that keep the ANDROID SECURITY BULLETIN—JUNE 2021 Published June 7, 2021. The Android Security Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities affecting Android devices. Security patchlevels of
ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE OS UPDATE BULLETIN—JUNE 2021 Published June 7, 2021. The Android Automotive OS (AAOS) Update Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities affecting the Android Automotive OS platform. PIXEL UPDATE BULLETIN—JUNE 2021 Published June 7, 2021. The Pixel Update Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities and functional improvements affecting supported Pixel devices (Google devices). For Google devices, security patch levels of 2021-06-05 or later address all issues in this bulletin and all issues in the June 2021 Android Security Bulletin. ANDROID SECURITY BULLETIN—APRIL 2021 Versions. Published April 5, 2021 | Updated April 7, 2021. The Android Security Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities affecting Android devices. Security patch levels of 2021-04-05 or later address all of these issues. To learn how to check a device's security patch level, see Check and update your Android version. GENERIC KERNEL IMAGE The Generic Kernel Image (GKI) project addresses kernel fragmentation by unifying the core kernel and moving SoC and board support out of the core kernel into loadable modules. The GKI kernel presents a stable Kernel Module Interface (KMI) for kernel modules, so modules and kernel can be updated independently. The GKI:ADOPTABLE STORAGE
To test that adoptable storage is working, run this CTS test: cts-tradefed run commandAndExit cts-dev \ -m CtsAppSecurityHostTestCases \ -t android.appsecurity.cts.AdoptableHostTest. To verify behavior of USB drives and SD cards when a device doesn't have a built-in slot or when the USB connector is being used for an active adb connection, use: CREATING THE HAL INTERFACE Warning: Android 10 deprecates the ConfigStore HAL and replaces the HAL with system properties. For details, refer to Configuring.. You must use HIDL to describe all build flags used for conditionally compiling the framework. Relevant build flags must be grouped and included in a single .hal file. Using HIDL for specifying configuration items includes the following benefits:THERMAL MITIGATION
Thermal service. In Android 10, the thermal service in the framework provides constant monitoring using the various mitigation signals from Thermal HAL 2.0, and gives throttling severity feedback to its clients. These include internal components and Android apps. The service utilizes two binder callback interfaces, IThermalEventListenerand
USING BINDER IPC
Using binder IPC. Historically, vendor processes have used binder interprocess communication (IPC) to communicate. In Android 8, the /dev/binder device node becomes exclusive to framework processes, meaning vendor processes no longer have access to it. Vendor processes can access /dev/hwbinder, but must convert their AIDL interfaces touse HIDL.
MODULAR SYSTEM COMPONENTS Android 10 or higher modularizes some Android system components and enables them to be updated outside of the normal Android release cycle. End-user devices can receive updates to these modularized system components from the Google Play Store infrastructure or through a partner-provided over-the-air (OTA) mechanism. 2021 ANDROID SECURITY BULLETINS This page contains all available 2021 Android Security Bulletins. For a list of all bulletins, see the Android Security Bulletins homepage. PROTECTED CONFIRMATION Android Protected Confirmation leverages a hardware-protected user interface called Trusted UI to facilitate high assurance to critical transactions. Android Protected Confirmation is available to supported devices running Android 9 (API level 28) or higher. ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE OS UPDATE BULLETIN—APRIL 2021 Published April 5, 2021. The Android Automotive OS (AAOS) Update Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities affecting the Android Automotive OS platform. WHAT IS ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE? Android Automotive is a base Android platform that runs pre-installed IVI system Android applications as well as optional second- and third-party Android Applications. ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE BOOTCAMP PRESENTATIONS Find out what's new in Android 11 for Android Automotive: Android Automotive OS Audio in Android 11.Hear about vehicle sounds, multi-zone audio, and audio focus.SOUND TRIGGER
The Sound Trigger feature provides apps with the ability to listen for certain acoustic events, like hotwords, in a low-power and privacy-sensitive manner.VEHICLE PROPERTIES
To see a complete list of HVAC properties, search for VEHICLE_PROPERTY_HVAC_* in types.hal.When the HVAC property uses VehicleAreaSeat, additional rules for mapping a zoned HVAC property to Area IDs apply.Each available seat in the car must be part of an Area ID in the Area ID array. WRITING SELINUX POLICY The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) provides a solid base policy for the applications and services that are common across all Androiddevices.
THERMAL MITIGATION
Thermal mitigation is needed when a device starts to overheat. As algorithm complexity, system core frequencies, and levels of integration continually increase, with packaging and form-factor sizes decreasing, thermal mitigation has become increasingly important. MODULAR SYSTEM COMPONENTS Android 10 or higher modularizes some Android system components and enables them to be updated outside of the normal Android release cycle. End-user devices can receive updates to these modularized system components from the Google Play Store infrastructure or through a partner-provided over-the-air (OTA) mechanism. 2021 ANDROID SECURITY BULLETINS This page contains all available 2021 Android Security Bulletins. For a list of all bulletins, see the Android Security Bulletins homepage. PROTECTED CONFIRMATION Android Protected Confirmation leverages a hardware-protected user interface called Trusted UI to facilitate high assurance to critical transactions. Android Protected Confirmation is available to supported devices running Android 9 (API level 28) or higher. ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE OS UPDATE BULLETIN—APRIL 2021 Published April 5, 2021. The Android Automotive OS (AAOS) Update Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities affecting the Android Automotive OS platform. WHAT IS ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE? Android Automotive is a base Android platform that runs pre-installed IVI system Android applications as well as optional second- and third-party Android Applications. ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE BOOTCAMP PRESENTATIONS Find out what's new in Android 11 for Android Automotive: Android Automotive OS Audio in Android 11.Hear about vehicle sounds, multi-zone audio, and audio focus.SOUND TRIGGER
The Sound Trigger feature provides apps with the ability to listen for certain acoustic events, like hotwords, in a low-power and privacy-sensitive manner.VEHICLE PROPERTIES
To see a complete list of HVAC properties, search for VEHICLE_PROPERTY_HVAC_* in types.hal.When the HVAC property uses VehicleAreaSeat, additional rules for mapping a zoned HVAC property to Area IDs apply.Each available seat in the car must be part of an Area ID in the Area ID array. WRITING SELINUX POLICY The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) provides a solid base policy for the applications and services that are common across all Androiddevices.
THERMAL MITIGATION
Thermal mitigation is needed when a device starts to overheat. As algorithm complexity, system core frequencies, and levels of integration continually increase, with packaging and form-factor sizes decreasing, thermal mitigation has become increasingly important. ANDROID OPEN SOURCE PROJECT Android is an open source operating system for mobile devices and a corresponding open source project led by Google. This site and the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) repository offer the information and source code needed to create custom variants of the Android OS, port devices and accessories to the Android platform, and ensure devices meet the compatibility requirements that keep the ANDROID SECURITY BULLETIN—JUNE 2021 Published June 7, 2021. The Android Security Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities affecting Android devices. Security patchlevels of
ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE OS UPDATE BULLETIN—JUNE 2021 Published June 7, 2021. The Android Automotive OS (AAOS) Update Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities affecting the Android Automotive OS platform. PIXEL UPDATE BULLETIN—JUNE 2021 Published June 7, 2021. The Pixel Update Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities and functional improvements affecting supported Pixel devices (Google devices). For Google devices, security patch levels of 2021-06-05 or later address all issues in this bulletin and all issues in the June 2021 Android Security Bulletin. ANDROID SECURITY BULLETIN—APRIL 2021 2021-04-05 security patch level vulnerability details. In the sections below, we provide details for each of the security vulnerabilities that apply to the 2021-04-05 patch level. ANDROID SECURITY BULLETIN—JANUARY 2021 2021-01-05 security patch level vulnerability details. In the sections below, we provide details for each of the security vulnerabilities that apply to the 2021-01-05 patch level. OVERVIEW | ANDROID OPEN SOURCE PROJECT Android Tools and Infrastructure; Android Virtual Device as a Development Platform; Emulator USB Passthrough Integration Guide; Pixel 3 XL and Pixel 4 XL as Development PlatformsLAYERS AND DISPLAYS
Layers and displays are two primitives that represent composition work and interactions with the display hardware. Layers. A Layer is the most important unit of composition. A layer is a combination of a surface and an instance of SurfaceControl.Each layer has a set of properties that define how it interacts with other layers. ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE 11 RELEASE DETAILS Android Tools and Infrastructure; Android Virtual Device as a Development Platform; Emulator USB Passthrough Integration Guide; Pixel 3 XL and Pixel 4 XL as Development Platforms WPA3 AND WI-FI ENHANCED OPEN Android 10 introduces support for the Wi-Fi Alliance's (WFA) Wi-Fi Protected Access version 3 (WPA3) and Wi-Fi Enhanced Open standards. For more information, see Security on the WFA site. WPA3 is a new WFA security standard for personal and enterprise networks. MODULAR SYSTEM COMPONENTS Modular system components enable Google and Android partners to distribute updates broadly, quickly, and seamlessly to end-user devices in a nonintrusive manner. For example, the combination of media codec fragmentation and critical bugs can dramatically slow app adoption and user engagement. Frequent updates to media-relatedmodules can reduce
2021 ANDROID SECURITY BULLETINS This page contains all available 2021 Android Security Bulletins. For a list of all bulletins, see the Android Security Bulletins homepage. PROTECTED CONFIRMATION Android Protected Confirmation is available to supported devices running Android 9 (API level 28) or higher. When an app invokes Protected Confirmation, Trusted UI queries the user for confirmation. The Trusted UI asserts the user’s approval of the prompted message with a high degree of confidence even if Android or its kernel (Linux)have
WHAT IS ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE? Android Automotive is a base Android platform that runs pre-installed IVI system Android applications as well as optional second- and third-party Android Applications. Android Automotive offers openness, customization, and scale to automotive infotainment systems and head units. Openness enables new efficiencies by providing basic automotive MEASURING DEVICE POWER Measurements can include instantaneous current, remaining charge, battery capacity at test start and end, and more depending on the supported properties of the device (see below). For best results, perform device power measurements during long-running A/B tests that use the same device type with the same fuel gauge and same currentsense resistor.
RECOMMENDED PRACTICES DEVICE MANIFEST DEVELOPMENT Device Manifest Development. When developing and releasing new devices, vendors can define and declare the Target FCM Version in the device manifest (DM). When upgrading the vendor image for old devices, vendors can choose to implement OVERVIEW | ANDROID OPEN SOURCE PROJECTSEE MORE ON SOURCE.ANDROID.COMTHERMAL MITIGATION
Thermal service. In Android 10, the thermal service in the framework provides constant monitoring using the various mitigation signals from Thermal HAL 2.0, and gives throttling severity feedback to its clients. These include internal components and Android apps. The service utilizes two binder callback interfaces, IThermalEventListenerand
VEHICLE PROPERTIES
The Vehicle Hardware Abstraction Layer (VHAL) interface defines the properties OEMs can implement and contains property metadata (for example, whether the property is an int and which change modes are allowed). The VHAL interface is based on accessing (read, write, subscribe) a property, which is an abstraction for a specificfunction.
MODULAR SYSTEM COMPONENTS Modular system components enable Google and Android partners to distribute updates broadly, quickly, and seamlessly to end-user devices in a nonintrusive manner. For example, the combination of media codec fragmentation and critical bugs can dramatically slow app adoption and user engagement. Frequent updates to media-relatedmodules can reduce
2021 ANDROID SECURITY BULLETINS This page contains all available 2021 Android Security Bulletins. For a list of all bulletins, see the Android Security Bulletins homepage. PROTECTED CONFIRMATION Android Protected Confirmation is available to supported devices running Android 9 (API level 28) or higher. When an app invokes Protected Confirmation, Trusted UI queries the user for confirmation. The Trusted UI asserts the user’s approval of the prompted message with a high degree of confidence even if Android or its kernel (Linux)have
WHAT IS ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE? Android Automotive is a base Android platform that runs pre-installed IVI system Android applications as well as optional second- and third-party Android Applications. Android Automotive offers openness, customization, and scale to automotive infotainment systems and head units. Openness enables new efficiencies by providing basic automotive MEASURING DEVICE POWER Measurements can include instantaneous current, remaining charge, battery capacity at test start and end, and more depending on the supported properties of the device (see below). For best results, perform device power measurements during long-running A/B tests that use the same device type with the same fuel gauge and same currentsense resistor.
RECOMMENDED PRACTICES DEVICE MANIFEST DEVELOPMENT Device Manifest Development. When developing and releasing new devices, vendors can define and declare the Target FCM Version in the device manifest (DM). When upgrading the vendor image for old devices, vendors can choose to implement OVERVIEW | ANDROID OPEN SOURCE PROJECTSEE MORE ON SOURCE.ANDROID.COMTHERMAL MITIGATION
Thermal service. In Android 10, the thermal service in the framework provides constant monitoring using the various mitigation signals from Thermal HAL 2.0, and gives throttling severity feedback to its clients. These include internal components and Android apps. The service utilizes two binder callback interfaces, IThermalEventListenerand
VEHICLE PROPERTIES
The Vehicle Hardware Abstraction Layer (VHAL) interface defines the properties OEMs can implement and contains property metadata (for example, whether the property is an int and which change modes are allowed). The VHAL interface is based on accessing (read, write, subscribe) a property, which is an abstraction for a specificfunction.
ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE OS UPDATE BULLETIN—JUNE 2021 Published June 7, 2021. The Android Automotive OS (AAOS) Update Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities affecting the Android Automotive OS platform. MODULAR SYSTEM COMPONENTS Modular system components enable Google and Android partners to distribute updates broadly, quickly, and seamlessly to end-user devices in a nonintrusive manner. For example, the combination of media codec fragmentation and critical bugs can dramatically slow app adoption and user engagement. Frequent updates to media-relatedmodules can reduce
2021 ANDROID SECURITY BULLETINS This page contains all available 2021 Android Security Bulletins. For a list of all bulletins, see the Android Security Bulletins homepage. MEASURING DEVICE POWER Measurements can include instantaneous current, remaining charge, battery capacity at test start and end, and more depending on the supported properties of the device (see below). For best results, perform device power measurements during long-running A/B tests that use the same device type with the same fuel gauge and same currentsense resistor.
COMPATIBILITY TEST SUITE The Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) is a free, commercial-grade test suite, available for download. The CTS represents the "mechanism" of compatibility. The CTS runs on a desktop machine and executes test cases directly on attached devices or an emulator. The CTS is a set of unit tests designed to be integrated into the daily workflow (such as CREATING THE HAL INTERFACE Warning: Android 10 deprecates the ConfigStore HAL and replaces the HAL with system properties. For details, refer to Configuring.. You must use HIDL to describe all build flags used for conditionally compiling the framework. Relevant build flags must be grouped and included in a single .hal file. Using HIDL for specifying configuration items includes the following benefits: SYSTEMS TESTING WITH VTS To test a patch: Build a VTS host-side package: . build/envsetup.sh lunch aosp_arm64-userdebug make vts -j. Run the default VTS tests: vts-tradefed tf> run vts // where vtsVEHICLE PROPERTIES
The Vehicle Hardware Abstraction Layer (VHAL) interface defines the properties OEMs can implement and contains property metadata (for example, whether the property is an int and which change modes are allowed). The VHAL interface is based on accessing (read, write, subscribe) a property, which is an abstraction for a specificfunction.
MIDI ARCHITECTURE
A MIDI device has at least one OUT port, IN port, or both. The MIDI device supplies stream (s) of messages originating at each OUT port, and receives stream (s) of messages arriving at each IN port. The terms IN and OUT are of course relative to one port; from the perspective of the other port the reverse term applies.VISUAL VOICEMAIL
The server activates the visual voicemail service and sends the OMTP credentials via STATUS sms. When the VVM client receives the STATUS sms, it registers the voicemail source and displays the voicemail tab on the device. The OMTP credentials are saved locally and the device begins a full sync, as described below. MODULAR SYSTEM COMPONENTS Modular system components enable Google and Android partners to distribute updates broadly, quickly, and seamlessly to end-user devices in a nonintrusive manner. For example, the combination of media codec fragmentation and critical bugs can dramatically slow app adoption and user engagement. Frequent updates to media-relatedmodules can reduce
2021 ANDROID SECURITY BULLETINS This page contains all available 2021 Android Security Bulletins. For a list of all bulletins, see the Android Security Bulletins homepage. PROTECTED CONFIRMATION Android Protected Confirmation is available to supported devices running Android 9 (API level 28) or higher. When an app invokes Protected Confirmation, Trusted UI queries the user for confirmation. The Trusted UI asserts the user’s approval of the prompted message with a high degree of confidence even if Android or its kernel (Linux)have
WHAT IS ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE? Android Automotive is a base Android platform that runs pre-installed IVI system Android applications as well as optional second- and third-party Android Applications. Android Automotive offers openness, customization, and scale to automotive infotainment systems and head units. Openness enables new efficiencies by providing basic automotive MEASURING DEVICE POWER Measurements can include instantaneous current, remaining charge, battery capacity at test start and end, and more depending on the supported properties of the device (see below). For best results, perform device power measurements during long-running A/B tests that use the same device type with the same fuel gauge and same currentsense resistor.
RECOMMENDED PRACTICES DEVICE MANIFEST DEVELOPMENT Device Manifest Development. When developing and releasing new devices, vendors can define and declare the Target FCM Version in the device manifest (DM). When upgrading the vendor image for old devices, vendors can choose to implement OVERVIEW | ANDROID OPEN SOURCE PROJECTSEE MORE ON SOURCE.ANDROID.COMANDROID AUTOMOTIVE APP TESTINGANDROID AUTOMOTIVE CARANDROID AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEM IMAGEANDROID SETTING MENUANDROID SETTINGS APPGOOGLE ANDROID AUTOMOTIVETHERMAL MITIGATION
Thermal service. In Android 10, the thermal service in the framework provides constant monitoring using the various mitigation signals from Thermal HAL 2.0, and gives throttling severity feedback to its clients. These include internal components and Android apps. The service utilizes two binder callback interfaces, IThermalEventListenerand
VEHICLE PROPERTIES
The Vehicle Hardware Abstraction Layer (VHAL) interface defines the properties OEMs can implement and contains property metadata (for example, whether the property is an int and which change modes are allowed). The VHAL interface is based on accessing (read, write, subscribe) a property, which is an abstraction for a specificfunction.
MODULAR SYSTEM COMPONENTS Modular system components enable Google and Android partners to distribute updates broadly, quickly, and seamlessly to end-user devices in a nonintrusive manner. For example, the combination of media codec fragmentation and critical bugs can dramatically slow app adoption and user engagement. Frequent updates to media-relatedmodules can reduce
2021 ANDROID SECURITY BULLETINS This page contains all available 2021 Android Security Bulletins. For a list of all bulletins, see the Android Security Bulletins homepage. PROTECTED CONFIRMATION Android Protected Confirmation is available to supported devices running Android 9 (API level 28) or higher. When an app invokes Protected Confirmation, Trusted UI queries the user for confirmation. The Trusted UI asserts the user’s approval of the prompted message with a high degree of confidence even if Android or its kernel (Linux)have
WHAT IS ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE? Android Automotive is a base Android platform that runs pre-installed IVI system Android applications as well as optional second- and third-party Android Applications. Android Automotive offers openness, customization, and scale to automotive infotainment systems and head units. Openness enables new efficiencies by providing basic automotive MEASURING DEVICE POWER Measurements can include instantaneous current, remaining charge, battery capacity at test start and end, and more depending on the supported properties of the device (see below). For best results, perform device power measurements during long-running A/B tests that use the same device type with the same fuel gauge and same currentsense resistor.
RECOMMENDED PRACTICES DEVICE MANIFEST DEVELOPMENT Device Manifest Development. When developing and releasing new devices, vendors can define and declare the Target FCM Version in the device manifest (DM). When upgrading the vendor image for old devices, vendors can choose to implement OVERVIEW | ANDROID OPEN SOURCE PROJECTSEE MORE ON SOURCE.ANDROID.COMANDROID AUTOMOTIVE APP TESTINGANDROID AUTOMOTIVE CARANDROID AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEM IMAGEANDROID SETTING MENUANDROID SETTINGS APPGOOGLE ANDROID AUTOMOTIVETHERMAL MITIGATION
Thermal service. In Android 10, the thermal service in the framework provides constant monitoring using the various mitigation signals from Thermal HAL 2.0, and gives throttling severity feedback to its clients. These include internal components and Android apps. The service utilizes two binder callback interfaces, IThermalEventListenerand
VEHICLE PROPERTIES
The Vehicle Hardware Abstraction Layer (VHAL) interface defines the properties OEMs can implement and contains property metadata (for example, whether the property is an int and which change modes are allowed). The VHAL interface is based on accessing (read, write, subscribe) a property, which is an abstraction for a specificfunction.
ANDROID AUTOMOTIVE OS UPDATE BULLETIN—JUNE 2021 Published June 7, 2021. The Android Automotive OS (AAOS) Update Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities affecting the Android Automotive OS platform. MODULAR SYSTEM COMPONENTS Modular system components enable Google and Android partners to distribute updates broadly, quickly, and seamlessly to end-user devices in a nonintrusive manner. For example, the combination of media codec fragmentation and critical bugs can dramatically slow app adoption and user engagement. Frequent updates to media-relatedmodules can reduce
2021 ANDROID SECURITY BULLETINS This page contains all available 2021 Android Security Bulletins. For a list of all bulletins, see the Android Security Bulletins homepage. MEASURING DEVICE POWER Measurements can include instantaneous current, remaining charge, battery capacity at test start and end, and more depending on the supported properties of the device (see below). For best results, perform device power measurements during long-running A/B tests that use the same device type with the same fuel gauge and same currentsense resistor.
COMPATIBILITY TEST SUITE The Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) is a free, commercial-grade test suite, available for download. The CTS represents the "mechanism" of compatibility. The CTS runs on a desktop machine and executes test cases directly on attached devices or an emulator. The CTS is a set of unit tests designed to be integrated into the daily workflow (such as CREATING THE HAL INTERFACE Warning: Android 10 deprecates the ConfigStore HAL and replaces the HAL with system properties. For details, refer to Configuring.. You must use HIDL to describe all build flags used for conditionally compiling the framework. Relevant build flags must be grouped and included in a single .hal file. Using HIDL for specifying configuration items includes the following benefits: SYSTEMS TESTING WITH VTS To test a patch: Build a VTS host-side package: . build/envsetup.sh lunch aosp_arm64-userdebug make vts -j. Run the default VTS tests: vts-tradefed tf> run vts // where vtsVEHICLE PROPERTIES
The Vehicle Hardware Abstraction Layer (VHAL) interface defines the properties OEMs can implement and contains property metadata (for example, whether the property is an int and which change modes are allowed). The VHAL interface is based on accessing (read, write, subscribe) a property, which is an abstraction for a specificfunction.
MIDI ARCHITECTURE
A MIDI device has at least one OUT port, IN port, or both. The MIDI device supplies stream (s) of messages originating at each OUT port, and receives stream (s) of messages arriving at each IN port. The terms IN and OUT are of course relative to one port; from the perspective of the other port the reverse term applies.VISUAL VOICEMAIL
The server activates the visual voicemail service and sends the OMTP credentials via STATUS sms. When the VVM client receives the STATUS sms, it registers the voicemail source and displays the voicemail tab on the device. The OMTP credentials are saved locally and the device begins a full sync, as described below.*
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IMPLEMENTING SYSTEM PROPERTIES AS APIS* Table of contents
* Defining system properties as APIs * Defining system properties libraries*
System properties provide a convenient way to share information, usually configurations, system-wide. Each partition can use its own system properties internally. A problem can happen when properties are accessed across partitions, such as /vendor accessing /system-defined properties. Since Android 8.0, some partitions, such as /system, can be upgraded, while /vendor is left unchanged. Because system properties are just a global dictionary of string key/value pairs with no schema, it's difficult to stabilize properties. The /system partition could change or remove properties that the /vendor partition depends on without any notice. Starting with the Android 10 release, system properties accessed across partitions are schematized into Sysprop Description files, and APIs to access properties are generated as concrete functions for C++ and classes for Java. These APIs are more convenient to use because no magic strings (such as ro.build.date) are needed for access, and because they can be statically typed. ABI stability is also checked at build time, and the build breaks if incompatible changes happen. This check acts as explicitly defined interfaces between partitions. These APIs can also provide consistency between Java and C++. DEFINING SYSTEM PROPERTIES AS APIS Define system properties as APIs with Sysprop Description files (.sysprop), which use a TextFormat of protobuf, with the followingschema:
// File: sysprop.proto syntax = "proto3";package sysprop;
enum Access {
Readonly = 0;
Writeonce = 1;
ReadWrite = 2;
}
enum Owner {
Platform = 0;
Vendor = 1;
Odm = 2;
}
enum Scope {
Public = 0;
Internal = 2;
}
enum Type {
Boolean = 0;
Integer = 1;
Long = 2;
Double = 3;
String = 4;
Enum = 5;
UInt = 6;
ULong = 7;
BooleanList = 20;
IntegerList = 21;
LongList = 22;
DoubleList = 23;
StringList = 24;
EnumList = 25;
UIntList = 26;
ULongList = 27;
}
message Property { string api_name = 1;Type type = 2;
Access access = 3;Scope scope = 4;
string prop_name = 5; string enum_values = 6; bool integer_as_bool = 7; string legacy_prop_name = 8;}
message Properties {Owner owner = 1;
string module = 2; repeated Property prop = 3;}
One Sysprop Description file contains one properties message, which describes a set of properties. The meaning of its fields are asfollows.
FIELD
MEANING
owner
Set to the partition that owns the properties: Platform, Vendor, orOdm.
module
Used to create a namespace (C++) or static final class (Java) in which generated APIs are placed. For example, com.android.sysprop.BuildProperties will be namespace com::android::sysprop::BuildProperties in C++, and the BuildProperties class in the package in com.android.sysprop in Java.prop
List of properties.
The meanings of the Property message fields are as follows.FIELD
MEANING
api_name
The name of the generated API.type
The type of this property.access
Readonly: Generates getter API only Writeonce, ReadWrite: Generates getter and setter APIs Note: Properties with the prefix ro. may not use ReadWrite access.scope
Internal: Only the owner can access. Public: Everyone can access, except for NDK modules.prop_name
The name of the underlying system property, for examplero.build.date.
enum_values
(Enum, EnumList only) A bar(|)-separated string that consists of possible enum values. For example, value1|value2.integer_as_bool
(Boolean, BooleanList only) Make setters use 0 and 1 instead offalse and true.
legacy_prop_name
(optional, Readonly properties only) The legacy name of the underlying system property. When calling getter, the getter API tries to read prop_name and uses legacy_prop_name if prop_name doesn't exist. Use legacy_prop_name when deprecating an existing property and moving to a new property. Each type of property maps to the following types in C++ and Java.TYPE
C++
JAVA
Boolean
std::optional
Optional
Integer
std::optionalOptional
UInt
std::optionalOptional
Long
std::optionalOptional
ULong
std::optionalOptional
Double
std::optionalOptional
String
std::optionalOptional
Enum
std::optional<{api_name}_values> Optional<{api_name}_values>T List
std::vectorList
Here's an example of a Sysprop Description file defining three properties:
# File: android/sysprop/PlatformProperties.syspropowner: Platform
module: "android.sysprop.PlatformProperties"prop {
api_name: "build_date"type: String
prop_name: "ro.build.date"scope: Public
access: Readonly
}
prop {
api_name: "date_utc"type: Integer
prop_name: "ro.build.date_utc"scope: Internal
access: Readonly
}
prop {
api_name: "device_status"type: Enum
enum_values: "on|off|unknown" prop_name: "device.status"scope: Public
access: ReadWrite
}
DEFINING SYSTEM PROPERTIES LIBRARIES You can now define sysprop_library modules with Sysprop Description files. sysprop_library serves as an API for both C++ and Java. The build system internally generates one java_library and one cc_library for each instance of sysprop_library. // File: Android.bpsysprop_library {
name: "PlatformProperties",srcs: ,
property_owner: "Platform", vendor_available: true,}
You must include API lists files in the source for API checks. To do this, create API files and an api directory. Put the api directory in the same directory as Android.bp. The API filenames are├── api
│ ├── PlatformProperties-current.txt │ └── PlatformProperties-latest.txt └── Android.bp NOTE: The old version of sysprop_library may have a different set of API signature files, which are current.txt, removed.txt, system-current.txt, system-removed.txt, test-current.txt, and test-removed.txt. If that's the case, you can update them by using the m update-api command. Both Java and C++ client modules can link against sysprop_library to use generated APIs. The build system creates links from clients to generated C++ and Java libraries, thus giving clients access togenerated APIs.
java_library {
name: "JavaClient",srcs: ,
libs: ,
}
cc_binary {
name: "cc_client",
srcs: ,
shared_libs: ,
}
In the above example, you could access defined properties as follows.Java example:
import android.sysprop.PlatformProperties;…
static void foo() {…
// read "ro.build.date_utc". default value is -1 Integer dateUtc = PlatformProperties.date_utc().orElse(-1); // set "device.status" to "unknown" if "ro.build.date" is not set if (!PlatformProperties.build_date().isPresent()) { PlatformProperties.device_status( PlatformProperties.device_status_values.UNKNOWN);
}
…
}
…
C++ example:
#include…
void bar() {
…
// read "ro.build.date". default value is "(unknown)" std::string build_date = PlatformProperties::build_date().value_or("(unknown)"); // set "device.status" to "on" if it's "unknown" or not set using PlatformProperties::device_status_values; auto status = PlatformProperties::device_status(); if (!status.has_value() || status.value() == device_status_values::UNKNOWN) { PlatformProperties::device_status(device_status_values::ON);}
…
}
…
Was this page helpful? Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the Content License . Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Last updated 2020-11-03 UTC.*
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