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GNU OCTAVE
GNU Octave 6.2.0 Released – Feb 20, 2021. Octave Version 6.2.0 has been released and is now available for download . An official Windows binary installer is also available. For macOS see the installation instructions in the wiki. DOWNLOAD - GNUSEE MORE ON GNU.ORG WGET - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU Wget is a free software package for retrieving files using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS, the most widely used Internet protocols. It is a non-interactive commandline tool, so it may easily be called from scripts, cron jobs, terminals without X-Windows support, etc. GNU Wget has many features to make retrieving large files or mirroring entire web or FTP sites easy, including: BINUTILS - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION The GNU Binutils are a collection of binary tools. The main ones are: ld - the GNU linker.; as - the GNU assembler.; But they also include: addr2line - Converts addresses into filenames and line numbers.; ar - A utility for creating, modifying and extracting from archives.; c++filt - Filter to demangle encoded C++ symbols.; dlltool - Creates files for building and using DLLs. GNU EMACS - GNU PROJECT The features of GNU Emacs include. Content-aware editing modes, including syntax coloring, for many file types. Complete built-in documentation, including a tutorial for new users. Full Unicode support for nearly all human scripts. Highly customizable, using Emacs Lisp code or a graphical interface. PSPP - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU PSPP is a program for statistical analysis of sampled data. It is a free as in freedom replacement for the proprietary program SPSS, and appears very similar to it with a few exceptions. The most important of these exceptions are, that there are no “time bombs”; your copy of PSPP will not “expire” or deliberately stop working in thefuture.
AUTOMAKE - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATIONSEE MORE ON GNU.ORG GETOPT LONG OPTION EXAMPLE (THE GNU C LIBRARY) #include #include #include /* Flag set by ‘--verbose’. */ static int verbose_flag; int main (int argc, char **argv) { int c; while EXIT STATEMENT (THE GNU AWK USER’S GUIDE) 7.4.10 The. exit. Statement. The exit statement causes awk to immediately stop executing the current rule and to stop processing input; any remaining input is ignored. The exit statement is written as follows: exit When an exit statement is executed from a BEGIN rule, the program stops processing everythingimmediately.
THE GNU OPERATING SYSTEM AND THE FREE SOFTWARE MOVEMENTFREE SOFTWAREGNU MIRRORSLINUX AND GNUGNU/LINUX FAQHOW TO PRONOUNCE GNUMCRON GNU is an operating system that is free software —that is, it respects users' freedom. The GNU operating system consists of GNU packages (programs specifically released by the GNU Project) as well as free software released by third parties. The development of GNU made it possible to use a computer without software that would trampleyour freedom.
GNU OCTAVE
GNU Octave 6.2.0 Released – Feb 20, 2021. Octave Version 6.2.0 has been released and is now available for download . An official Windows binary installer is also available. For macOS see the installation instructions in the wiki. DOWNLOAD - GNUSEE MORE ON GNU.ORG WGET - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU Wget is a free software package for retrieving files using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS, the most widely used Internet protocols. It is a non-interactive commandline tool, so it may easily be called from scripts, cron jobs, terminals without X-Windows support, etc. GNU Wget has many features to make retrieving large files or mirroring entire web or FTP sites easy, including: BINUTILS - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION The GNU Binutils are a collection of binary tools. The main ones are: ld - the GNU linker.; as - the GNU assembler.; But they also include: addr2line - Converts addresses into filenames and line numbers.; ar - A utility for creating, modifying and extracting from archives.; c++filt - Filter to demangle encoded C++ symbols.; dlltool - Creates files for building and using DLLs. GNU EMACS - GNU PROJECT The features of GNU Emacs include. Content-aware editing modes, including syntax coloring, for many file types. Complete built-in documentation, including a tutorial for new users. Full Unicode support for nearly all human scripts. Highly customizable, using Emacs Lisp code or a graphical interface. PSPP - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU PSPP is a program for statistical analysis of sampled data. It is a free as in freedom replacement for the proprietary program SPSS, and appears very similar to it with a few exceptions. The most important of these exceptions are, that there are no “time bombs”; your copy of PSPP will not “expire” or deliberately stop working in thefuture.
AUTOMAKE - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATIONSEE MORE ON GNU.ORG GETOPT LONG OPTION EXAMPLE (THE GNU C LIBRARY) #include #include #include /* Flag set by ‘--verbose’. */ static int verbose_flag; int main (int argc, char **argv) { int c; while EXIT STATEMENT (THE GNU AWK USER’S GUIDE) 7.4.10 The. exit. Statement. The exit statement causes awk to immediately stop executing the current rule and to stop processing input; any remaining input is ignored. The exit statement is written as follows: exit When an exit statement is executed from a BEGIN rule, the program stops processing everythingimmediately.
LIST OF FREE GNU/LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS This page lists the GNU/Linux distributions that are entirely free as in freedom. Non-GNU-based free system distributions are listed separately.. The Free Software Foundation recommends and endorses these GNU/Linux distros, although we do not try to judge or compare them based on any criterion other than freedom; therefore, we list them in alphabetical order. WGET - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU Wget is a free software package for retrieving files using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS, the most widely used Internet protocols. It is a non-interactive commandline tool, so it may easily be called from scripts, cron jobs, terminals without X-Windows support, etc. GNU Wget has many features to make retrieving large files or mirroring entire web or FTP sites easy, including: BINUTILS - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION The GNU Binutils are a collection of binary tools. The main ones are: ld - the GNU linker.; as - the GNU assembler.; But they also include: addr2line - Converts addresses into filenames and line numbers.; ar - A utility for creating, modifying and extracting from archives.; c++filt - Filter to demangle encoded C++ symbols.; dlltool - Creates files for building and using DLLs. PSPP - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION PSPP is GNU software. You can obtain it the same way as with any GNU software. PSPP should work on most modern computers and most operating systems. Systems which have been known to work include: GNU/Hurd , GNU/Linux , Darwin (Mac OS X), OpenBSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD, and Windows.GNU EMACS DOWNLOAD
GNU Emacs for Windows can be downloaded from a nearby GNU mirror; or the main GNU FTP server . Unzip the zip file preserving the directory structure, and run bin\runemacs.exe. Alternatively, create a desktop shortcut to bin\runemacs.exe, and start Emacs by double-clicking on that shortcut's icon. The Windows binaries are signed by Phillip Lord GNU TYPIST - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU Typist (also called gtypist) is a universal typing tutor. You can learn correct typing and improve your skills by practising its exercises on a regular basis. Its main features are: It is free software released under the GNU General Public License. In addition, it is an official program of the GNU project.GNU SMALLTALK
GNU Smalltalk . GNU Smalltalk is a free implementation of the Smalltalk-80 language which runs on most versions on Unix and, in general, everywhere you can find a POSIX-compliance library. AUTOMAKE - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION Automake. GNU Automake is a tool for automatically generating Makefile.in files compliant with the GNU Coding Standards. Automake requires the use of GNU Autoconf . New volunteers to help maintain Automake are needed. Please help if you can. INETUTILS - NETWORK UTILITIES - GNU PROJECT - FREE Inetutils is a collection of common network programs. It includes: An inetd meta-server. An ftp client and server. A telnet client and server. An rsh client and server. An rlogin client and server. A tftp client and server. A talk client and server.LCOV - GNU SHISHI
Current view: top level: Hit: Total: Coverage: Test: GNU Shishi: Lines: 3972: 12491: 31.8 %: Date: 2010-05-20: Functions: 395: 997: 39.6 %: Legend: Rating: low: < 75 THE GNU OPERATING SYSTEM AND THE FREE SOFTWARE MOVEMENTFREE SOFTWAREGNU MIRRORSLINUX AND GNUWINDOWSEDUCATIONENGLISH Fight to Repair: A video from the FSF. What is GNU? GNU is an operating system that is free software—that is, it respects users' freedom. The GNU operating system consists of GNU packages (programs specifically released by the GNU Project) as well as free software released by third parties. DOWNLOAD - GNUSEE MORE ON GNU.ORGGNU OCTAVE
GNU Octave 6.2.0 Released – Feb 20, 2021. Octave Version 6.2.0 has been released and is now available for download . An official Windows binary installer is also available. For macOS see the installation instructions in the wiki. GNU EMACS - GNU PROJECT The features of GNU Emacs include. Content-aware editing modes, including syntax coloring, for many file types. Complete built-in documentation, including a tutorial for new users. Full Unicode support for nearly all human scripts. Highly customizable, using Emacs Lisp code or a graphical interface.GNU BACKGAMMON
GNU Backgammon (GNUbg) plays and analyzes backgammon games and matches. It is able to play and analyze both money games and tournament matches, evaluate and roll out positions, and more. Driven by a command-line interface, it displays an ASCII rendering of a board on text-only terminals, but also allows the user to play games andmanipulate
PSPP - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU PSPP is a program for statistical analysis of sampled data. It is a free as in freedom replacement for the proprietary program SPSS, and appears very similar to it with a few exceptions. The most important of these exceptions are, that there are no “time bombs”; your copy of PSPP will not “expire” or deliberately stop working in thefuture.
FINDUTILS - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION (FSF) Findutils. The GNU Find Utilities are the basic directory searching utilities of the GNU operating system. These programs are typically used in conjunction with other programs to provide modular and powerful directory search and file locating capabilities to other commands. The tools supplied with this package are: The find programsearches a
LIBMICROHTTPD
ZEBRA - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATIONSEE MORE ON GNU.ORG DDRESCUE - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION (FSF)SEE MORE ONGNU.ORG
THE GNU OPERATING SYSTEM AND THE FREE SOFTWARE MOVEMENTFREE SOFTWAREGNU MIRRORSLINUX AND GNUWINDOWSEDUCATIONENGLISH Fight to Repair: A video from the FSF. What is GNU? GNU is an operating system that is free software—that is, it respects users' freedom. The GNU operating system consists of GNU packages (programs specifically released by the GNU Project) as well as free software released by third parties. DOWNLOAD - GNUSEE MORE ON GNU.ORGGNU OCTAVE
GNU Octave 6.2.0 Released – Feb 20, 2021. Octave Version 6.2.0 has been released and is now available for download . An official Windows binary installer is also available. For macOS see the installation instructions in the wiki. GNU EMACS - GNU PROJECT The features of GNU Emacs include. Content-aware editing modes, including syntax coloring, for many file types. Complete built-in documentation, including a tutorial for new users. Full Unicode support for nearly all human scripts. Highly customizable, using Emacs Lisp code or a graphical interface.GNU BACKGAMMON
GNU Backgammon (GNUbg) plays and analyzes backgammon games and matches. It is able to play and analyze both money games and tournament matches, evaluate and roll out positions, and more. Driven by a command-line interface, it displays an ASCII rendering of a board on text-only terminals, but also allows the user to play games andmanipulate
PSPP - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU PSPP is a program for statistical analysis of sampled data. It is a free as in freedom replacement for the proprietary program SPSS, and appears very similar to it with a few exceptions. The most important of these exceptions are, that there are no “time bombs”; your copy of PSPP will not “expire” or deliberately stop working in thefuture.
FINDUTILS - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION (FSF) Findutils. The GNU Find Utilities are the basic directory searching utilities of the GNU operating system. These programs are typically used in conjunction with other programs to provide modular and powerful directory search and file locating capabilities to other commands. The tools supplied with this package are: The find programsearches a
LIBMICROHTTPD
ZEBRA - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATIONSEE MORE ON GNU.ORG DDRESCUE - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION (FSF)SEE MORE ONGNU.ORG
WGET - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU Wget is a free software package for retrieving files using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS, the most widely used Internet protocols. It is a non-interactive commandline tool, so it may easily be called from scripts, cron jobs, terminals without X-Windows support, etc. GNU Wget has many features to make retrieving large files or mirroring entire web or FTP sites easy, including: GNU TYPIST - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU Typist (also called gtypist) is a universal typing tutor. You can learn correct typing and improve your skills by practising its exercises on a regular basis. Its main features are: It is free software released under the GNU General Public License. In addition, it is an official program of the GNU project. GFORTH - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION. Gforth . Gforth is the Forth implementation of the GNU project (Current release 0.7.3, have a look to the User Manual).Source distributions can be found on GNU's Gforth directory, source and binary distributions for popular platforms such as Windows, GNU/Linux, etc. can be found in Home of Gforth, as well as snapshots of the development version in the git repository on Savannah. CGICC - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION a C++ class library for writing CGI applications Introduction to GNU Cgicc. GNU Cgicc is an ANSI C++ compliant class library that greatly simplifies the creation of CGI applications for the World Wide Web. cgicc performs the following functions:. Parses both GET and POST form data transparently.; Provides string, integer, floating-point and single- and multiple-choice retrieval methods for GNU SED - GNU SED: A STREAM EDITOR - GNU PROJECT - FREE GNU sed - GNU Sed: a stream editor. Free Software Foundation. last updated January 14, 2020. This manual (sed) is available in the following formats: HTML (352K bytes) - entirely on one web page. HTML - with one web page per node. HTML compressed (72K gzipped characters) - entirely on one web page. HTML compressed (88K gzipped tar file) -with
INETUTILS - NETWORK UTILITIES - GNU PROJECT - FREE Inetutils is a collection of common network programs. It includes: An inetd meta-server. An ftp client and server. A telnet client and server. An rsh client and server. An rlogin client and server. A tftp client and server. A talk client and server. DEJAGNU - GNU TEST FRAMEWORK DejaGnu is a framework for testing other programs. Its purpose is to provide a single front end for all tests. Think of it as a custom library of Tcl procedures crafted to support writing a test harness. A test harness is the testing infrastructure that is created to support a specific program or tool. Each program can have multiple testsuites EXAMPLES OF DATE (GNU COREUTILS) 21.1.7 Examples of. date. To print the date of the day before yesterday: date --date='2 days ago'. To print the date of the day three months and one day hence: date --date='3 months 1 day'. To print the day of year of Christmas in the current year: date --date='25 Dec'+%j.
HYPER ESTRAIER @ WWW.GNU.ORG a full-text search system for communities. Powered by Hyper Estraier 1.4.13, with 31964 documents and 668198 words.Hyper Estraier 1.4.13, with 31964 documents and 668198 words. WRITE SITE-SPECIFIC EXTENSIONS TO REPLACE SITES Many websites damage users' freedom by sending nonfree JavaScript programs to the user's browser. We invite volunteers to develop free browser extensions to replace for the JavaScript sent by particular sites (see the lists below). THE GNU OPERATING SYSTEM AND THE FREE SOFTWARE MOVEMENTFREE SOFTWAREGNU MIRRORSLINUX AND GNUWINDOWSEDUCATIONENGLISH Fight to Repair: A video from the FSF. What is GNU? GNU is an operating system that is free software—that is, it respects users' freedom. The GNU operating system consists of GNU packages (programs specifically released by the GNU Project) as well as free software released by third parties. DOWNLOAD - GNUSEE MORE ON GNU.ORGGNU OCTAVE
GNU Octave 6.2.0 Released – Feb 20, 2021. Octave Version 6.2.0 has been released and is now available for download . An official Windows binary installer is also available. For macOS see the installation instructions in the wiki. GNU EMACS - GNU PROJECT The features of GNU Emacs include. Content-aware editing modes, including syntax coloring, for many file types. Complete built-in documentation, including a tutorial for new users. Full Unicode support for nearly all human scripts. Highly customizable, using Emacs Lisp code or a graphical interface.GNU BACKGAMMON
GNU Backgammon (GNUbg) plays and analyzes backgammon games and matches. It is able to play and analyze both money games and tournament matches, evaluate and roll out positions, and more. Driven by a command-line interface, it displays an ASCII rendering of a board on text-only terminals, but also allows the user to play games andmanipulate
PSPP - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU PSPP is a program for statistical analysis of sampled data. It is a free as in freedom replacement for the proprietary program SPSS, and appears very similar to it with a few exceptions. The most important of these exceptions are, that there are no “time bombs”; your copy of PSPP will not “expire” or deliberately stop working in thefuture.
FINDUTILS - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION (FSF) Findutils. The GNU Find Utilities are the basic directory searching utilities of the GNU operating system. These programs are typically used in conjunction with other programs to provide modular and powerful directory search and file locating capabilities to other commands. The tools supplied with this package are: The find programsearches a
LIBMICROHTTPD
ZEBRA - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATIONSEE MORE ON GNU.ORG DDRESCUE - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION (FSF)SEE MORE ONGNU.ORG
THE GNU OPERATING SYSTEM AND THE FREE SOFTWARE MOVEMENTFREE SOFTWAREGNU MIRRORSLINUX AND GNUWINDOWSEDUCATIONENGLISH Fight to Repair: A video from the FSF. What is GNU? GNU is an operating system that is free software—that is, it respects users' freedom. The GNU operating system consists of GNU packages (programs specifically released by the GNU Project) as well as free software released by third parties. DOWNLOAD - GNUSEE MORE ON GNU.ORGGNU OCTAVE
GNU Octave 6.2.0 Released – Feb 20, 2021. Octave Version 6.2.0 has been released and is now available for download . An official Windows binary installer is also available. For macOS see the installation instructions in the wiki. GNU EMACS - GNU PROJECT The features of GNU Emacs include. Content-aware editing modes, including syntax coloring, for many file types. Complete built-in documentation, including a tutorial for new users. Full Unicode support for nearly all human scripts. Highly customizable, using Emacs Lisp code or a graphical interface.GNU BACKGAMMON
GNU Backgammon (GNUbg) plays and analyzes backgammon games and matches. It is able to play and analyze both money games and tournament matches, evaluate and roll out positions, and more. Driven by a command-line interface, it displays an ASCII rendering of a board on text-only terminals, but also allows the user to play games andmanipulate
PSPP - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU PSPP is a program for statistical analysis of sampled data. It is a free as in freedom replacement for the proprietary program SPSS, and appears very similar to it with a few exceptions. The most important of these exceptions are, that there are no “time bombs”; your copy of PSPP will not “expire” or deliberately stop working in thefuture.
FINDUTILS - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION (FSF) Findutils. The GNU Find Utilities are the basic directory searching utilities of the GNU operating system. These programs are typically used in conjunction with other programs to provide modular and powerful directory search and file locating capabilities to other commands. The tools supplied with this package are: The find programsearches a
LIBMICROHTTPD
ZEBRA - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATIONSEE MORE ON GNU.ORG DDRESCUE - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION (FSF)SEE MORE ONGNU.ORG
WGET - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU Wget is a free software package for retrieving files using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS, the most widely used Internet protocols. It is a non-interactive commandline tool, so it may easily be called from scripts, cron jobs, terminals without X-Windows support, etc. GNU Wget has many features to make retrieving large files or mirroring entire web or FTP sites easy, including: GNU TYPIST - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU Typist (also called gtypist) is a universal typing tutor. You can learn correct typing and improve your skills by practising its exercises on a regular basis. Its main features are: It is free software released under the GNU General Public License. In addition, it is an official program of the GNU project. GFORTH - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION. Gforth . Gforth is the Forth implementation of the GNU project (Current release 0.7.3, have a look to the User Manual).Source distributions can be found on GNU's Gforth directory, source and binary distributions for popular platforms such as Windows, GNU/Linux, etc. can be found in Home of Gforth, as well as snapshots of the development version in the git repository on Savannah.DOTGNU PROJECT
Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are permitted in any medium or format, provided this notice is preserved. This page is maintained by Norbert Bollow with support from the DotGNU Developers mailing list.Norbert Bollow with support from the DotGNU GNU SED - GNU SED: A STREAM EDITOR - GNU PROJECT - FREE GNU sed - GNU Sed: a stream editor. Free Software Foundation. last updated January 14, 2020. This manual (sed) is available in the following formats: HTML (352K bytes) - entirely on one web page. HTML - with one web page per node. HTML compressed (72K gzipped characters) - entirely on one web page. HTML compressed (88K gzipped tar file) -with
INETUTILS - NETWORK UTILITIES - GNU PROJECT - FREE Inetutils is a collection of common network programs. It includes: An inetd meta-server. An ftp client and server. A telnet client and server. An rsh client and server. An rlogin client and server. A tftp client and server. A talk client and server. DEJAGNU - GNU TEST FRAMEWORK DejaGnu is a framework for testing other programs. Its purpose is to provide a single front end for all tests. Think of it as a custom library of Tcl procedures crafted to support writing a test harness. A test harness is the testing infrastructure that is created to support a specific program or tool. Each program can have multiple testsuites HYPER ESTRAIER @ WWW.GNU.ORG a full-text search system for communities. Powered by Hyper Estraier 1.4.13, with 31964 documents and 668198 words.Hyper Estraier 1.4.13, with 31964 documents and 668198 words. GNU TAR 1.34: APPENDIX H INDEX OF COMMAND LINE OPTIONS: V This document was generated on March 24, 2021 using texi2html 5.0.March 24, 2021 using texi2html 5.0. GNU GRUB MANUAL 2.06: SECURE BOOT ADVANCED TARGETING 18.4 Embedded information for generation number based revocation. The Secure Boot Advanced Targeting (SBAT) is a mechanism to allow the revocation of components in the boot path by using generation numbers embedded into the EFI binaries. THE GNU OPERATING SYSTEM AND THE FREE SOFTWARE MOVEMENTFREE SOFTWAREGNU MIRRORSLINUX AND GNUWINDOWSEDUCATIONENGLISH Fight to Repair: A video from the FSF. What is GNU? GNU is an operating system that is free software—that is, it respects users' freedom. The GNU operating system consists of GNU packages (programs specifically released by the GNU Project) as well as free software released by third parties. DOWNLOAD - GNUSEE MORE ON GNU.ORGGNU OCTAVE
GNU Octave 6.2.0 Released – Feb 20, 2021. Octave Version 6.2.0 has been released and is now available for download . An official Windows binary installer is also available. For macOS see the installation instructions in the wiki. GNU EMACS - GNU PROJECT The features of GNU Emacs include. Content-aware editing modes, including syntax coloring, for many file types. Complete built-in documentation, including a tutorial for new users. Full Unicode support for nearly all human scripts. Highly customizable, using Emacs Lisp code or a graphical interface.GNU BACKGAMMON
GNU Backgammon (GNUbg) plays and analyzes backgammon games and matches. It is able to play and analyze both money games and tournament matches, evaluate and roll out positions, and more. Driven by a command-line interface, it displays an ASCII rendering of a board on text-only terminals, but also allows the user to play games andmanipulate
PSPP - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU PSPP is a program for statistical analysis of sampled data. It is a free as in freedom replacement for the proprietary program SPSS, and appears very similar to it with a few exceptions. The most important of these exceptions are, that there are no “time bombs”; your copy of PSPP will not “expire” or deliberately stop working in thefuture.
FINDUTILS - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION (FSF) Findutils. The GNU Find Utilities are the basic directory searching utilities of the GNU operating system. These programs are typically used in conjunction with other programs to provide modular and powerful directory search and file locating capabilities to other commands. The tools supplied with this package are: The find programsearches a
LIBMICROHTTPD
ZEBRA - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATIONSEE MORE ON GNU.ORG DDRESCUE - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION (FSF)SEE MORE ONGNU.ORG
THE GNU OPERATING SYSTEM AND THE FREE SOFTWARE MOVEMENTFREE SOFTWAREGNU MIRRORSLINUX AND GNUWINDOWSEDUCATIONENGLISH Fight to Repair: A video from the FSF. What is GNU? GNU is an operating system that is free software—that is, it respects users' freedom. The GNU operating system consists of GNU packages (programs specifically released by the GNU Project) as well as free software released by third parties. DOWNLOAD - GNUSEE MORE ON GNU.ORGGNU OCTAVE
GNU Octave 6.2.0 Released – Feb 20, 2021. Octave Version 6.2.0 has been released and is now available for download . An official Windows binary installer is also available. For macOS see the installation instructions in the wiki. GNU EMACS - GNU PROJECT The features of GNU Emacs include. Content-aware editing modes, including syntax coloring, for many file types. Complete built-in documentation, including a tutorial for new users. Full Unicode support for nearly all human scripts. Highly customizable, using Emacs Lisp code or a graphical interface.GNU BACKGAMMON
GNU Backgammon (GNUbg) plays and analyzes backgammon games and matches. It is able to play and analyze both money games and tournament matches, evaluate and roll out positions, and more. Driven by a command-line interface, it displays an ASCII rendering of a board on text-only terminals, but also allows the user to play games andmanipulate
PSPP - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU PSPP is a program for statistical analysis of sampled data. It is a free as in freedom replacement for the proprietary program SPSS, and appears very similar to it with a few exceptions. The most important of these exceptions are, that there are no “time bombs”; your copy of PSPP will not “expire” or deliberately stop working in thefuture.
FINDUTILS - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION (FSF) Findutils. The GNU Find Utilities are the basic directory searching utilities of the GNU operating system. These programs are typically used in conjunction with other programs to provide modular and powerful directory search and file locating capabilities to other commands. The tools supplied with this package are: The find programsearches a
LIBMICROHTTPD
ZEBRA - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATIONSEE MORE ON GNU.ORG DDRESCUE - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION (FSF)SEE MORE ONGNU.ORG
WGET - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU Wget is a free software package for retrieving files using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS, the most widely used Internet protocols. It is a non-interactive commandline tool, so it may easily be called from scripts, cron jobs, terminals without X-Windows support, etc. GNU Wget has many features to make retrieving large files or mirroring entire web or FTP sites easy, including: GNU TYPIST - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION GNU Typist (also called gtypist) is a universal typing tutor. You can learn correct typing and improve your skills by practising its exercises on a regular basis. Its main features are: It is free software released under the GNU General Public License. In addition, it is an official program of the GNU project. GFORTH - GNU PROJECT - FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION. Gforth . Gforth is the Forth implementation of the GNU project (Current release 0.7.3, have a look to the User Manual).Source distributions can be found on GNU's Gforth directory, source and binary distributions for popular platforms such as Windows, GNU/Linux, etc. can be found in Home of Gforth, as well as snapshots of the development version in the git repository on Savannah.DOTGNU PROJECT
Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are permitted in any medium or format, provided this notice is preserved. This page is maintained by Norbert Bollow with support from the DotGNU Developers mailing list.Norbert Bollow with support from the DotGNU GNU SED - GNU SED: A STREAM EDITOR - GNU PROJECT - FREE GNU sed - GNU Sed: a stream editor. Free Software Foundation. last updated January 14, 2020. This manual (sed) is available in the following formats: HTML (352K bytes) - entirely on one web page. HTML - with one web page per node. HTML compressed (72K gzipped characters) - entirely on one web page. HTML compressed (88K gzipped tar file) -with
INETUTILS - NETWORK UTILITIES - GNU PROJECT - FREE Inetutils is a collection of common network programs. It includes: An inetd meta-server. An ftp client and server. A telnet client and server. An rsh client and server. An rlogin client and server. A tftp client and server. A talk client and server. DEJAGNU - GNU TEST FRAMEWORK DejaGnu is a framework for testing other programs. Its purpose is to provide a single front end for all tests. Think of it as a custom library of Tcl procedures crafted to support writing a test harness. A test harness is the testing infrastructure that is created to support a specific program or tool. Each program can have multiple testsuites HYPER ESTRAIER @ WWW.GNU.ORG a full-text search system for communities. Powered by Hyper Estraier 1.4.13, with 31964 documents and 668198 words.Hyper Estraier 1.4.13, with 31964 documents and 668198 words. GNU TAR 1.34: APPENDIX H INDEX OF COMMAND LINE OPTIONS: V This document was generated on March 24, 2021 using texi2html 5.0.March 24, 2021 using texi2html 5.0. GNU GRUB MANUAL 2.06: SECURE BOOT ADVANCED TARGETING 18.4 Embedded information for generation number based revocation. The Secure Boot Advanced Targeting (SBAT) is a mechanism to allow the revocation of components in the boot path by using generation numbers embedded into the EFI binaries.GNU OCTAVE
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ANDROID AND USERS' FREEDOMby Richard Stallman
First published in _ The Guardian_
------------------------- To what extent does Android respect the freedom of its users? For a computer user that values freedom, that is the most important question to ask about any software system. In the free/libre software movement , we develop software that respects users' freedom, so we and you can escape from software that doesn't. By contrast, the idea of “open source” focuses on how to develop code; it is a different current of thought whose principal value is code quality rather than freedom. Thus, the concern
here is not whether Android is “open ”, but whether it allows usersto be free.
Android is an operating system primarily for mobile phones and other devices, which consists of Linux (Torvalds' kernel), some libraries, a Java platform and some applications. Linux aside, the software of Android versions 1 and 2 was mostly developed by Google; Google released it under the Apache 2.0 license, which is a lax free software license without copyleft . The version of Linux included in Android is not entirely free software, since it contains nonfree “binary blobs” (just like Torvalds' version of Linux), some of which are really used in some Android devices. Android platforms use other nonfree firmware, too, and nonfree libraries. Aside from those, the source code of Android versions 1 and 2, as released by Google, is free software—but this code is insufficient to run the device. Some of the applications that generally come with Android are nonfree, too. _Support the Free Your Androidcampaign._
Android is very different from the GNU/Linux operating system because it contains very little of GNU. Indeed, just about the only component in common between Android and GNU/Linux is Linux, the kernel. People who erroneously think “Linux” refers to the entire GNU/Linux combination get tied in knots by these facts, and make paradoxical statements such as “Android contains Linux, but it isn't Linux.”(1) Absent this confusion, the situation is simple: Android contains Linux, but not GNU; thus, Android and GNU/Linux are mostly different, because all they have in common is Linux. Within Android, Linux the kernel remains a separate program, with its source code under GNU GPL version 2 . To combine Linux with code under the Apache 2.0 license would be copyright infringement, since GPL version 2 and Apache 2.0 are incompatible . Rumors that Google has somehow converted Linux to the Apache license are erroneous; Google has no power to change the license on the code of Linux, and did not try. If the authors of Linux allowed its use under GPL version 3 , then that code could be combined with Apache-licensed code, and the combination could be released under GPL version 3. But Linux has not been released that way. Google has complied with the requirements of the GNU General Public License for Linux, but the Apache license on the rest of Android does not require source release. Google said it would never publish the source code of Android 3.0 (aside from Linux). Android 3.1 source code was also withheld, making Android 3, apart from Linux, nonfree software pure and simple. Google said it withheld the 3.0 source code because it was buggy, and that people should wait for the next release. That may be good advice for people who simply want to run the Android system, but the users should be the ones to decide this. Anyway, developers and tinkerers who want to include some of the changes in their own versions could use that code just fine. Fortunately, Google later released the source code for Android 3.* when it released version 4 (also with source code). The problem above turned out to be a temporary aberration rather than a policy shift. However, what happens once may happen again. In any case, most of the source code of various versions of Android has been released as free software. Does that mean that products using those Android versions respect users' freedom? No, for severalreasons.
First of all, most of them contain nonfree Google applications for talking to services such as YouTube and Google Maps. These are officially not part of Android, but that doesn't make the product ok. Many of the free applications available for earlier versions of Android have been replaced by nonfree applications;
in 2013 Android devices appeared which provided no way to view photos except through a nonfree Google+ app.
In 2014 Google announced that Android versions for TVs, watches and cars would be largely nonfree. Most Android devices come with the nonfree Google Play software (formerly “Android Market”). This software invites users with a Google account to install nonfree apps. It also has a back door with which Google can forcibly install or deinstall apps. (This probably makes it a universal back door, though that is not proved.) Google Play is officially not part of Android, but that doesn't make it anyless bad.
Google has moved many basic general facilities into the nonfree Google Play Services library.
If an app's own code is free software but it depends on Google Play Services, that app as a whole is effectively nonfree; it can't run on a free version of Android, such as Replicant. If you value freedom, you don't want the nonfree apps that Google Play offers. To install free Android apps, you don't need Google Play, because you can get them from f-droid.org . Android products also come with nonfree libraries. These are officially not part of Android, but since various Android functionalities depend on them, they are part of any real Androidinstallation.
Even the programs that are officially part of Android may not correspond to the source code Google releases. Manufacturers may change this code, and often they don't release the source code for their versions. The GNU GPL requires them to distribute the code for their versions of Linux, assuming they comply. The rest of the code, under the lax Apache license, does not require them to release the source version that they really use. One user discovered that many of the programs in the Android system that came with his phone were modified to send personal data toMotorola.
Some manufacturers add a hidden general surveillance package such asCarrier IQ.
Replicant is the free version of Android. The Replicant developers have replaced many nonfree libraries, for certain device models. The nonfree apps are excluded, but you certainly don't want to use those. By contrast, CyanogenMod (another modified version of Android) is nonfree, as it contains some nonfree programs. Many Android devices are “tyrants”: they are designed so users cannot install and run their own modified software, only the versions approved by some company. In that situation, the executables are not free even if they were made from sources that are free and available to you. However, some Android devices can be “rooted” so users can install different software. Important firmware or drivers are generally proprietary also. These handle the phone network radio, WiFi, bluetooth, GPS, 3D graphics, the camera, the speaker, and in some cases the microphone too. On some models, a few of these drivers are free, and there are some that you can do without—but you can't do without the microphone or the phonenetwork radio.
The phone network firmware comes preinstalled. If all it did was sit there and talk to the phone network when you wish, we could regard it as equivalent to a circuit. When we insist that the software in a computing device must be free, we can overlook preinstalled firmware that will never be upgraded, because it makes no difference to the user that it's a program rather than a circuit. Unfortunately, in this case it would be a malicious circuit. Malicious features are unacceptable no matter how they are implemented. On most Android devices, this firmware has so much control that it could turn the product into a listening device. On some, it controls the microphone. On some, it can take full control of the main computer, through shared memory, and can thus override or replace whatever free software you have installed. With some, perhaps all, models it is possible to exercise remote control of this firmware to overwrite the rest of the software in the device. The point of free software is that we have control of our software and our computing; a system with a back door doesn't qualify. While any computing system might _have_ bugs, these devices can _be_ bugs. (Craig Murray, inMurder in Samarkand
, relates his
involvement in an intelligence operation that remotely converted an unsuspecting target's non-Android portable phone into a listeningdevice.)
In any case, the phone network firmware in an Android phone is not equivalent to a circuit, because the hardware allows installation of new versions and this is actually done. Since it is proprietary firmware, in practice only the manufacturer can make new versions—users can't. Putting these points together, we can tolerate nonfree phone network firmware provided new versions of it won't be loaded, it can't take control of the main computer, and it can only communicate when and as the free operating system chooses to let it communicate. In other words, it has to be equivalent to circuitry, and that circuitry must not be malicious. There is no technical obstacle to building an Android phone which has these characteristics, but we don't know ofany.
Android is not a self-hosting system; development for Android needs to be done on some other system. The tools in Google's “software development kit” (SDK) appear to be free, but it is hard work to check this. The definition files for certain Google APIs are nonfree. Installing the SDK requires signing a proprietary software license, which you should refuse to sign. Replicant's SDKis
a free replacement.
Recent press coverage of Android focuses on the patent wars. During 20 years of campaigning for the abolition of software patents, we have warned such wars could happen. Software patents could force elimination of features from Android, or even make it unavailable. See endsoftpatents.org for more information about why software patents must be abolished. However, the patent attacks and Google's responses are not directly relevant to the topic of this article: how Android products partly approach an ethically system of distribution, and how they fall short. This issue merits the attention of the press too. Android is a major step towards an ethical, user-controlled, free software portable phone, but there is a long way to go, and Google is taking it in the wrong direction. Hackers are working on Replicant , but it's a big job to support a new device model, and there remains the problem of the firmware. Even though the Android phones of today are considerably less bad than Apple or Windows phones, they cannot be said to respect your freedom. ------------------------- * The extreme example of this confusion appears in the site linuxonandroid.com, which offers help to “install Linux on your Android devices.” This is entirely false: what they are installing is a version of the GNU system, _excluding_ Linux, which is already present as part of Android. Since that site supports only nonfree GNU/Linux distros , we do not recommendit.
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