Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
More Annotations
![A complete backup of southmelbournemarket.com.au](https://www.archivebay.com/archive5/images/33c11bc8-efb0-49fe-a3f7-1bd810dd8598.png)
A complete backup of southmelbournemarket.com.au
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
![A complete backup of prodigynetwork.com](https://www.archivebay.com/archive5/images/26246bb7-958e-4794-85d2-1af9d1ae0a9f.png)
A complete backup of prodigynetwork.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
![A complete backup of autoinsurancevirginia.xyz](https://www.archivebay.com/archive5/images/c267a01b-76f7-4aef-bd4a-4019cb8a5fda.png)
A complete backup of autoinsurancevirginia.xyz
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
![A complete backup of canadianpharmacyonlinesrvh.com](https://www.archivebay.com/archive5/images/41f42c73-f438-4c28-93c9-8883a931d1f3.png)
A complete backup of canadianpharmacyonlinesrvh.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
![A complete backup of natashadenona.com](https://www.archivebay.com/archive5/images/3f30124f-077b-4dc3-ad3b-28429069a36f.png)
A complete backup of natashadenona.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
Favourite Annotations
![A complete backup of top1000funds.com](https://www.archivebay.com/archive5/images/cd03804b-54b7-4471-8e53-cee55bc815f0.png)
A complete backup of top1000funds.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
![A complete backup of organicfoodfast.com](https://www.archivebay.com/archive5/images/118bbfd7-bffb-4856-8ab9-3e866e38029d.png)
A complete backup of organicfoodfast.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
![A complete backup of colour-affects.co.uk](https://www.archivebay.com/archive5/images/ee6b1074-3d0f-4fa7-b5d1-174cc7e296c1.png)
A complete backup of colour-affects.co.uk
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
![A complete backup of elite-property-marketing.com](https://www.archivebay.com/archive5/images/a09bb449-cbb2-49a9-821e-603f872efd80.png)
A complete backup of elite-property-marketing.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
![A complete backup of dolphinproject.com](https://www.archivebay.com/archive5/images/18503e35-11e9-4234-9bd1-004c3520e60e.png)
A complete backup of dolphinproject.com
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
Text
LARGEST TRILOBITES
Among the evolutionary trends of trilobites, gigantism yielded some spectacularly large species, expressed maximally in the orders Asaphida, Redlichiida, and Lichida.Below, depicted in scale alongside a familiar object, are some of the largest recorded specimens: Isotelus rex, the largest known species of trilobite, at nearly three quarters of a meter in length (720 mm), was found in Canada TRILOBITE FACIAL SUTURE TYPES There are three main categories of facial suture types ( proparian, gonatoparian, and opisthoparian ), described below. If you want more detailed definitions of the terms related to facial sutures, they can be found in the on-line glossary of trilobite terms. The facial sutures determine the boundary between the central cranidium (glabellaand
TRILOBITE FEEDING HABITS What did trilobites eat? Trilobites occupied a huge set of habitats and paleolatitudes, from tropical shallows and reefs, to polar depths, and wide-ranging pelagic habitats in between.Their diversity of form suggests a complex ecology with many modes of life, including occupation of a variety of trophic (feeding) guilds.There has been a long history of speculation about the feeding habits ofTHE TRILOBITE EYE
The advantage of good eye design* Compound eyes in living arthropods such as insects are very sensitive to motion, and it is likely that they were similarly important in predator detection in trilobites. It has also been suggested that stereoscopic vision was provided by closely spaced, but separate eyes.Vertebrate lenses (such as our own) can change shape (accommodate) to focus on TRILOBITE GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE *The chart above (and below) are based on the International Commission of Stratigraphy 2008 revision of the Geological Time Scale. See www.stratigraphy.org for the full set of current charts in UNESCO and US standard colors. The 2014 iteration makes some adjustments to the Era boundary dates: 541.0 for Precambrian-Cambrian, 485.4 for Cambrian-Ordovician, 443.4 for Ordovician-Silurian, 419.2 AGNOSTIDA FACT SHEET Tsunyidiscus click on drawing for pictorial guide: ORDER AGNOSTIDA Last revised 07 December 2006 by S. M. Gon III. Introduction: Small trilobites (usually only a few mm long) with cephalon and pygidium strongly similar in outline and size (isopygous); enrollment typical. Cephalon: cephalic shield with deeply parabolic outline, maximum width usually anterior of genal angle, sutures proparian or TRILOBITES OF THE WALCOTT-RUST QUARRY NEW YORK Brett, C.E., T.E. Whiteley, P.A. Allison, & E.L. Yochelson. 1999. The Walcott-Rust Quarry: Middle Ordovician trilobite konservat-lagerstatten. Journal of Paleontology 73 (2):288-305. [Note: since this publication, the divisions of the Ordovician have been refined and the Rust Formation is considered part of the lower UpperOrdovician, rather
A GUIDE TO THE ORDERS OF TRILOBITESGLOSSARYDORSAL MORPHOLOGYPYGIDIUMDRAWING TRILOBITESLOCALITIES Trilobites are the most diverse group of extinct animals preserved in the fossil record. Ten orders of trilobites are recognized, into which 20,000+ species are placed. Learn more about trilobite morphology , anatomy , ecology , behavior, reproduction , and development , and how they relate to trilobite origins , evolution , and classification . TRILOBITE CLASSIFICATION CHART In the image above, trilobites (1) live among many species that are not normally preserved. A typical Cambrian outcrop might produce only trilobites, brachiopods (2), mollusks (3), and crinoids (4). That is a tiny fraction of the full Cambrian biota, better represented by the roster of the Burgess Shale Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstatten. TRILOBITE INTERNAL ANATOMY The dorsal morphology of trilobites is typically well preserved, and ventral features such as limbs and antennae are only rarely preserved. Similarly, our knowledge of the internal anatomy of trilobites is very poorly understood.X-ray images of some trilobite specimens indicate a long, central (axial) structure typically considered an alimentary canal (intestines or gut).LARGEST TRILOBITES
Among the evolutionary trends of trilobites, gigantism yielded some spectacularly large species, expressed maximally in the orders Asaphida, Redlichiida, and Lichida.Below, depicted in scale alongside a familiar object, are some of the largest recorded specimens: Isotelus rex, the largest known species of trilobite, at nearly three quarters of a meter in length (720 mm), was found in Canada TRILOBITE FACIAL SUTURE TYPES There are three main categories of facial suture types ( proparian, gonatoparian, and opisthoparian ), described below. If you want more detailed definitions of the terms related to facial sutures, they can be found in the on-line glossary of trilobite terms. The facial sutures determine the boundary between the central cranidium (glabellaand
TRILOBITE FEEDING HABITS What did trilobites eat? Trilobites occupied a huge set of habitats and paleolatitudes, from tropical shallows and reefs, to polar depths, and wide-ranging pelagic habitats in between.Their diversity of form suggests a complex ecology with many modes of life, including occupation of a variety of trophic (feeding) guilds.There has been a long history of speculation about the feeding habits ofTHE TRILOBITE EYE
The advantage of good eye design* Compound eyes in living arthropods such as insects are very sensitive to motion, and it is likely that they were similarly important in predator detection in trilobites. It has also been suggested that stereoscopic vision was provided by closely spaced, but separate eyes.Vertebrate lenses (such as our own) can change shape (accommodate) to focus on TRILOBITE GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE *The chart above (and below) are based on the International Commission of Stratigraphy 2008 revision of the Geological Time Scale. See www.stratigraphy.org for the full set of current charts in UNESCO and US standard colors. The 2014 iteration makes some adjustments to the Era boundary dates: 541.0 for Precambrian-Cambrian, 485.4 for Cambrian-Ordovician, 443.4 for Ordovician-Silurian, 419.2 AGNOSTIDA FACT SHEET Tsunyidiscus click on drawing for pictorial guide: ORDER AGNOSTIDA Last revised 07 December 2006 by S. M. Gon III. Introduction: Small trilobites (usually only a few mm long) with cephalon and pygidium strongly similar in outline and size (isopygous); enrollment typical. Cephalon: cephalic shield with deeply parabolic outline, maximum width usually anterior of genal angle, sutures proparian or TRILOBITES OF THE WALCOTT-RUST QUARRY NEW YORK Brett, C.E., T.E. Whiteley, P.A. Allison, & E.L. Yochelson. 1999. The Walcott-Rust Quarry: Middle Ordovician trilobite konservat-lagerstatten. Journal of Paleontology 73 (2):288-305. [Note: since this publication, the divisions of the Ordovician have been refined and the Rust Formation is considered part of the lower UpperOrdovician, rather
TRILOBITE FEEDING HABITS What did trilobites eat? Trilobites occupied a huge set of habitats and paleolatitudes, from tropical shallows and reefs, to polar depths, and wide-ranging pelagic habitats in between.Their diversity of form suggests a complex ecology with many modes of life, including occupation of a variety of trophic (feeding) guilds.There has been a long history of speculation about the feeding habits of INTRODUCTION TO TRILOBITES Whatever their size, all trilobite fossils have a similar body plan, being made up of three main body parts: a cephalon (head), a segmented thorax, and a pygidium (tail piece) as shown at left. However, the name "trilobite," which means "three lobed," is not in reference to those three body parts mentioned above, but to the fact that all trilobites bear a long central axial lobe, flanked on TRILOBITE INTERNAL ANATOMY The dorsal morphology of trilobites is typically well preserved, and ventral features such as limbs and antennae are only rarely preserved. Similarly, our knowledge of the internal anatomy of trilobites is very poorly understood.X-ray images of some trilobite specimens indicate a long, central (axial) structure typically considered an alimentary canal (intestines or gut). ORIGINS OF TRILOBITES The earliest trilobites appear in the lower Cambrian record. These oldest trilobites include members of Order Redlichiida, Suborder Olenellina, Superfamily Fallotaspidoidea and Order Ptychopariida, Suborder Ptychopariina, Superfamily Ellipsocephaloidea.Even these early representatives bear all of the defining characters of trilobites. . Probably the key distinguishing character, one that also TRILOBITE GUIDE HARDCOPY Trilobite Guide Hardcopy. Arctinurus. (Order Lichida) Pictorial Guide to the Orders of Trilobites. Now Available in Hardcopy Adaptation. Many people prefer to flip through a book version of information that they find on the internet. I have spent many hours converting the most salient info from this website to fit a 8.5 x 11" sheet format. TRILOBITE GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE *The chart above (and below) are based on the International Commission of Stratigraphy 2008 revision of the Geological Time Scale. See www.stratigraphy.org for the full set of current charts in UNESCO and US standard colors. The 2014 iteration makes some adjustments to the Era boundary dates: 541.0 for Precambrian-Cambrian, 485.4 for Cambrian-Ordovician, 443.4 for Ordovician-Silurian, 419.2 PICTORIAL GUIDE TO THE TRILOBITE ORDER PTYCHOPARIIDA ORDER PTYCHOPARIIDA Introduction: An large, heterogenous order, classification problematic, with specialized offshoots that are hard to frame within a general diagnosis. Cephalon: typically with opisthoparian facial sutures, with gently forward-tapering simple glabella bearing a broad, rounded front, usually with 3 pairs of rather narrow parallel glabellar furrows; natant hypostome. LATHAM SHALE TRILOBITES, CALIFORNIA The Marble Mountains is one of the best-known and most productive Cambrian trilobite localities in the state of California. This is a rather small mountain range in one of the harshest, driest parts of the Mojave Desert, in southeastern California near the towns of Chambless and Cadiz. Its trilobite-bearing rocks include exposures ofthe Latham
BURGESS SHALE TRILOBITES It is notable that the trilobite fauna of the Burgess Shale, being a late Middle Cambrian locality, is not dominated by Redlichiida as at Chengjiang, but by a mix of Ptychopariida, Corynexochida, and Agnostida. In addition to trilobites, there were other species of arachnomorph (trilobite-like clade) arthropods such as Helmetia,Tegopeltes, and
PTYCHOPARIIDA FACT SHEET ORDER PTYCHOPARIIDA. last revised 11 NOV 2019 by S. M. Gon III. Introduction: A large, heterogenous order with primitive origins and problematic classification, with specialized offshoots that are hard to frame within a general diagnosis. Cephalon: typically with opisthoparian facial sutures, with gently forward-tapering simpleglabella bearing
A GUIDE TO THE ORDERS OF TRILOBITESGLOSSARYDORSAL MORPHOLOGYA GALLERY OF SOME OF THE TRILOBITE ORDER HARPETIDAPYGIDIUM Trilobites are the most diverse group of extinct animals preserved in the fossil record. Ten orders of trilobites are recognized, into which 20,000+ species are placed. Learn more about trilobite morphology , anatomy , ecology , behavior, reproduction , and development , and how they relate to trilobite origins , evolution , and classification . TRILOBITE INTERNAL ANATOMY The dorsal morphology of trilobites is typically well preserved, and ventral features such as limbs and antennae are only rarely preserved. Similarly, our knowledge of the internal anatomy of trilobites is very poorly understood.X-ray images of some trilobite specimens indicate a long, central (axial) structure typically considered an alimentary canal (intestines or gut). TRILOBITE CLASSIFICATION CHART In the image above, trilobites (1) live among many species that are not normally preserved. A typical Cambrian outcrop might produce only trilobites, brachiopods (2), mollusks (3), and crinoids (4). That is a tiny fraction of the full Cambrian biota, better represented by the roster of the Burgess Shale Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstatten.LARGEST TRILOBITES
Among the evolutionary trends of trilobites, gigantism yielded some spectacularly large species, expressed maximally in the orders Asaphida, Redlichiida, and Lichida.Below, depicted in scale alongside a familiar object, are some of the largest recorded specimens: Isotelus rex, the largest known species of trilobite, at nearly three quarters of a meter in length (720 mm), was found in Canada TRILOBITE FEEDING HABITS What did trilobites eat? Trilobites occupied a huge set of habitats and paleolatitudes, from tropical shallows and reefs, to polar depths, and wide-ranging pelagic habitats in between.Their diversity of form suggests a complex ecology with many modes of life, including occupation of a variety of trophic (feeding) guilds.There has been a long history of speculation about the feeding habits of TRILOBITE GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE *The chart above (and below) are based on the International Commission of Stratigraphy 2008 revision of the Geological Time Scale. See www.stratigraphy.org for the full set of current charts in UNESCO and US standard colors. The 2014 iteration makes some adjustments to the Era boundary dates: 541.0 for Precambrian-Cambrian, 485.4 for Cambrian-Ordovician, 443.4 for Ordovician-Silurian, 419.2THE TRILOBITE EYE
The advantage of good eye design* Compound eyes in living arthropods such as insects are very sensitive to motion, and it is likely that they were similarly important in predator detection in trilobites. It has also been suggested that stereoscopic vision was provided by closely spaced, but separate eyes.Vertebrate lenses (such as our own) can change shape (accommodate) to focus on AGNOSTIDA FACT SHEET Tsunyidiscus click on drawing for pictorial guide: ORDER AGNOSTIDA Last revised 07 December 2006 by S. M. Gon III. Introduction: Small trilobites (usually only a few mm long) with cephalon and pygidium strongly similar in outline and size (isopygous); enrollment typical. Cephalon: cephalic shield with deeply parabolic outline, maximum width usually anterior of genal angle, sutures proparian or TRILOBITES OF THE WALCOTT-RUST QUARRY NEW YORK Brett, C.E., T.E. Whiteley, P.A. Allison, & E.L. Yochelson. 1999. The Walcott-Rust Quarry: Middle Ordovician trilobite konservat-lagerstatten. Journal of Paleontology 73 (2):288-305. [Note: since this publication, the divisions of the Ordovician have been refined and the Rust Formation is considered part of the lower UpperOrdovician, rather
BURGESS SHALE TRILOBITES It is notable that the trilobite fauna of the Burgess Shale, being a late Middle Cambrian locality, is not dominated by Redlichiida as at Chengjiang, but by a mix of Ptychopariida, Corynexochida, and Agnostida. In addition to trilobites, there were other species of arachnomorph (trilobite-like clade) arthropods such as Helmetia,Tegopeltes, and
A GUIDE TO THE ORDERS OF TRILOBITESGLOSSARYDORSAL MORPHOLOGYA GALLERY OF SOME OF THE TRILOBITE ORDER HARPETIDAPYGIDIUM Trilobites are the most diverse group of extinct animals preserved in the fossil record. Ten orders of trilobites are recognized, into which 20,000+ species are placed. Learn more about trilobite morphology , anatomy , ecology , behavior, reproduction , and development , and how they relate to trilobite origins , evolution , and classification . TRILOBITE INTERNAL ANATOMY The dorsal morphology of trilobites is typically well preserved, and ventral features such as limbs and antennae are only rarely preserved. Similarly, our knowledge of the internal anatomy of trilobites is very poorly understood.X-ray images of some trilobite specimens indicate a long, central (axial) structure typically considered an alimentary canal (intestines or gut). TRILOBITE CLASSIFICATION CHART In the image above, trilobites (1) live among many species that are not normally preserved. A typical Cambrian outcrop might produce only trilobites, brachiopods (2), mollusks (3), and crinoids (4). That is a tiny fraction of the full Cambrian biota, better represented by the roster of the Burgess Shale Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstatten.LARGEST TRILOBITES
Among the evolutionary trends of trilobites, gigantism yielded some spectacularly large species, expressed maximally in the orders Asaphida, Redlichiida, and Lichida.Below, depicted in scale alongside a familiar object, are some of the largest recorded specimens: Isotelus rex, the largest known species of trilobite, at nearly three quarters of a meter in length (720 mm), was found in Canada TRILOBITE FEEDING HABITS What did trilobites eat? Trilobites occupied a huge set of habitats and paleolatitudes, from tropical shallows and reefs, to polar depths, and wide-ranging pelagic habitats in between.Their diversity of form suggests a complex ecology with many modes of life, including occupation of a variety of trophic (feeding) guilds.There has been a long history of speculation about the feeding habits of TRILOBITE GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE *The chart above (and below) are based on the International Commission of Stratigraphy 2008 revision of the Geological Time Scale. See www.stratigraphy.org for the full set of current charts in UNESCO and US standard colors. The 2014 iteration makes some adjustments to the Era boundary dates: 541.0 for Precambrian-Cambrian, 485.4 for Cambrian-Ordovician, 443.4 for Ordovician-Silurian, 419.2THE TRILOBITE EYE
The advantage of good eye design* Compound eyes in living arthropods such as insects are very sensitive to motion, and it is likely that they were similarly important in predator detection in trilobites. It has also been suggested that stereoscopic vision was provided by closely spaced, but separate eyes.Vertebrate lenses (such as our own) can change shape (accommodate) to focus on AGNOSTIDA FACT SHEET Tsunyidiscus click on drawing for pictorial guide: ORDER AGNOSTIDA Last revised 07 December 2006 by S. M. Gon III. Introduction: Small trilobites (usually only a few mm long) with cephalon and pygidium strongly similar in outline and size (isopygous); enrollment typical. Cephalon: cephalic shield with deeply parabolic outline, maximum width usually anterior of genal angle, sutures proparian or TRILOBITES OF THE WALCOTT-RUST QUARRY NEW YORK Brett, C.E., T.E. Whiteley, P.A. Allison, & E.L. Yochelson. 1999. The Walcott-Rust Quarry: Middle Ordovician trilobite konservat-lagerstatten. Journal of Paleontology 73 (2):288-305. [Note: since this publication, the divisions of the Ordovician have been refined and the Rust Formation is considered part of the lower UpperOrdovician, rather
BURGESS SHALE TRILOBITES It is notable that the trilobite fauna of the Burgess Shale, being a late Middle Cambrian locality, is not dominated by Redlichiida as at Chengjiang, but by a mix of Ptychopariida, Corynexochida, and Agnostida. In addition to trilobites, there were other species of arachnomorph (trilobite-like clade) arthropods such as Helmetia,Tegopeltes, and
TRILOBITE GUIDE HARDCOPY Trilobite Guide Hardcopy. Arctinurus. (Order Lichida) Pictorial Guide to the Orders of Trilobites. Now Available in Hardcopy Adaptation. Many people prefer to flip through a book version of information that they find on the internet. I have spent many hours converting the most salient info from this website to fit a 8.5 x 11" sheet format. INTRODUCTION TO TRILOBITES Whatever their size, all trilobite fossils have a similar body plan, being made up of three main body parts: a cephalon (head), a segmented thorax, and a pygidium (tail piece) as shown at left. However, the name "trilobite," which means "three lobed," is not in reference to those three body parts mentioned above, but to the fact that all trilobites bear a long central axial lobe, flanked on TRILOBITE FEEDING HABITS What did trilobites eat? Trilobites occupied a huge set of habitats and paleolatitudes, from tropical shallows and reefs, to polar depths, and wide-ranging pelagic habitats in between.Their diversity of form suggests a complex ecology with many modes of life, including occupation of a variety of trophic (feeding) guilds.There has been a long history of speculation about the feeding habits of ORIGINS OF TRILOBITES The earliest trilobites appear in the lower Cambrian record. These oldest trilobites include members of Order Redlichiida, Suborder Olenellina, Superfamily Fallotaspidoidea and Order Ptychopariida, Suborder Ptychopariina, Superfamily Ellipsocephaloidea.Even these early representatives bear all of the defining characters of trilobites. . Probably the key distinguishing character, one that also TRILOBITE FACIAL SUTURE TYPES There are three main categories of facial suture types ( proparian, gonatoparian, and opisthoparian ), described below. If you want more detailed definitions of the terms related to facial sutures, they can be found in the on-line glossary of trilobite terms. The facial sutures determine the boundary between the central cranidium (glabellaand
MAJOR TRILOBITE FEATURES Major Trilobite Features. ©1999 by S.M. Gon III. The trilobite body is divided into three tagmata (major sections), a cephalon with eyes, mouthparts and antennae, a thorax of multiple articulated segments (that in some species allowed enrollment ), and a pygidium, or tail section of fused segments. The name " trilobite " (meaning "three-lobed
TRILOBITE CEPHALON
The cephalon (orange in figure below) is a head shield composed of fused segments containing a trilobite's main sensory organs (eyes, antennae), as well as the mouth and a special ventral plate called the hypostome, thought to function as a mouthpart.The first three or four pairs of legs of a trilobite are also associated with the cephalon, behind the antennae, with a pair of legs associatedTHE LAST TRILOBITES
Although the Trilobita went entirely extinct at the end of the Permian (251 million years ago ), when >90% of all species on the planet were extinguished, the pattern of decline for trilobites had been significant since the end of the Ordovocian. By the end of the Devonian (359 mya), the last of the Phacopidae went extinct, ending the order Phacopida. REDLICHIIDA FACT SHEET The family Bathynotidae was included in the order Redlichiida in the 1959 Treatise, but is listed as "order uncertain" in the 1997 Treatise. Its dorsal features are easily placed in the Redlichioidea, but its ventral features (particularly rostral plate lacking/greatly reduced) defy the typical pattern. PTYCHOPARIIDA FACT SHEET ORDER PTYCHOPARIIDA. last revised 11 NOV 2019 by S. M. Gon III. Introduction: A large, heterogenous order with primitive origins and problematic classification, with specialized offshoots that are hard to frame within a general diagnosis. Cephalon: typically with opisthoparian facial sutures, with gently forward-tapering simpleglabella bearing
A GUIDE TO THE ORDERS OF TRILOBITESGLOSSARYDORSAL MORPHOLOGYPYGIDIUMDRAWING TRILOBITESLOCALITIES Trilobites are the most diverse group of extinct animals preserved in the fossil record. Ten orders of trilobites are recognized, into which 20,000+ species are placed. Learn more about trilobite morphology , anatomy , ecology , behavior, reproduction , and development , and how they relate to trilobite origins , evolution , and classification . TRILOBITE FEEDING HABITS What did trilobites eat? Trilobites occupied a huge set of habitats and paleolatitudes, from tropical shallows and reefs, to polar depths, and wide-ranging pelagic habitats in between.Their diversity of form suggests a complex ecology with many modes of life, including occupation of a variety of trophic (feeding) guilds.There has been a long history of speculation about the feeding habits of TRILOBITE CLASSIFICATION CHART In the image above, trilobites (1) live among many species that are not normally preserved. A typical Cambrian outcrop might produce only trilobites, brachiopods (2), mollusks (3), and crinoids (4). That is a tiny fraction of the full Cambrian biota, better represented by the roster of the Burgess Shale Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstatten. TRILOBITE FACIAL SUTURE TYPES There are three main categories of facial suture types ( proparian, gonatoparian, and opisthoparian ), described below. If you want more detailed definitions of the terms related to facial sutures, they can be found in the on-line glossary of trilobite terms. The facial sutures determine the boundary between the central cranidium (glabellaand
THE TRILOBITE EYE
The advantage of good eye design* Compound eyes in living arthropods such as insects are very sensitive to motion, and it is likely that they were similarly important in predator detection in trilobites. It has also been suggested that stereoscopic vision was provided by closely spaced, but separate eyes.Vertebrate lenses (such as our own) can change shape (accommodate) to focus on LATHAM SHALE TRILOBITES, CALIFORNIA The Marble Mountains is one of the best-known and most productive Cambrian trilobite localities in the state of California. This is a rather small mountain range in one of the harshest, driest parts of the Mojave Desert, in southeastern California near the towns of Chambless and Cadiz. Its trilobite-bearing rocks include exposures ofthe Latham
CHENGJIANG TRILOBITES The Chengjiang biota, first discovered by Hou Xianguang in 1984, is reknowned as a window on the diversity of the early Cambrian.As in the Burgess Shale lagerstatte, soft-bodied animals are preserved at Chengjiang, in fine mudstones, revealing a great diversity of early arthropods, as well as such curiosities as anomalocaridids andHallucigenia.
BURGESS SHALE TRILOBITES It is notable that the trilobite fauna of the Burgess Shale, being a late Middle Cambrian locality, is not dominated by Redlichiida as at Chengjiang, but by a mix of Ptychopariida, Corynexochida, and Agnostida. In addition to trilobites, there were other species of arachnomorph (trilobite-like clade) arthropods such as Helmetia,Tegopeltes, and
TRILOBITES OF THE WALCOTT-RUST QUARRY NEW YORK Brett, C.E., T.E. Whiteley, P.A. Allison, & E.L. Yochelson. 1999. The Walcott-Rust Quarry: Middle Ordovician trilobite konservat-lagerstatten. Journal of Paleontology 73 (2):288-305. [Note: since this publication, the divisions of the Ordovician have been refined and the Rust Formation is considered part of the lower UpperOrdovician, rather
AGNOSTIDA FACT SHEET Tsunyidiscus click on drawing for pictorial guide: ORDER AGNOSTIDA Last revised 07 December 2006 by S. M. Gon III. Introduction: Small trilobites (usually only a few mm long) with cephalon and pygidium strongly similar in outline and size (isopygous); enrollment typical. Cephalon: cephalic shield with deeply parabolic outline, maximum width usually anterior of genal angle, sutures proparian or A GUIDE TO THE ORDERS OF TRILOBITESGLOSSARYDORSAL MORPHOLOGYPYGIDIUMDRAWING TRILOBITESLOCALITIES Trilobites are the most diverse group of extinct animals preserved in the fossil record. Ten orders of trilobites are recognized, into which 20,000+ species are placed. Learn more about trilobite morphology , anatomy , ecology , behavior, reproduction , and development , and how they relate to trilobite origins , evolution , and classification . TRILOBITE FEEDING HABITS What did trilobites eat? Trilobites occupied a huge set of habitats and paleolatitudes, from tropical shallows and reefs, to polar depths, and wide-ranging pelagic habitats in between.Their diversity of form suggests a complex ecology with many modes of life, including occupation of a variety of trophic (feeding) guilds.There has been a long history of speculation about the feeding habits of TRILOBITE CLASSIFICATION CHART In the image above, trilobites (1) live among many species that are not normally preserved. A typical Cambrian outcrop might produce only trilobites, brachiopods (2), mollusks (3), and crinoids (4). That is a tiny fraction of the full Cambrian biota, better represented by the roster of the Burgess Shale Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstatten. TRILOBITE FACIAL SUTURE TYPES There are three main categories of facial suture types ( proparian, gonatoparian, and opisthoparian ), described below. If you want more detailed definitions of the terms related to facial sutures, they can be found in the on-line glossary of trilobite terms. The facial sutures determine the boundary between the central cranidium (glabellaand
THE TRILOBITE EYE
The advantage of good eye design* Compound eyes in living arthropods such as insects are very sensitive to motion, and it is likely that they were similarly important in predator detection in trilobites. It has also been suggested that stereoscopic vision was provided by closely spaced, but separate eyes.Vertebrate lenses (such as our own) can change shape (accommodate) to focus on LATHAM SHALE TRILOBITES, CALIFORNIA The Marble Mountains is one of the best-known and most productive Cambrian trilobite localities in the state of California. This is a rather small mountain range in one of the harshest, driest parts of the Mojave Desert, in southeastern California near the towns of Chambless and Cadiz. Its trilobite-bearing rocks include exposures ofthe Latham
CHENGJIANG TRILOBITES The Chengjiang biota, first discovered by Hou Xianguang in 1984, is reknowned as a window on the diversity of the early Cambrian.As in the Burgess Shale lagerstatte, soft-bodied animals are preserved at Chengjiang, in fine mudstones, revealing a great diversity of early arthropods, as well as such curiosities as anomalocaridids andHallucigenia.
BURGESS SHALE TRILOBITES It is notable that the trilobite fauna of the Burgess Shale, being a late Middle Cambrian locality, is not dominated by Redlichiida as at Chengjiang, but by a mix of Ptychopariida, Corynexochida, and Agnostida. In addition to trilobites, there were other species of arachnomorph (trilobite-like clade) arthropods such as Helmetia,Tegopeltes, and
TRILOBITES OF THE WALCOTT-RUST QUARRY NEW YORK Brett, C.E., T.E. Whiteley, P.A. Allison, & E.L. Yochelson. 1999. The Walcott-Rust Quarry: Middle Ordovician trilobite konservat-lagerstatten. Journal of Paleontology 73 (2):288-305. [Note: since this publication, the divisions of the Ordovician have been refined and the Rust Formation is considered part of the lower UpperOrdovician, rather
AGNOSTIDA FACT SHEET Tsunyidiscus click on drawing for pictorial guide: ORDER AGNOSTIDA Last revised 07 December 2006 by S. M. Gon III. Introduction: Small trilobites (usually only a few mm long) with cephalon and pygidium strongly similar in outline and size (isopygous); enrollment typical. Cephalon: cephalic shield with deeply parabolic outline, maximum width usually anterior of genal angle, sutures proparian or TRILOBITE CLASSIFICATION CHART In the image above, trilobites (1) live among many species that are not normally preserved. A typical Cambrian outcrop might produce only trilobites, brachiopods (2), mollusks (3), and crinoids (4). That is a tiny fraction of the full Cambrian biota, better represented by the roster of the Burgess Shale Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstatten. TRILOBITE FEEDING HABITS What did trilobites eat? Trilobites occupied a huge set of habitats and paleolatitudes, from tropical shallows and reefs, to polar depths, and wide-ranging pelagic habitats in between.Their diversity of form suggests a complex ecology with many modes of life, including occupation of a variety of trophic (feeding) guilds.There has been a long history of speculation about the feeding habits ofLARGEST TRILOBITES
Among the evolutionary trends of trilobites, gigantism yielded some spectacularly large species, expressed maximally in the orders Asaphida, Redlichiida, and Lichida.Below, depicted in scale alongside a familiar object, are some of the largest recorded specimens: Isotelus rex, the largest known species of trilobite, at nearly three quarters of a meter in length (720 mm), was found in Canada ORIGINS OF TRILOBITES The earliest trilobites appear in the lower Cambrian record. These oldest trilobites include members of Order Redlichiida, Suborder Olenellina, Superfamily Fallotaspidoidea and Order Ptychopariida, Suborder Ptychopariina, Superfamily Ellipsocephaloidea.Even these early representatives bear all of the defining characters of trilobites. . Probably the key distinguishing character, one that also TRILOBITE FACIAL SUTURE TYPES There are three main categories of facial suture types ( proparian, gonatoparian, and opisthoparian ), described below. If you want more detailed definitions of the terms related to facial sutures, they can be found in the on-line glossary of trilobite terms. The facial sutures determine the boundary between the central cranidium (glabellaand
TRILOBITE GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE *The chart above (and below) are based on the International Commission of Stratigraphy 2008 revision of the Geological Time Scale. See www.stratigraphy.org for the full set of current charts in UNESCO and US standard colors. The 2014 iteration makes some adjustments to the Era boundary dates: 541.0 for Precambrian-Cambrian, 485.4 for Cambrian-Ordovician, 443.4 for Ordovician-Silurian, 419.2TRILOBITE PROSOPON
This tri-laminate shell was very strong, and could be modified in thickness and shape. Tubercles on the cephalon of Sao hirsuta. As in modern arthropods, the trilobite exoskeleton frequently bore various spines, tubercles, nodes, ridges, and pits. These sculptural details are called prosopon , and refer to relatively small features, ratherthan
GLOSSARY OF TRILOBITE TERMS Glossary of Trilobite Terms. abathochroal. eyes with compound lenses, each with separate cornea, each lens separated from others by shallow scleral walls; corneal membrane ends at lens edge. see holochroal, schizochroal. abaxial. away from the axis (center line) adaxial. toward the axis (center line). anamorphic. TRILOBITE SPECIMEN PREPARATION An example of air-abrasion preparation Recently, I acquired from Kevin Brett a 1" specimen of the Moroccan Proetus (Gerastos) cf granulosus that had been carefully prepared, largely using air-abrasion techniques. Kevin (the highly-qualified preparator of the specimen!) documented the sequence of the preparation, which I share with you, with his permission, via the image series shown below: HUNSRUCK SLATE TRILOBITES Hunsrück trilobites: Although the Hunsrück is known for unusual and distinctive arthropods such as Mimetaster hexagonalis, Vachonisia rogeri, Cheloniellon calmani, and Nahecaris stuertzi, quite a diversity of trilobites in four orders are also known, the most famous of which is Chotecops ferdinandi (the most abundant), because of numerous specimens preserved with limbs and internal organ A GUIDE TO THE ORDERS OF TRILOBITESGLOSSARYDORSAL MORPHOLOGYA GALLERY OF SOME OF THE TRILOBITE ORDER HARPETIDAPYGIDIUM Trilobites are the most diverse group of extinct animals preserved in the fossil record. Ten orders of trilobites are recognized, into which 20,000+ species are placed. Learn more about trilobite morphology , anatomy , ecology , behavior, reproduction , and development , and how they relate to trilobite origins , evolution , and classification . TRILOBITE FEEDING HABITS What did trilobites eat? Trilobites occupied a huge set of habitats and paleolatitudes, from tropical shallows and reefs, to polar depths, and wide-ranging pelagic habitats in between.Their diversity of form suggests a complex ecology with many modes of life, including occupation of a variety of trophic (feeding) guilds.There has been a long history of speculation about the feeding habits of TRILOBITE CLASSIFICATION CHART In the image above, trilobites (1) live among many species that are not normally preserved. A typical Cambrian outcrop might produce only trilobites, brachiopods (2), mollusks (3), and crinoids (4). That is a tiny fraction of the full Cambrian biota, better represented by the roster of the Burgess Shale Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstatten. TRILOBITE FACIAL SUTURE TYPES There are three main categories of facial suture types ( proparian, gonatoparian, and opisthoparian ), described below. If you want more detailed definitions of the terms related to facial sutures, they can be found in the on-line glossary of trilobite terms. The facial sutures determine the boundary between the central cranidium (glabellaand
TRILOBITE GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE *The chart above (and below) are based on the International Commission of Stratigraphy 2008 revision of the Geological Time Scale. See www.stratigraphy.org for the full set of current charts in UNESCO and US standard colors. The 2014 iteration makes some adjustments to the Era boundary dates: 541.0 for Precambrian-Cambrian, 485.4 for Cambrian-Ordovician, 443.4 for Ordovician-Silurian, 419.2 BURGESS SHALE TRILOBITES It is notable that the trilobite fauna of the Burgess Shale, being a late Middle Cambrian locality, is not dominated by Redlichiida as at Chengjiang, but by a mix of Ptychopariida, Corynexochida, and Agnostida. In addition to trilobites, there were other species of arachnomorph (trilobite-like clade) arthropods such as Helmetia,Tegopeltes, and
LATHAM SHALE TRILOBITES, CALIFORNIA The Marble Mountains is one of the best-known and most productive Cambrian trilobite localities in the state of California. This is a rather small mountain range in one of the harshest, driest parts of the Mojave Desert, in southeastern California near the towns of Chambless and Cadiz. Its trilobite-bearing rocks include exposures ofthe Latham
CHENGJIANG TRILOBITES The Chengjiang biota, first discovered by Hou Xianguang in 1984, is reknowned as a window on the diversity of the early Cambrian.As in the Burgess Shale lagerstatte, soft-bodied animals are preserved at Chengjiang, in fine mudstones, revealing a great diversity of early arthropods, as well as such curiosities as anomalocaridids andHallucigenia.
TRILOBITES OF THE WALCOTT-RUST QUARRY NEW YORK Brett, C.E., T.E. Whiteley, P.A. Allison, & E.L. Yochelson. 1999. The Walcott-Rust Quarry: Middle Ordovician trilobite konservat-lagerstatten. Journal of Paleontology 73 (2):288-305. [Note: since this publication, the divisions of the Ordovician have been refined and the Rust Formation is considered part of the lower UpperOrdovician, rather
AGNOSTIDA FACT SHEET Tsunyidiscus click on drawing for pictorial guide: ORDER AGNOSTIDA Last revised 07 December 2006 by S. M. Gon III. Introduction: Small trilobites (usually only a few mm long) with cephalon and pygidium strongly similar in outline and size (isopygous); enrollment typical. Cephalon: cephalic shield with deeply parabolic outline, maximum width usually anterior of genal angle, sutures proparian or A GUIDE TO THE ORDERS OF TRILOBITESGLOSSARYDORSAL MORPHOLOGYA GALLERY OF SOME OF THE TRILOBITE ORDER HARPETIDAPYGIDIUM Trilobites are the most diverse group of extinct animals preserved in the fossil record. Ten orders of trilobites are recognized, into which 20,000+ species are placed. Learn more about trilobite morphology , anatomy , ecology , behavior, reproduction , and development , and how they relate to trilobite origins , evolution , and classification . TRILOBITE FEEDING HABITS What did trilobites eat? Trilobites occupied a huge set of habitats and paleolatitudes, from tropical shallows and reefs, to polar depths, and wide-ranging pelagic habitats in between.Their diversity of form suggests a complex ecology with many modes of life, including occupation of a variety of trophic (feeding) guilds.There has been a long history of speculation about the feeding habits of TRILOBITE CLASSIFICATION CHART In the image above, trilobites (1) live among many species that are not normally preserved. A typical Cambrian outcrop might produce only trilobites, brachiopods (2), mollusks (3), and crinoids (4). That is a tiny fraction of the full Cambrian biota, better represented by the roster of the Burgess Shale Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstatten. TRILOBITE FACIAL SUTURE TYPES There are three main categories of facial suture types ( proparian, gonatoparian, and opisthoparian ), described below. If you want more detailed definitions of the terms related to facial sutures, they can be found in the on-line glossary of trilobite terms. The facial sutures determine the boundary between the central cranidium (glabellaand
TRILOBITE GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE *The chart above (and below) are based on the International Commission of Stratigraphy 2008 revision of the Geological Time Scale. See www.stratigraphy.org for the full set of current charts in UNESCO and US standard colors. The 2014 iteration makes some adjustments to the Era boundary dates: 541.0 for Precambrian-Cambrian, 485.4 for Cambrian-Ordovician, 443.4 for Ordovician-Silurian, 419.2 BURGESS SHALE TRILOBITES It is notable that the trilobite fauna of the Burgess Shale, being a late Middle Cambrian locality, is not dominated by Redlichiida as at Chengjiang, but by a mix of Ptychopariida, Corynexochida, and Agnostida. In addition to trilobites, there were other species of arachnomorph (trilobite-like clade) arthropods such as Helmetia,Tegopeltes, and
LATHAM SHALE TRILOBITES, CALIFORNIA The Marble Mountains is one of the best-known and most productive Cambrian trilobite localities in the state of California. This is a rather small mountain range in one of the harshest, driest parts of the Mojave Desert, in southeastern California near the towns of Chambless and Cadiz. Its trilobite-bearing rocks include exposures ofthe Latham
CHENGJIANG TRILOBITES The Chengjiang biota, first discovered by Hou Xianguang in 1984, is reknowned as a window on the diversity of the early Cambrian.As in the Burgess Shale lagerstatte, soft-bodied animals are preserved at Chengjiang, in fine mudstones, revealing a great diversity of early arthropods, as well as such curiosities as anomalocaridids andHallucigenia.
TRILOBITES OF THE WALCOTT-RUST QUARRY NEW YORK Brett, C.E., T.E. Whiteley, P.A. Allison, & E.L. Yochelson. 1999. The Walcott-Rust Quarry: Middle Ordovician trilobite konservat-lagerstatten. Journal of Paleontology 73 (2):288-305. [Note: since this publication, the divisions of the Ordovician have been refined and the Rust Formation is considered part of the lower UpperOrdovician, rather
AGNOSTIDA FACT SHEET Tsunyidiscus click on drawing for pictorial guide: ORDER AGNOSTIDA Last revised 07 December 2006 by S. M. Gon III. Introduction: Small trilobites (usually only a few mm long) with cephalon and pygidium strongly similar in outline and size (isopygous); enrollment typical. Cephalon: cephalic shield with deeply parabolic outline, maximum width usually anterior of genal angle, sutures proparian or TRILOBITE CLASSIFICATION CHART In the image above, trilobites (1) live among many species that are not normally preserved. A typical Cambrian outcrop might produce only trilobites, brachiopods (2), mollusks (3), and crinoids (4). That is a tiny fraction of the full Cambrian biota, better represented by the roster of the Burgess Shale Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstatten. INTRODUCTION TO TRILOBITES Whatever their size, all trilobite fossils have a similar body plan, being made up of three main body parts: a cephalon (head), a segmented thorax, and a pygidium (tail piece) as shown at left. However, the name "trilobite," which means "three lobed," is not in reference to those three body parts mentioned above, but to the fact that all trilobites bear a long central axial lobe, flanked onLARGEST TRILOBITES
Among the evolutionary trends of trilobites, gigantism yielded some spectacularly large species, expressed maximally in the orders Asaphida, Redlichiida, and Lichida.Below, depicted in scale alongside a familiar object, are some of the largest recorded specimens: Isotelus rex, the largest known species of trilobite, at nearly three quarters of a meter in length (720 mm), was found in Canada TRILOBITE FEEDING HABITS What did trilobites eat? Trilobites occupied a huge set of habitats and paleolatitudes, from tropical shallows and reefs, to polar depths, and wide-ranging pelagic habitats in between.Their diversity of form suggests a complex ecology with many modes of life, including occupation of a variety of trophic (feeding) guilds.There has been a long history of speculation about the feeding habits of TRILOBITE GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE *The chart above (and below) are based on the International Commission of Stratigraphy 2008 revision of the Geological Time Scale. See www.stratigraphy.org for the full set of current charts in UNESCO and US standard colors. The 2014 iteration makes some adjustments to the Era boundary dates: 541.0 for Precambrian-Cambrian, 485.4 for Cambrian-Ordovician, 443.4 for Ordovician-Silurian, 419.2 ORIGINS OF TRILOBITES The earliest trilobites appear in the lower Cambrian record. These oldest trilobites include members of Order Redlichiida, Suborder Olenellina, Superfamily Fallotaspidoidea and Order Ptychopariida, Suborder Ptychopariina, Superfamily Ellipsocephaloidea.Even these early representatives bear all of the defining characters of trilobites. . Probably the key distinguishing character, one that also MAJOR TRILOBITE FEATURES Major Trilobite Features. ©1999 by S.M. Gon III. The trilobite body is divided into three tagmata (major sections), a cephalon with eyes, mouthparts and antennae, a thorax of multiple articulated segments (that in some species allowed enrollment ), and a pygidium, or tail section of fused segments. The name " trilobite " (meaning "three-lobed
TRILOBITE IMPOSTERS
Alas, no living trilobite has ever truly been documented. However, some trilobite imposters can be quite convincing. On this page we will showcase several of them, and reveal their true (non-trilobite) nature. Among the candidates are segmented mollusks (chitons), aquatic insects (water pennies), and a range of marine crustaceans (typically TRILOBITE FACIAL SUTURE TYPES There are three main categories of facial suture types ( proparian, gonatoparian, and opisthoparian ), described below. If you want more detailed definitions of the terms related to facial sutures, they can be found in the on-line glossary of trilobite terms. The facial sutures determine the boundary between the central cranidium (glabellaand
PTYCHOPARIIDA FACT SHEET ORDER PTYCHOPARIIDA. last revised 11 NOV 2019 by S. M. Gon III. Introduction: A large, heterogenous order with primitive origins and problematic classification, with specialized offshoots that are hard to frame within a general diagnosis. Cephalon: typically with opisthoparian facial sutures, with gently forward-tapering simpleglabella bearing
-MAIN
-MENU
---------------------------
-------------------------JUST STARTING:
INTRODUCTION
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Geological Time
MAJOR FEATURES
SITE MAP
-------------------------MORPHOLOGY:
DORSAL MORPHOLOGY
VENTRAL MORPHOLOGY
INTERNAL ANATOMY
Major Features
FACIAL SUTURES
Hypostome
Cephalon
Thorax
PYGIDIUM
SPECIAL TERMS
Trilobite Eyes
PROSOPON
Abnormalities
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
-------------------------CLASSIFICATION:
ARTHROPODS
TRILOBITE ORIGINS
TRILOBITE ORDERS
KEY TO THE ORDERS
EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS
PICTORIAL GUIDES
TRILOBITE FAMILIES
TRILOBITE GENERA
ICZN BUSINESS
-------------------------PALEOBIOLOGY:
ECOLOGY
TRACE FOSSILS
FEEDING HABITS
Paleogeography
Biostratigraphy
Trilobite LocalitiesREPRODUCTION
ONTOGENY
MOLTING
ENROLLMENT
EXTINCTION
-------------------------MISCELLANEOUS:
TRILOBITE FAQ
TRILOBITE QUIZ
TRILOBITE LINKS
TRILOBITE PHOTOS
Trilobite . PreparationDrawing Trilobites
TRILOBITE . IMPOSTERSSELECTED REFERENCES
TRILOBITE BOOKS
TRILOBITE FOLIO
SITE ACCOLADES
------------------------- BEST TRILOBITE BOOKS! ------------------------- Help me maintain this website with a donation of any size:...
Thank you!
-------------------------Many thanks to:
Aaron Miller
for graciously hosting the www.trilobites.info domain sinceApril 2008
A GUIDE TO THE ORDERS OF TRILOBITES A WEBSITE DEVOTED TO UNDERSTANDING TRILOBITES created and maintained by Sam Gon III walking trilobite ©2000 This image anywhere on this site goes to the main menu THIS AWARD-WINNING WEBSITE NOW AVAILABLE IN BOOK FORM! -------------------------SEARCH THIS WEBSITE
-------------------------.
Postikaolishania jingxiensis Zhu 2005 Sandu Fm., U. Cambrian, Furongian Ser. Jingxi, Guole Cty., Guangxi Prov., China ------------------------- From 2019 forward, the Trilobite of the Month will be posted in the Trilobites Group on Facebook. Look for detailed
descriptions of these showcased trilobites at the start of each month. I end the monthly updates here with one of my favorites from the archives of nearly a decade of TOMs: _POSTIKAOLISHANIA JINGXIENSIS _from China, a ceratopygid member of Order Asaphida , from the Furongian Series (Late Cambrian) . I love its classic trilobite look, sharp pleural spines, graceful head shield, well-developed eyes, and the clearly differentiated central and paired lateral lobes that define "trilobite."
Images like this help explain why trilobites are one of the best-known and appreciated groups of prehistoric animals. Each month, a new example of trilobite diversity will be showcased here. With over 20,000
described species, we may never exhaust the possibilities! If you have a stunning image of a trilobite that you could share as a future "Trilobite of the Month," please let me know! ------------------------- TRILOBITES ARE THE MOST DIVERSE GROUP OF EXTINCT ANIMALS PRESERVED IN THE FOSSIL RECORD. TEN ORDERS OF TRILOBITES ARE RECOGNIZED, INTO WHICH 20,000+ SPECIES ARE PLACED. LEARN MORE ABOUT TRILOBITE MORPHOLOGY , ANATOMY , ECOLOGY , BEHAVIOR , REPRODUCTION , AND DEVELOPMENT , AND HOW THEY RELATE TO TRILOBITE ORIGINS , EVOLUTION , AND CLASSIFICATION . EXPLORE TRILOBITE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY , PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY , PERSISTENCE ACROSS GEOLOGICAL TIME , AND THEIR ULTIMATE EXTINCTION . VIEW GALLERIES OF TRILOBITE IMAGES FROM THE WEB, EXAMINE FACT SHEETS, PICTORIAL GUIDES , AND AN IDENTIFICATION KEY FOR EACH ORDER, REFER TO A FAMILY LISTING , A GENUS LISTING , OR CONSULT A TRILOBITE GLOSSARY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY , TOUR WORLD FAMOUS TRILOBITE LOCALITIES , EXPLORE LINKS TO OTHER WEB RESOURCES ON TRILOBITES, AND REVIEW BOOKS ON TRILOBITES, INCLUDING AN EXCLUSIVE HARDCOPY PICTORIAL ADAPTATIONOF THIS WEBSITE.
Maurotarion christyi via Marc Behrendt.FACT
SHEETS
CLICK ON THE IMAGES, MENU CHOICES, OR THE FAQ LISTINGS BELOW ON THIS PAGE TO START EXPLORING ASPECTS OF TRILOBITE BIOLOGY, AND THE SALIENT CHARACTERS THAT DEFINE THE ORDERS, CONSTITUENT SUBORDERS, ANDSUPERFAMILIES.
------------------------- This site has enjoyed feedback from a growing number of trilobite workers from all over the world who have generously offered their suggestions and corrections. I gratefully acknowledge their help and encouragement. THIS WEBSITE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT ©1999 - 2020 BY S. M. GON III -------------------------THE TRILOBITE FAQ
USE THE LINKS ON THE RIGHT TO ANSWER THE QS ON THE LEFT UNFAMILIAR WITH TRILOBITES ALTOGETHER? INTRODUCTION TO TRILOBITES WHAT ARE TRILOBITE BODY PARTS CALLED? TRILOBITE DORSAL MORPHOLOGY UNFAMILIAR WITH TRILOBITE UNDERSIDES? TRILOBITE VENTRAL MORPHOLOGY WHAT ABOUT THE INSIDE OF A TRILOBITE? TRILOBITE INTERNAL ANATOMY WHAT WAS SPECIAL ABOUT TRILOBITE EYES? TRILOBITE EYES & VISION WANT DEFINITIONS OF TRILOBITE TERMS? GLOSSARY OF TRILOBITE TERMS HOW ARE THE TRILOBITE ORDERS RELATED? TRILOBITE SYSTEMATIC RELATIONSHIPS WANT A LIST OF ALL TRILOBITE FAMILIES? PHYLOGENETIC LIST OF TRILOBITE FAMILIES WANT A LIST OF ALL TRILOBITE GENERA? LIST OF 5000 TRILOBITE GENERIC NAMES HOW LONG AGO DID TRILOBITES EXIST? GEOLOGICAL TIME RELEVANT TO TRILOBITES CAN TRILOBITES HELP DETERMINE GEOLOGICAL TIME? TRILOBITE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY WHAT ECOLOGICAL ROLES DID TRILOBITES PLAY? TRILOBITE ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTS HOW DO WE KNOW ABOUT TRILOBITE BEHAVIOR? TRILOBITE TRACE FOSSILS WHAT AND HOW DID TRILOBITES EAT? TRILOBITE FEEDING HABITS HOW DID TRILOBITES REPRODUCE AND GROW? TRILOBITE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT WHAT ROLES DID SUTURES PLAY IN MOLTING? TRILOBITE SUTURES & MOLTING WHAT ABOUT TRILOBITE BUMPS AND SPINES?TRILOBITE PROSOPON
HOW DID TRILOBITES DEFEND THEMSELVES? TRILOBITE ENROLLMENT & COAPTATION HOW DID TRILOBITES EVOLVE? TRILOBITE EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF TRILOBITES?TRILOBITES ORIGINS
WHAT WERE THE FIRST TRILOBITES? THE FIRST TRILOBITES WHAT WERE THE LAST TRILOBITES? TRILOBITE EXTINCTION DID TRILOBITES SHOW ANY SIGNS OF DISEASE? TRILOBITE ABNORMALITIES DIDN'T I SEE A LIVING TRILOBITE?TRILOBITE IMPOSTERS
WHERE IN THE WORLD ARE TRILOBITES FOUND NOW? WORLD TRILOBITE LOCALITIES HOW DID THE EARTH LOOK WHEN TRILOBITES LIVED? TRILOBITE PALEOGEOGRAPHY THINK YOU KNOW ABOUT TRILOBITES NOW? TAKE THE TRILOBITE IDENTIFICATION QUIZ! HOW BIG DID TRILOBITES GET? WORLD'S LARGEST TRILOBITES HOW DO YOU PREPARE A TRILOBITE FOSSIL? TRILOBITE PREPARATION IS THIS SITE AVAILABLE IN HARDCOPY FORM? YES! PREVIEW THE FOLIO PAGES HERE ARE THERE MANY BOOKS ON TRILOBITES? REVIEW RECOMMENDED TRILOBITE BOOKS! FOUND MISTAKES OR REFINEMENTS NEEDED? PLEASE TELL ME ABOUT THEM -------------------------SEARCH THIS WEBSITE
Search A Guide to the Orders of Trilobites THIS SITE OPTIMIZED FOR VIEWING AT 1024 X 768 RESOLUTION ------------------------- In these pages, you may recognize species that are common, well-known, or sitting in a familiar museum collection! This guide might help you arrange trilobite diversity systematically, aid in identification of specimens, and enhance your understanding of these fascinating elements of Paleozoic biodiversity. Happy browsing! -- _Sam Gon III_ TRILOBITE ORDER FACT SHEETS DETAILED, DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERS AND REPRESENTATIVE LINE DRAWINGS CLICK ON ANY OF THE IMAGES ABOVE TO BE SENT TO A PAGE FEATURING DETAILS ON TRILOBITES IN THAT ORDER...
> TRILOBITE ORDER GALLERIES > TRILOBITE IMAGES FROM VARIOUS LOCATIONS ON THE WEB, ARRANGED BY> ORDER
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> AGNOSTIDA > REDLICHIIDA > CORYNEXOCHIDA > ODONTOPLEURIDA > LICHIDA > PHACOPIDA > PROETIDA > TRINUCLEIDA > ASAPHIDA > Harpetida > PTYCHOPARIIDA>
> CLICK ON ANY OF THE IMAGES ABOVE TO BE SENT TO A GALLERY FEATURING > PHOTOS OF TRILOBITES IN THAT ORDER _Asaphus kowalewski_Order Asaphida
-------------------------SOURCES:
The information in these pages was developed via examination and synthesis of the data present in a variety of works, including the two "TRILOBITE TREATISES:" MOORE 1959 (_Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1, including Trilobitomorpha_) and WHITTINGTON ET AL 1997 (_Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1, Trilobita, Revised, Volume 1: Introduction_). Both may be reviewed here . Other important sources are cited in specific pages of this site, and are also listed in a brief bibliography . Sources of photos and line drawings (where not original) are clearly cited. Other trilobite web sites and individuals were inspirational sources and are cited where relevant. The three trilobite thumbnail images in the left column, for example, are c/o Andrew Milner. If you find your information or images on these pages without proper attribution, this is unintentional. Please contact me to rectify the situation. -------------------------_Elrathia kingi_
Order Ptychopariida
-------------------------CAVEATS:
Information about extinct animals is always subject to interpretation and differences of opinion. In particular, the HIGHER CLASSIFICATION of arthropods and trilobites is NEITHER SIMPLE NOR AGREED UPON by all trilobite workers. The summaries here are complicated by the fact that the 1997 revision of the Treatise only covers two orders in detail: AGNOSTIDA and REDLICHIIDA . The others are in preparation, so my attempts to synthesize data on the other orders is likely to be incomplete, although the arrangement of the families and some characteristic descriptions were provided by Fortey (in Whittington et al 1997), and adjusted via recent articles (_e.g._, papers dealing with higher classification of the Asaphida, Proetida, Harpetida, Agnostida, Trinucleida, and Lichida). Additional revisions continue to be suggested by various workers. Any errors in the information here should be attributed to the compiler, SAM GON III. Please inform him of any problems in accuracy or interpretation. -------------------------....
_Sthenarocalymene celebra_Order Phacopida
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
This site's pages (and the majority of its figures) were DESIGNED and CREATED by Dr. SAM GON III, a
BIOLOGIST (PhD, Animal Behavior; MA, Zoology (Ecology, Behavior and Evolution) who is greatly intrigued by the expression of ANCIENT BIODIVERSITY that trilobites represent. Sam's professional work is in the CONSERVATION of global biodiversity today. He serves as the Senior Scientist for The Nature Conservancy's Hawai‘i Field Office in Honolulu. Sam has long been interested in PALEOBIOLOGY, and in teaching himself about trilobites, using hyperlinks to cross-reference terminology and concepts, found himself developing a web resource of potential interest to a broader audience. The site was first unveiled in AUGUST 1999 and has attracted feedback from around the world, generating ongoing updates. For all the accolades this site has gathered, Sam is not a professional trilobitologist, but a devoted trilobitophile! In 2006 this culminated in his first paleontological publication, dealing with trilobite origins.
------------------------- Dr. Sam Gon III c/o The Nature Conservancy of Hawai‘i, 923
Nuuanu Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA ------------------------- ------------------------- -------------------------2007
Proud and honored recipient of the Listed as an earth sciences resource at:_PSIGATE_
_Physical Sciences
Information Gateway_GEOSCIENCE
INFORMATION SOCIETY
OF THE
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA.
LISTED IN THE
journal
Volume 292:1803
------------------------- RECOMMENDED AS A WEB RESOURCE ON TRILOBITES BY _AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM ONLINE_ SELECTED AS WEB PICK BY ON-LINE SCIENCE MAGAZINE LISTED AS A RESOURCE ON THE DIGITAL LIBRARY FOR EARTH SYSTEM EDUCATION ------------------------- LISTED AS A REFERENCE AT THEIN THE CATEGORY:
Natural History: Reference Tools: Invertebrate Zoology RECOMMENDED AS A WEB RESOURCE BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AWARDED BY SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ONE OF THE TOP 50 SCIENCE WEBSITES ------------------------- LISTED AS A WEB RESOURCE ON ARTHROPOD EVOLUTION AT THE: LISTED AS A WEB RESOURCE IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AT: ONE OF THE TEN COOL SITES IN NATURAL HISTORY AT THE:San Francisco
FEATURED AS A TRILOBITE WEB RESOURCE AT:A RESOURCE CITED IN
------------------------- AWARDED FOR SCIENCE EXCELLENCEin the category:
Biology and Evolution ------------------------- ON A RUSSIAN PALEONTOLOGY WEBSITE: (“There has never been such a splendid site for Trilobites!!! EVERYTHING is there!!!! Such a pity....it’s in English.”) ------------------------- TO REVIEW OTHER AWARDS AND ACCOLADES FOR A GUIDE TO THE ORDERS OF TRILOBITESPLEASE CLICK HERE
------------------------- FOR YOUR READING PLEASURE! THIS WEBSITE HAS BEEN ADAPTED INTO BOOK FORM CLICK ON THIS IMAGE TOVIEW SAMPLE PAGES
------------------------- COULD THE ABOVE CREATURE BE REAL? FIND OUT! PLEASE VISIT THE _ANOMALOCARIS _HOMEPAGE! (ANOTHER CREATION OF S. M. GON III) ------------------------- _Elrathia kingi_ are one of the most abundant trilobites in the world These ptychopariids are found in Cambrian deposits in Utah, USA -------------------------Details
Copyright © 2024 ArchiveBay.com. All rights reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | DMCA | 2021 | Feedback | Advertising | RSS 2.0