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six categories.
PHARYNGITIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The pharynx is often the first site of infection for many contagious diseases such as pharyngitis because pathogens such as viruses and bacteria often settle in the nasopharynx through inhalation or through droplets. Viral pharyngitis usually transmits from person to person through direct touch or through droplets transmission. GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Manifestations Diagnostic tools Achalasia Dyspnea; Dysphagia for solids and liquids is the most common feature, being seen in 91 % and 85% of patients respectively; Regurgitation of undigested food occurs in 76-91% of patients; Cough mainly when lying down in 30%; Esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings include a dilated esophagus with residual food fragments, normal mucosa and occasionally INTRAVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION DELAY OVERVIEW PNEUMONIA LABORATORY FINDINGS PEPTIC ULCER PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PULMONARY EMBOLISM PHYSICAL EXAMINATION MEASLES PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LABORATORY FINDINGS Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has irreversible airflow limitation specially during forced expiration. This is due to the destruction of lung tissue and increase in resistance to flow in the conducting airways. Thus, it doesn't show an improvement in FEV1 post bronchodilator administration (unlike asthma ). PNEUMONIA CHEST X RAY PHARYNGITIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The pharynx is often the first site of infection for many contagious diseases such as pharyngitis because pathogens such as viruses and bacteria often settle in the nasopharynx through inhalation or through droplets. Viral pharyngitis usually transmits from person to person through direct touch or through droplets transmission. PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE CLASSIFICATION Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D., Rim Halaby Overview. Peripheral arterial disease is commonly divided in the Fontaine stages, introduced by Dr. René Fontaine in 1954. There's another classification created by Rutherford consisting of three grades andsix categories.
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Manifestations Diagnostic tools Achalasia Dyspnea; Dysphagia for solids and liquids is the most common feature, being seen in 91 % and 85% of patients respectively; Regurgitation of undigested food occurs in 76-91% of patients; Cough mainly when lying down in 30%; Esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings include a dilated esophagus with residual food fragments, normal mucosa and occasionally INTRAVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION DELAY OVERVIEW PNEUMONIA LABORATORY FINDINGS PEPTIC ULCER PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PULMONARY EMBOLISM PHYSICAL EXAMINATION MEASLES PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PNEUMONIA CHEST X RAY MITRAL REGURGITATION CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.; Rim Halaby, M.D. Overview. Cardiac catheterization is useful to evaluate mitral regurgitation when the results of the non-invasive testing are insufficient. In addition, cardiac catheterization might be performed when there is lack of consistency between the clinical findings andthe results
PNEUMONIA LABORATORY FINDINGS Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.;Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc, Alejandro Lemor, M.D. Overview. Laboratory findings such as leukocytosis are helpful for the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia or to assess the status of the patient. Sputum samples need to be collected from every patient and gram staining and culture need to be performed to determine the exact CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LABORATORY FINDINGS Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has irreversible airflow limitation specially during forced expiration. This is due to the destruction of lung tissue and increase in resistance to flow in the conducting airways. Thus, it doesn't show an improvement in FEV1 post bronchodilator administration (unlike asthma ). PULMONARY EDEMA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farnaz Khalighinejad, MD Overview. Pulmonary edema is due to either failure of the heart to remove fluid from the lung circulation ("cardiogenic pulmonary edema"), or due to a direct injury to the lung parenchyma or increased permeability or leakiness of the capillaries ("noncardiogenic pulmonary edema"). SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Overview. The pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus involves the immune system. Other factors such as genetic factors, hormonal abnormalities, and environmental factors also play a role. The most important environmental factors involved in the pathogenesis of SLE include ultraviolet (UV) light and some infections. PNEUMONIA CHEST X RAY An important test for making a diagnosis of pneumonia is a chest x-ray. Chest x-rays can reveal areas of opacity (seen as white) which represent consolidation. Pneumonia is not always seen on x-rays, either because the disease is only in its initial stages, or because BOWEL OBSTRUCTION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Overview. Patients with bowel obstruction usually appear distressed with a distended abdomen with or without fever. Physical examination of patients with bowel obstruction is usually remarkable for tympanic or hyperresonant abdomen, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, and dry mucus membranes . SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION CLASSIFICATION Spontaneous coronary artery dissection can be classified based on angiographic appearance into type 1 (evident arterial wall stain with multiple radiolucent lumens ), type 2 (diffuse smooth stenosis of varying severity), and type 3 lesions ( focal or tubular stenosis mimicking atherosclerosis ). TACHYCARDIA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Ventricular tachycardia (VT or V-tach) is a potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia that originates in the ventricles. It is usually a regular, wide complex tachycardia with a rate between 120 and 250 beats per minute. Ventricular tachycardia has the potential of degrading RETROPERITONEAL ABSCESS Retroperitoneal abscess is an unusual type of abscess in surgical practice. It is often underdiagnosed due to the insidious onset of symptoms and its location in the retroperitoneal space making it hard to be assessed via the regular abdominal examination. It is most often due to Genitourinary infection ( Pyelonephritis) or gastrointestinal CORONARY ARTERY DOMINANCE Large Right Dominance. Shown below is an image depicting a large right dominant coronary artery. A right coronary artery is said to have a "large" dominance when 3 branches arise beyond the distal bifurcation of the right coronary artery (RCA) to supply the septum and the infero-posterior walls. PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE CLASSIFICATION Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D., Rim Halaby Overview. Peripheral arterial disease is commonly divided in the Fontaine stages, introduced by Dr. René Fontaine in 1954. There's another classification created by Rutherford consisting of three grades andsix categories.
PHARYNGITIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The pharynx is often the first site of infection for many contagious diseases such as pharyngitis because pathogens such as viruses and bacteria often settle in the nasopharynx through inhalation or through droplets. Viral pharyngitis usually transmits from person to person through direct touch or through droplets transmission. GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Manifestations Diagnostic tools Achalasia Dyspnea; Dysphagia for solids and liquids is the most common feature, being seen in 91 % and 85% of patients respectively; Regurgitation of undigested food occurs in 76-91% of patients; Cough mainly when lying down in 30%; Esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings include a dilated esophagus with residual food fragments, normal mucosa and occasionally INTRAVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION DELAY OVERVIEW PNEUMONIA LABORATORY FINDINGS PEPTIC ULCER PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PULMONARY EMBOLISM PHYSICAL EXAMINATION MEASLES PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LABORATORY FINDINGS Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has irreversible airflow limitation specially during forced expiration. This is due to the destruction of lung tissue and increase in resistance to flow in the conducting airways. Thus, it doesn't show an improvement in FEV1 post bronchodilator administration (unlike asthma ). PNEUMONIA CHEST X RAY PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE CLASSIFICATION Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D., Rim Halaby Overview. Peripheral arterial disease is commonly divided in the Fontaine stages, introduced by Dr. René Fontaine in 1954. There's another classification created by Rutherford consisting of three grades andsix categories.
PHARYNGITIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The pharynx is often the first site of infection for many contagious diseases such as pharyngitis because pathogens such as viruses and bacteria often settle in the nasopharynx through inhalation or through droplets. Viral pharyngitis usually transmits from person to person through direct touch or through droplets transmission. GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Manifestations Diagnostic tools Achalasia Dyspnea; Dysphagia for solids and liquids is the most common feature, being seen in 91 % and 85% of patients respectively; Regurgitation of undigested food occurs in 76-91% of patients; Cough mainly when lying down in 30%; Esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings include a dilated esophagus with residual food fragments, normal mucosa and occasionally INTRAVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION DELAY OVERVIEW PNEUMONIA LABORATORY FINDINGS PEPTIC ULCER PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PULMONARY EMBOLISM PHYSICAL EXAMINATION MEASLES PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LABORATORY FINDINGS Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has irreversible airflow limitation specially during forced expiration. This is due to the destruction of lung tissue and increase in resistance to flow in the conducting airways. Thus, it doesn't show an improvement in FEV1 post bronchodilator administration (unlike asthma ). PNEUMONIA CHEST X RAY PNEUMONIA LABORATORY FINDINGS Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.;Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc, Alejandro Lemor, M.D. Overview. Laboratory findings such as leukocytosis are helpful for the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia or to assess the status of the patient. Sputum samples need to be collected from every patient and gram staining and culture need to be performed to determine the exact CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LABORATORY FINDINGS Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has irreversible airflow limitation specially during forced expiration. This is due to the destruction of lung tissue and increase in resistance to flow in the conducting airways. Thus, it doesn't show an improvement in FEV1 post bronchodilator administration (unlike asthma ). PULMONARY EDEMA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farnaz Khalighinejad, MD Overview. Pulmonary edema is due to either failure of the heart to remove fluid from the lung circulation ("cardiogenic pulmonary edema"), or due to a direct injury to the lung parenchyma or increased permeability or leakiness of the capillaries ("noncardiogenic pulmonary edema"). SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Overview. The pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus involves the immune system. Other factors such as genetic factors, hormonal abnormalities, and environmental factors also play a role. The most important environmental factors involved in the pathogenesis of SLE include ultraviolet (UV) light and some infections. PNEUMONIA CHEST X RAY An important test for making a diagnosis of pneumonia is a chest x-ray. Chest x-rays can reveal areas of opacity (seen as white) which represent consolidation. Pneumonia is not always seen on x-rays, either because the disease is only in its initial stages, or because BOWEL OBSTRUCTION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Overview. Patients with bowel obstruction usually appear distressed with a distended abdomen with or without fever. Physical examination of patients with bowel obstruction is usually remarkable for tympanic or hyperresonant abdomen, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, and dry mucus membranes . SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION CLASSIFICATION Spontaneous coronary artery dissection can be classified based on angiographic appearance into type 1 (evident arterial wall stain with multiple radiolucent lumens ), type 2 (diffuse smooth stenosis of varying severity), and type 3 lesions ( focal or tubular stenosis mimicking atherosclerosis ). TACHYCARDIA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Ventricular tachycardia (VT or V-tach) is a potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia that originates in the ventricles. It is usually a regular, wide complex tachycardia with a rate between 120 and 250 beats per minute. Ventricular tachycardia has the potential of degrading RETROPERITONEAL ABSCESS Retroperitoneal abscess is an unusual type of abscess in surgical practice. It is often underdiagnosed due to the insidious onset of symptoms and its location in the retroperitoneal space making it hard to be assessed via the regular abdominal examination. It is most often due to Genitourinary infection ( Pyelonephritis) or gastrointestinal CORONARY ARTERY DOMINANCE Large Right Dominance. Shown below is an image depicting a large right dominant coronary artery. A right coronary artery is said to have a "large" dominance when 3 branches arise beyond the distal bifurcation of the right coronary artery (RCA) to supply the septum and the infero-posterior walls. PHARYNGITIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ↑Tsai HP, Kuo PH, Liu CC, Wang JR (2001). "Respiratory viral infections among pediatric inpatients and outpatients in Taiwan from1997 to 1999".
PULMONARY EMBOLISM PHYSICAL EXAMINATION PEPTIC ULCER PATHOPHYSIOLOGY RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S Overview. Respiratory acidosis is an result of imbalance between acid-base due to alveolar hypoventilation.The normal range is 35-45 mm Hg for PaCO 2.Increase in the production of carbon dioxide due to failure of ventilation results in sudden increase of the partial pressure of arterial MALARIA PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Manifestations Diagnostic tools Achalasia Dyspnea; Dysphagia for solids and liquids is the most common feature, being seen in 91 % and 85% of patients respectively; Regurgitation of undigested food occurs in 76-91% of patients; Cough mainly when lying down in 30%; Esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings include a dilated esophagus with residual food fragments, normal mucosa and occasionally BOWEL OBSTRUCTION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ↑Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, Pararas N, Tzertzemelis D, Giannopoulos P, Larentzakis A, Lagoudianakis E, Manouras A, BramisI (2007).
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. Overview. Chronic bronchitis can be diagnostically evaluated by physical examination through auscultation.Physical examination is quite specific and sensitive for severe disease. MYXEDEMA COMA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. Overview. The diagnosis of myxedema coma is made when the three key diagnostic features of myxedema coma are present, which include altered mental status, hypothermia or absence of fever and a precipitating event such as cold exposure, infection, drugs. AORTIC DISSECTION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ↑Gwinnutt, C., Driscoll, P. (Eds) (2003) (2nd Ed.) Trauma Resuscitation: The Team Approach. Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1859960097 PHARYNGITIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ↑Tsai HP, Kuo PH, Liu CC, Wang JR (2001). "Respiratory viral infections among pediatric inpatients and outpatients in Taiwan from1997 to 1999".
PULMONARY EMBOLISM PHYSICAL EXAMINATION PEPTIC ULCER PATHOPHYSIOLOGY RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S Overview. Respiratory acidosis is an result of imbalance between acid-base due to alveolar hypoventilation.The normal range is 35-45 mm Hg for PaCO 2.Increase in the production of carbon dioxide due to failure of ventilation results in sudden increase of the partial pressure of arterial MALARIA PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Manifestations Diagnostic tools Achalasia Dyspnea; Dysphagia for solids and liquids is the most common feature, being seen in 91 % and 85% of patients respectively; Regurgitation of undigested food occurs in 76-91% of patients; Cough mainly when lying down in 30%; Esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings include a dilated esophagus with residual food fragments, normal mucosa and occasionally BOWEL OBSTRUCTION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ↑Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, Pararas N, Tzertzemelis D, Giannopoulos P, Larentzakis A, Lagoudianakis E, Manouras A, BramisI (2007).
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. Overview. Chronic bronchitis can be diagnostically evaluated by physical examination through auscultation.Physical examination is quite specific and sensitive for severe disease. MYXEDEMA COMA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. Overview. The diagnosis of myxedema coma is made when the three key diagnostic features of myxedema coma are present, which include altered mental status, hypothermia or absence of fever and a precipitating event such as cold exposure, infection, drugs. AORTIC DISSECTION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ↑Gwinnutt, C., Driscoll, P. (Eds) (2003) (2nd Ed.) Trauma Resuscitation: The Team Approach. Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1859960097 PEPTIC ULCER PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Microscopic Pathology. A peptic ulcer is a mucosal defect produced by acid-pepsin aggression which penetrates the muscularis mucosae and muscularis propria; There is increased plasma cells, neutrophilic infiltrate, villous blunting; The surface epithelium usually shows mucous cell (pseudopyloric) metaplasia CONSTIPATION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. AORTIC DISSECTION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Class I "In all patients with suspected AAS, pre-test probability assessment is recommended, according to the patient’s condition, symptoms, and clinical features. ( Level of Evidence: B) THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. INTRINSIC PAROXYSMAL AV BLOCK Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies.CAC SCORE - WIKIDOC
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.,Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. Tarek Nafee, M.D. Overview. There are currently 8 prosthetic transcatheter valve types which are available. Two of these are FDA approved in the United States. The CHOICE trial is a small study which compared the most prominent two valves (CORE and SAPIEN) and no major significant BOWEL OBSTRUCTION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Overview. Patients with bowel obstruction usually appear distressed with a distended abdomen with or without fever. Physical examination of patients with bowel obstruction is usually remarkable for tympanic or hyperresonant abdomen, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, and dry mucus membranes . PERICARDIAL EFFUSION LABORATORY STUDIES Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. Overview. Laboratory investigations for pericardial effusion include the leukocyte count, C-reactive protein, and ESR for ruling out inflammatory causes. The cardiac troponin is elevated if there is an injury to the underlying myocardium, a condition termed as myopericarditis. INTUSSUSCEPTION X RAY An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of intussusception. Plain abdominal xray of patient is done in supine and upright position. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/ diagnostic of intussusception include absence of air in right lower quadrant and right upper quadrant, soft tissue density in right upper quadrant in 25-60% ofpatients, and
ACUTE DIARRHEA PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Common physical examination findings of acute diarrhea include hypotension and other signs of volume depletion (depressed consciousness, sunken anterior fontanelle, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, poor skin turgor and delayed capillary refill ), abdominal tenderness and distension, increased peristaltic activity (borborygmi ).
CORONARY ARTERY DOMINANCE Large Right Dominance. Shown below is an image depicting a large right dominant coronary artery. A right coronary artery is said to have a "large" dominance when 3 branches arise beyond the distal bifurcation of the right coronary artery (RCA) to supply the septum and the infero-posterior walls. BASAL CELL CARCINOMA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PEPTIC ULCER PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION CLASSIFICATIONSPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION GUI…SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION TRE…SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION CTSPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTIONSPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION ACCSPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION AHA Spontaneous coronary artery dissection can be classified based on angiographic appearance into type 1 (evident arterial wall stain with multiple radiolucent lumens ), type 2 (diffuse smooth stenosis of varying severity), and type 3 lesions ( focal or tubular stenosis mimicking atherosclerosis ).TAVR VALVE TYPES
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.,Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. Tarek Nafee, M.D. Overview. There are currently 8 prosthetic transcatheter valve types which are available. Two of these are FDA approved in the United States. The CHOICE trial is a small study which compared the most prominent two valves (CORE and SAPIEN) and no major significant BOWEL OBSTRUCTION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Overview. Patients with bowel obstruction usually appear distressed with a distended abdomen with or without fever. Physical examination of patients with bowel obstruction is usually remarkable for tympanic or hyperresonant abdomen, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, and dry mucus membranes . PERICARDIAL EFFUSION LABORATORY STUDIES Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. Overview. Laboratory investigations for pericardial effusion include the leukocyte count, C-reactive protein, and ESR for ruling out inflammatory causes. The cardiac troponin is elevated if there is an injury to the underlying myocardium, a condition termed as myopericarditis. INTUSSUSCEPTION X RAY An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of intussusception. Plain abdominal xray of patient is done in supine and upright position. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/ diagnostic of intussusception include absence of air in right lower quadrant and right upper quadrant, soft tissue density in right upper quadrant in 25-60% ofpatients, and
ACUTE DIARRHEA PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Common physical examination findings of acute diarrhea include hypotension and other signs of volume depletion (depressed consciousness, sunken anterior fontanelle, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, poor skin turgor and delayed capillary refill ), abdominal tenderness and distension, increased peristaltic activity (borborygmi ).
CORONARY ARTERY DOMINANCE Large Right Dominance. Shown below is an image depicting a large right dominant coronary artery. A right coronary artery is said to have a "large" dominance when 3 branches arise beyond the distal bifurcation of the right coronary artery (RCA) to supply the septum and the infero-posterior walls. BASAL CELL CARCINOMA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PEPTIC ULCER PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION CLASSIFICATIONSPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION GUI…SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION TRE…SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION CTSPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTIONSPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION ACCSPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION AHA Spontaneous coronary artery dissection can be classified based on angiographic appearance into type 1 (evident arterial wall stain with multiple radiolucent lumens ), type 2 (diffuse smooth stenosis of varying severity), and type 3 lesions ( focal or tubular stenosis mimicking atherosclerosis ). AORTIC STENOSIS STAGES Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D.; Usama Talib, BSc, MD Overview. Aortic stenosis can be classified into 7 stages based on the valve's anatomy and hemodynamics as well as the patients symptoms.. Stages. Shown below is a table summarizing the stages of aortic stenosis (AS) according to the 2014 AHA/ACC guidelines for the ANGIOMYOLIPOMA HISTORY AND SYMPTOMS ↑Bissler JJ, Henske EP. Renal Manifestations of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. In: Kwiatkowski DJ, Wiittlemore DJ, Thiele EA, editors. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex RHABDOMYOLYSIS LABORATORY FINDINGS Laboratory Findings. The approach to the evaluation of rhabdomyolysis is as follows: Consider looking for hypothyroidism and sickle cell trait. Organic acids in urine. No red blood cells on microscopy. This situation is either hemoglobin in the urine or myoglobin. The serum will be pink with hemoglobinuria. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Manpreet Kaur, MD Overview. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis usually appear fatigued. On skin examination, rheumatoid nodules, erythema nodosum, atrophy of the digital skin, palmar erythema, and diffuse thinning of the skin may be found.If there is involvement of the eyes, scleritis and scleromalacia may beseen.
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION CHEST X RAY Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. HERPES ZOSTER DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Initially presents with malaise, headache, and low-grade fever. After progression of the disease, it may present with more specific signs of tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis, cervical lymph node enlargement and tenderness, and moderate to high fever. In most cases of infectiousmononucleosis is a
CORONARY ARTERY DOMINANCE Co-Dominance. Shown below is an image depicting co-dominant coronary artery. A coronary artery is said to have a "co-dominance" or balanced dominance when only the right posterior descending artery (RD or RPDA) arises from the right coronary artery (RCA), while the circumflex inferior artery (CI) and the circumflex posterior artery (CP) arise from the circumflex artery (CX). BASAL CELL CARCINOMA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Genetics. The development of basal cell carcinoma is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as sonic hedgehog pathway mutations, and PTCH1 gene mutations. A number of aberrations involving the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway (SHH) are noted. This pathway is vital for the regulation of cell growth, and differentiation and loss of PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Pheochromocytoma is a tumor which arises from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia. The pathophysiology of pheochromocytoma does not depend on the histological subtype. Malignant and benign pheochromocytomas share NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCE Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies.MAIN PAGE
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