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JENNYANDREW
March 24, 2012. Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook. HOW SHOULD WE RESEARCH ISSUES TO DO WITH CHILDREN This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. This led me to read more about it and try to answer the question how should we IS THERE A LINK BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook. Ahmed (2011) states that in January 2011 there was over 600 million users on facebook, with this THE REDUCTIONISM VS HOLISM DEBATE IN PSYCHOLOGICAL The Reductionism and Holism debate in psychology affects the way research is carried out. Is it more beneficial to look at the whole person or reduce behaviour to small component parts? The different approaches in psychology take different stands in this debate. Behaviourism reduces behaviour to stimulus-response links whereas the humanist approach argues that people SHOULD THE INTERNET BE USED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH The internet has become increasingly more popular with the office of national statistics reporting that over 77% of adults over the age of 16 are using it and ongoing workshops developed by Age UK to try and get older adults using the internet more often. This creates a huge participant population for psychologists but should HOW HELPFUL IS FREUD’S RESEARCH IN MODERN DAY PSYCHOLOGY The psychodynamic approach was suggested by Sigmund Freud who believed that unconscious mental processes controlled our behaviour, meaning the theory cannot be verified or tested, leaving the question is Freud's research helpful to psychology today? For psychology to be considered a science, Popper believes that theories have to be falisified, this would suggest that if NOVEMBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW Ethicists Daniel Sokol and James Wilson in an interview with the BBC told how Big Brother, if repeated in a psychological experiment would be prohibited, however if these shows conformed to ethical guidelines then psychologists could use the observations to further psychological knowledge. They go on to say that a special ethics board could be FEBRUARY | 2012 | JENNYANDREW 2 posts published by Jenny Andrew during February 2012. How should we research issues to do with children? This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. ARE OTHER METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY AS SCIENTIFIC AS The American Psychological Association (2010) states that the scientific method involves observational methods that can be tested and checked by others. Experiments in laboratories or in natural settings are seen as the scientific method as they can be tested. Are other methods such as observations or case studies as scientific asexperiments?
SHOULD ETHICS BE IGNORED FOR THE SAKE OF LIGHT This was really interesting, and really original concept 😀 . Watching ‘The Experiments’ myself I really enjoyed the series but I was also quite shocked at how unethical some of these situations, especially the two episodes you mentioned, especially as the participants were geniunely sucked into the experiment and believed it to be real, shows the power of psychology really.JENNYANDREW
March 24, 2012. Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook. HOW SHOULD WE RESEARCH ISSUES TO DO WITH CHILDREN This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. This led me to read more about it and try to answer the question how should we IS THERE A LINK BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook. Ahmed (2011) states that in January 2011 there was over 600 million users on facebook, with this THE REDUCTIONISM VS HOLISM DEBATE IN PSYCHOLOGICAL The Reductionism and Holism debate in psychology affects the way research is carried out. Is it more beneficial to look at the whole person or reduce behaviour to small component parts? The different approaches in psychology take different stands in this debate. Behaviourism reduces behaviour to stimulus-response links whereas the humanist approach argues that people SHOULD THE INTERNET BE USED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH The internet has become increasingly more popular with the office of national statistics reporting that over 77% of adults over the age of 16 are using it and ongoing workshops developed by Age UK to try and get older adults using the internet more often. This creates a huge participant population for psychologists but should HOW HELPFUL IS FREUD’S RESEARCH IN MODERN DAY PSYCHOLOGY The psychodynamic approach was suggested by Sigmund Freud who believed that unconscious mental processes controlled our behaviour, meaning the theory cannot be verified or tested, leaving the question is Freud's research helpful to psychology today? For psychology to be considered a science, Popper believes that theories have to be falisified, this would suggest that if NOVEMBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW Ethicists Daniel Sokol and James Wilson in an interview with the BBC told how Big Brother, if repeated in a psychological experiment would be prohibited, however if these shows conformed to ethical guidelines then psychologists could use the observations to further psychological knowledge. They go on to say that a special ethics board could be FEBRUARY | 2012 | JENNYANDREW 2 posts published by Jenny Andrew during February 2012. How should we research issues to do with children? This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. ARE OTHER METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY AS SCIENTIFIC AS The American Psychological Association (2010) states that the scientific method involves observational methods that can be tested and checked by others. Experiments in laboratories or in natural settings are seen as the scientific method as they can be tested. Are other methods such as observations or case studies as scientific asexperiments?
SHOULD ETHICS BE IGNORED FOR THE SAKE OF LIGHT This was really interesting, and really original concept 😀 . Watching ‘The Experiments’ myself I really enjoyed the series but I was also quite shocked at how unethical some of these situations, especially the two episodes you mentioned, especially as the participants were geniunely sucked into the experiment and believed it to be real, shows the power of psychology really.JENNYANDREW
The American Psychological Association sets out ethical guidelines for researchers to follow, these include trying to avoid harm to their partcipants, respecting the right and dignity of them and being honestand truthful.
IS THERE A LINK BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook. Ahmed (2011) states that in January 2011 there was over 600 million users on facebook, with thisHELLO WORLD!
Welcome to WordPress.com. After you read this, you should delete and write your own post, with a new title above. Or hit Add New on the left (of the admin dashboard) to start a fresh post. Here are some suggestions for your first post. You can find new ideas for what toblog about by
SEPTEMBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW 2 posts published by Jenny Andrew during September 2011. Should some ethics be broken for the sake of psychological research? The American Psychological Association sets out ethical guidelines for researchers to follow, these include trying to avoid harm to their partcipants, respecting the right and dignity of them and being honest andtruthful.
OCTOBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW 3 posts published by Jenny Andrew during October 2011. How helpful is Freud’s research in modern day psychology? The psychodynamic approach was suggested by Sigmund Freud who believed that unconscious mental processes controlled our behaviour, meaning the theory cannot be verified or tested, leaving the question is Freud’s research helpful to psychology today? WHY DO GIRLS PREFER PINK BUT BOYS PREFER BLUE? Hurlbert and Ling (2007) have attempted to answer this question using three experiments on 208 participants, 171 of them were British Caucasian and the other 37 were a sub population of Han Chinese. They were tested in three different experiments which included comparisons for a group of eight colours. 90 participants, made up of 53 MARCH | 2012 | JENNYANDREW Craig (as cited in Pearse (2012))who is a social scientist at the Centre for confidence and well-being states that facebook is a stage for narcissism and that more and more young people are becoming increasingly narcissistic. She argues that children are being taught the importance of self esteem and this is leading them to becomeself-centred
FEBRUARY | 2012 | JENNYANDREW 2 posts published by Jenny Andrew during February 2012. How should we research issues to do with children? This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. DECEMBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW 2 posts published by Jenny Andrew during December 2011. Why do girls prefer pink but boys prefer blue? Hurlbert and Ling (2007) have attempted to answer this question using three experiments on 208 participants, 171 of them were British Caucasian and the other 37 were a sub population of Han Chinese.JENNYANDREW
Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge onlinedictionary).
JENNYANDREW
March 24, 2012. Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook.JENNYANDREW
The American Psychological Association sets out ethical guidelines for researchers to follow, these include trying to avoid harm to their partcipants, respecting the right and dignity of them and being honestand truthful.
THE REDUCTIONISM VS HOLISM DEBATE IN PSYCHOLOGICAL The Reductionism and Holism debate in psychology affects the way research is carried out. Is it more beneficial to look at the whole person or reduce behaviour to small component parts? The different approaches in psychology take different stands in this debate. Behaviourism reduces behaviour to stimulus-response links whereas the humanist approach argues that people IS THERE A LINK BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook. Ahmed (2011) states that in January 2011 there was over 600 million users on facebook, with this HOW SHOULD WE RESEARCH ISSUES TO DO WITH CHILDREN This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. This led me to read more about it and try to answer the question how should weHELLO WORLD!
Welcome to WordPress.com. After you read this, you should delete and write your own post, with a new title above. Or hit Add New on the left (of the admin dashboard) to start a fresh post. Here are some suggestions for your first post. You can find new ideas for what toblog about by
HOW HELPFUL IS FREUD’S RESEARCH IN MODERN DAY PSYCHOLOGY The psychodynamic approach was suggested by Sigmund Freud who believed that unconscious mental processes controlled our behaviour, meaning the theory cannot be verified or tested, leaving the question is Freud's research helpful to psychology today? For psychology to be considered a science, Popper believes that theories have to be falisified, this would suggest that if SHOULD THE INTERNET BE USED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH The internet has become increasingly more popular with the office of national statistics reporting that over 77% of adults over the age of 16 are using it and ongoing workshops developed by Age UK to try and get older adults using the internet more often. This creates a huge participant population for psychologists but should APRIL | 2012 | JENNYANDREW 1 post published by Jenny Andrew during April 2012JENNYANDREW
Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge onlinedictionary).
JENNYANDREW
March 24, 2012. Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook.JENNYANDREW
The American Psychological Association sets out ethical guidelines for researchers to follow, these include trying to avoid harm to their partcipants, respecting the right and dignity of them and being honestand truthful.
THE REDUCTIONISM VS HOLISM DEBATE IN PSYCHOLOGICAL The Reductionism and Holism debate in psychology affects the way research is carried out. Is it more beneficial to look at the whole person or reduce behaviour to small component parts? The different approaches in psychology take different stands in this debate. Behaviourism reduces behaviour to stimulus-response links whereas the humanist approach argues that people IS THERE A LINK BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook. Ahmed (2011) states that in January 2011 there was over 600 million users on facebook, with this HOW SHOULD WE RESEARCH ISSUES TO DO WITH CHILDREN This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. This led me to read more about it and try to answer the question how should weHELLO WORLD!
Welcome to WordPress.com. After you read this, you should delete and write your own post, with a new title above. Or hit Add New on the left (of the admin dashboard) to start a fresh post. Here are some suggestions for your first post. You can find new ideas for what toblog about by
HOW HELPFUL IS FREUD’S RESEARCH IN MODERN DAY PSYCHOLOGY The psychodynamic approach was suggested by Sigmund Freud who believed that unconscious mental processes controlled our behaviour, meaning the theory cannot be verified or tested, leaving the question is Freud's research helpful to psychology today? For psychology to be considered a science, Popper believes that theories have to be falisified, this would suggest that if SHOULD THE INTERNET BE USED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH The internet has become increasingly more popular with the office of national statistics reporting that over 77% of adults over the age of 16 are using it and ongoing workshops developed by Age UK to try and get older adults using the internet more often. This creates a huge participant population for psychologists but should APRIL | 2012 | JENNYANDREW 1 post published by Jenny Andrew during April 2012JENNYANDREW
Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge onlinedictionary).
ARE OTHER METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY AS SCIENTIFIC AS It is unlikely that the debate over whether psychology is a science or not is ever going to be resolved, therefore I think it is important that when psychologists carry out research they should strive to be as scientific as possible. however, this doesn’t mean that research methods such as case studies and observations should be completely disregarded.Although it is true that laboratory FEBRUARY | 2012 | JENNYANDREW 2 posts published by Jenny Andrew during February 2012. How should we research issues to do with children? This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. OCTOBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW 3 posts published by Jenny Andrew during October 2011. How helpful is Freud’s research in modern day psychology? The psychodynamic approach was suggested by Sigmund Freud who believed that unconscious mental processes controlled our behaviour, meaning the theory cannot be verified or tested, leaving the question is Freud’s research helpful to psychology today? DECEMBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW 2 posts published by Jenny Andrew during December 2011. Why do girls prefer pink but boys prefer blue? Hurlbert and Ling (2007) have attempted to answer this question using three experiments on 208 participants, 171 of them were British Caucasian and the other 37 were a sub population of Han Chinese. SEPTEMBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW 2 posts published by Jenny Andrew during September 2011. Should some ethics be broken for the sake of psychological research? The American Psychological Association sets out ethical guidelines for researchers to follow, these include trying to avoid harm to their partcipants, respecting the right and dignity of them and being honest andtruthful.
ARE VIRTUAL WORLDS HELPFUL TO PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH Virtual worlds are described by Jarret (2009) as a world online where people create a digital avatar and socialise with other avatars. Virtual worlds have many advantages to psychologists, they provide a sample size that isn’t possible in any laboratory experiment and they also provide large scale social studies so that psychologists canfind out
WHY DO GIRLS PREFER PINK BUT BOYS PREFER BLUE? Hurlbert and Ling (2007) have attempted to answer this question using three experiments on 208 participants, 171 of them were British Caucasian and the other 37 were a sub population of Han Chinese. They were tested in three different experiments which included comparisons for a group of eight colours. 90 participants, made up of 53 MARCH | 2012 | JENNYANDREW Craig (as cited in Pearse (2012))who is a social scientist at the Centre for confidence and well-being states that facebook is a stage for narcissism and that more and more young people are becoming increasingly narcissistic. She argues that children are being taught the importance of self esteem and this is leading them to becomeself-centred
ARE QUALITATIVE METHODS MORE USEFUL THAN QUANTITATIVE Quantitative methods provide data in the form of numbers which are usually analysed and generalised from the sample to the whole population but how much do they actually tell us about the researched group? Qualitative methods provide a more valuable insight into a particular area of research and are very beneficial in unique casesbut
JENNYANDREW
March 24, 2012. Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook.JENNYANDREW
The American Psychological Association sets out ethical guidelines for researchers to follow, these include trying to avoid harm to their partcipants, respecting the right and dignity of them and being honestand truthful.
HOW SHOULD WE RESEARCH ISSUES TO DO WITH CHILDREN This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. This led me to read more about it and try to answer the question how should we THE REDUCTIONISM VS HOLISM DEBATE IN PSYCHOLOGICALREDUCTIONISM VS HOLISM PSYCHOLOGYREDUCTIONISM AND HOLISMREDUCTIONISM IN PSYCHOLOGYEXAMPLES OF HOLISMHISTORY OF HOLISMREDUCTIONIST VS HOLISTICSCIENCE
The Reductionism and Holism debate in psychology affects the way research is carried out. Is it more beneficial to look at the whole person or reduce behaviour to small component parts? The different approaches in psychology take different stands in this debate. Behaviourism reduces behaviour to stimulus-response links whereas the humanist approach argues that people IS THERE A LINK BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook. Ahmed (2011) states that in January 2011 there was over 600 million users on facebook, with thisHELLO WORLD!
Welcome to WordPress.com. After you read this, you should delete and write your own post, with a new title above. Or hit Add New on the left (of the admin dashboard) to start a fresh post. Here are some suggestions for your first post. You can find new ideas for what toblog about by
SHOULD THE INTERNET BE USED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH The internet has become increasingly more popular with the office of national statistics reporting that over 77% of adults over the age of 16 are using it and ongoing workshops developed by Age UK to try and get older adults using the internet more often. This creates a huge participant population for psychologists but should SHOULD ANIMALS BE USED IN RESEARCH? Many researchers use animals in their research in order to find out effects of certain things on the animals and then many generalise this to humans. Behaviourists such as Skinner and Pavlov used animals to find out about classical and operant conditioning and many other behaviourists used animals and then applied their findings to humans. HOW HELPFUL IS FREUD’S RESEARCH IN MODERN DAY PSYCHOLOGY The psychodynamic approach was suggested by Sigmund Freud who believed that unconscious mental processes controlled our behaviour, meaning the theory cannot be verified or tested, leaving the question is Freud's research helpful to psychology today? For psychology to be considered a science, Popper believes that theories have to be falisified, this would suggest that if SHOULD ETHICS BE IGNORED FOR THE SAKE OF LIGHT This was really interesting, and really original concept 😀 . Watching ‘The Experiments’ myself I really enjoyed the series but I was also quite shocked at how unethical some of these situations, especially the two episodes you mentioned, especially as the participants were geniunely sucked into the experiment and believed it to be real, shows the power of psychology really.JENNYANDREW
March 24, 2012. Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook.JENNYANDREW
The American Psychological Association sets out ethical guidelines for researchers to follow, these include trying to avoid harm to their partcipants, respecting the right and dignity of them and being honestand truthful.
HOW SHOULD WE RESEARCH ISSUES TO DO WITH CHILDREN This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. This led me to read more about it and try to answer the question how should we THE REDUCTIONISM VS HOLISM DEBATE IN PSYCHOLOGICALREDUCTIONISM VS HOLISM PSYCHOLOGYREDUCTIONISM AND HOLISMREDUCTIONISM IN PSYCHOLOGYEXAMPLES OF HOLISMHISTORY OF HOLISMREDUCTIONIST VS HOLISTICSCIENCE
The Reductionism and Holism debate in psychology affects the way research is carried out. Is it more beneficial to look at the whole person or reduce behaviour to small component parts? The different approaches in psychology take different stands in this debate. Behaviourism reduces behaviour to stimulus-response links whereas the humanist approach argues that people IS THERE A LINK BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook. Ahmed (2011) states that in January 2011 there was over 600 million users on facebook, with thisHELLO WORLD!
Welcome to WordPress.com. After you read this, you should delete and write your own post, with a new title above. Or hit Add New on the left (of the admin dashboard) to start a fresh post. Here are some suggestions for your first post. You can find new ideas for what toblog about by
SHOULD THE INTERNET BE USED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH The internet has become increasingly more popular with the office of national statistics reporting that over 77% of adults over the age of 16 are using it and ongoing workshops developed by Age UK to try and get older adults using the internet more often. This creates a huge participant population for psychologists but should SHOULD ANIMALS BE USED IN RESEARCH? Many researchers use animals in their research in order to find out effects of certain things on the animals and then many generalise this to humans. Behaviourists such as Skinner and Pavlov used animals to find out about classical and operant conditioning and many other behaviourists used animals and then applied their findings to humans. HOW HELPFUL IS FREUD’S RESEARCH IN MODERN DAY PSYCHOLOGY The psychodynamic approach was suggested by Sigmund Freud who believed that unconscious mental processes controlled our behaviour, meaning the theory cannot be verified or tested, leaving the question is Freud's research helpful to psychology today? For psychology to be considered a science, Popper believes that theories have to be falisified, this would suggest that if SHOULD ETHICS BE IGNORED FOR THE SAKE OF LIGHT This was really interesting, and really original concept 😀 . Watching ‘The Experiments’ myself I really enjoyed the series but I was also quite shocked at how unethical some of these situations, especially the two episodes you mentioned, especially as the participants were geniunely sucked into the experiment and believed it to be real, shows the power of psychology really. FEBRUARY | 2012 | JENNYANDREW 2 posts published by Jenny Andrew during February 2012. How should we research issues to do with children? This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. NOVEMBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW Ethicists Daniel Sokol and James Wilson in an interview with the BBC told how Big Brother, if repeated in a psychological experiment would be prohibited, however if these shows conformed to ethical guidelines then psychologists could use the observations to further psychological knowledge. They go on to say that a special ethics board could be ARE OTHER METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY AS SCIENTIFIC AS The American Psychological Association (2010) states that the scientific method involves observational methods that can be tested and checked by others. Experiments in laboratories or in natural settings are seen as the scientific method as they can be tested. Are other methods such as observations or case studies as scientific asexperiments?
OCTOBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW 3 posts published by Jenny Andrew during October 2011. How helpful is Freud’s research in modern day psychology? The psychodynamic approach was suggested by Sigmund Freud who believed that unconscious mental processes controlled our behaviour, meaning the theory cannot be verified or tested, leaving the question is Freud’s research helpful to psychology today? MARCH | 2012 | JENNYANDREW Craig (as cited in Pearse (2012))who is a social scientist at the Centre for confidence and well-being states that facebook is a stage for narcissism and that more and more young people are becoming increasingly narcissistic. She argues that children are being taught the importance of self esteem and this is leading them to becomeself-centred
DECEMBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW 2 posts published by Jenny Andrew during December 2011. Why do girls prefer pink but boys prefer blue? Hurlbert and Ling (2007) have attempted to answer this question using three experiments on 208 participants, 171 of them were British Caucasian and the other 37 were a sub population of Han Chinese. ARE VIRTUAL WORLDS HELPFUL TO PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH Virtual worlds are described by Jarret (2009) as a world online where people create a digital avatar and socialise with other avatars. Virtual worlds have many advantages to psychologists, they provide a sample size that isn’t possible in any laboratory experiment and they also provide large scale social studies so that psychologists canfind out
WHY DO GIRLS PREFER PINK BUT BOYS PREFER BLUE? Hurlbert and Ling (2007) have attempted to answer this question using three experiments on 208 participants, 171 of them were British Caucasian and the other 37 were a sub population of Han Chinese. They were tested in three different experiments which included comparisons for a group of eight colours. 90 participants, made up of 53 ARE QUALITATIVE METHODS MORE USEFUL THAN QUANTITATIVE Quantitative methods provide data in the form of numbers which are usually analysed and generalised from the sample to the whole population but how much do they actually tell us about the researched group? Qualitative methods provide a more valuable insight into a particular area of research and are very beneficial in unique casesbut
JENNYANDREW
March 24, 2012. Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook.JENNYANDREW
The American Psychological Association sets out ethical guidelines for researchers to follow, these include trying to avoid harm to their partcipants, respecting the right and dignity of them and being honestand truthful.
HOW SHOULD WE RESEARCH ISSUES TO DO WITH CHILDREN This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. This led me to read more about it and try to answer the question how should we THE REDUCTIONISM VS HOLISM DEBATE IN PSYCHOLOGICALREDUCTIONISM VS HOLISM PSYCHOLOGYREDUCTIONISM AND HOLISMREDUCTIONISM IN PSYCHOLOGYEXAMPLES OF HOLISMHISTORY OF HOLISMREDUCTIONIST VS HOLISTICSCIENCE
The Reductionism and Holism debate in psychology affects the way research is carried out. Is it more beneficial to look at the whole person or reduce behaviour to small component parts? The different approaches in psychology take different stands in this debate. Behaviourism reduces behaviour to stimulus-response links whereas the humanist approach argues that people IS THERE A LINK BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook. Ahmed (2011) states that in January 2011 there was over 600 million users on facebook, with thisHELLO WORLD!
Welcome to WordPress.com. After you read this, you should delete and write your own post, with a new title above. Or hit Add New on the left (of the admin dashboard) to start a fresh post. Here are some suggestions for your first post. You can find new ideas for what toblog about by
SHOULD THE INTERNET BE USED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH The internet has become increasingly more popular with the office of national statistics reporting that over 77% of adults over the age of 16 are using it and ongoing workshops developed by Age UK to try and get older adults using the internet more often. This creates a huge participant population for psychologists but should SHOULD ANIMALS BE USED IN RESEARCH? Many researchers use animals in their research in order to find out effects of certain things on the animals and then many generalise this to humans. Behaviourists such as Skinner and Pavlov used animals to find out about classical and operant conditioning and many other behaviourists used animals and then applied their findings to humans. HOW HELPFUL IS FREUD’S RESEARCH IN MODERN DAY PSYCHOLOGY The psychodynamic approach was suggested by Sigmund Freud who believed that unconscious mental processes controlled our behaviour, meaning the theory cannot be verified or tested, leaving the question is Freud's research helpful to psychology today? For psychology to be considered a science, Popper believes that theories have to be falisified, this would suggest that if SHOULD ETHICS BE IGNORED FOR THE SAKE OF LIGHT This was really interesting, and really original concept 😀 . Watching ‘The Experiments’ myself I really enjoyed the series but I was also quite shocked at how unethical some of these situations, especially the two episodes you mentioned, especially as the participants were geniunely sucked into the experiment and believed it to be real, shows the power of psychology really.JENNYANDREW
March 24, 2012. Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook.JENNYANDREW
The American Psychological Association sets out ethical guidelines for researchers to follow, these include trying to avoid harm to their partcipants, respecting the right and dignity of them and being honestand truthful.
HOW SHOULD WE RESEARCH ISSUES TO DO WITH CHILDREN This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. This led me to read more about it and try to answer the question how should we THE REDUCTIONISM VS HOLISM DEBATE IN PSYCHOLOGICALREDUCTIONISM VS HOLISM PSYCHOLOGYREDUCTIONISM AND HOLISMREDUCTIONISM IN PSYCHOLOGYEXAMPLES OF HOLISMHISTORY OF HOLISMREDUCTIONIST VS HOLISTICSCIENCE
The Reductionism and Holism debate in psychology affects the way research is carried out. Is it more beneficial to look at the whole person or reduce behaviour to small component parts? The different approaches in psychology take different stands in this debate. Behaviourism reduces behaviour to stimulus-response links whereas the humanist approach argues that people IS THERE A LINK BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook. Ahmed (2011) states that in January 2011 there was over 600 million users on facebook, with thisHELLO WORLD!
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SHOULD THE INTERNET BE USED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH The internet has become increasingly more popular with the office of national statistics reporting that over 77% of adults over the age of 16 are using it and ongoing workshops developed by Age UK to try and get older adults using the internet more often. This creates a huge participant population for psychologists but should SHOULD ANIMALS BE USED IN RESEARCH? Many researchers use animals in their research in order to find out effects of certain things on the animals and then many generalise this to humans. Behaviourists such as Skinner and Pavlov used animals to find out about classical and operant conditioning and many other behaviourists used animals and then applied their findings to humans. HOW HELPFUL IS FREUD’S RESEARCH IN MODERN DAY PSYCHOLOGY The psychodynamic approach was suggested by Sigmund Freud who believed that unconscious mental processes controlled our behaviour, meaning the theory cannot be verified or tested, leaving the question is Freud's research helpful to psychology today? For psychology to be considered a science, Popper believes that theories have to be falisified, this would suggest that if SHOULD ETHICS BE IGNORED FOR THE SAKE OF LIGHT This was really interesting, and really original concept 😀 . Watching ‘The Experiments’ myself I really enjoyed the series but I was also quite shocked at how unethical some of these situations, especially the two episodes you mentioned, especially as the participants were geniunely sucked into the experiment and believed it to be real, shows the power of psychology really. FEBRUARY | 2012 | JENNYANDREW 2 posts published by Jenny Andrew during February 2012. How should we research issues to do with children? This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. NOVEMBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW Ethicists Daniel Sokol and James Wilson in an interview with the BBC told how Big Brother, if repeated in a psychological experiment would be prohibited, however if these shows conformed to ethical guidelines then psychologists could use the observations to further psychological knowledge. They go on to say that a special ethics board could be ARE OTHER METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY AS SCIENTIFIC AS The American Psychological Association (2010) states that the scientific method involves observational methods that can be tested and checked by others. Experiments in laboratories or in natural settings are seen as the scientific method as they can be tested. Are other methods such as observations or case studies as scientific asexperiments?
OCTOBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW 3 posts published by Jenny Andrew during October 2011. How helpful is Freud’s research in modern day psychology? The psychodynamic approach was suggested by Sigmund Freud who believed that unconscious mental processes controlled our behaviour, meaning the theory cannot be verified or tested, leaving the question is Freud’s research helpful to psychology today? MARCH | 2012 | JENNYANDREW Craig (as cited in Pearse (2012))who is a social scientist at the Centre for confidence and well-being states that facebook is a stage for narcissism and that more and more young people are becoming increasingly narcissistic. She argues that children are being taught the importance of self esteem and this is leading them to becomeself-centred
DECEMBER | 2011 | JENNYANDREW 2 posts published by Jenny Andrew during December 2011. Why do girls prefer pink but boys prefer blue? Hurlbert and Ling (2007) have attempted to answer this question using three experiments on 208 participants, 171 of them were British Caucasian and the other 37 were a sub population of Han Chinese. ARE VIRTUAL WORLDS HELPFUL TO PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH Virtual worlds are described by Jarret (2009) as a world online where people create a digital avatar and socialise with other avatars. Virtual worlds have many advantages to psychologists, they provide a sample size that isn’t possible in any laboratory experiment and they also provide large scale social studies so that psychologists canfind out
WHY DO GIRLS PREFER PINK BUT BOYS PREFER BLUE? Hurlbert and Ling (2007) have attempted to answer this question using three experiments on 208 participants, 171 of them were British Caucasian and the other 37 were a sub population of Han Chinese. They were tested in three different experiments which included comparisons for a group of eight colours. 90 participants, made up of 53 ARE QUALITATIVE METHODS MORE USEFUL THAN QUANTITATIVE Quantitative methods provide data in the form of numbers which are usually analysed and generalised from the sample to the whole population but how much do they actually tell us about the researched group? Qualitative methods provide a more valuable insight into a particular area of research and are very beneficial in unique casesbut
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JUST ANOTHER WORDPRESS.COM SITE ARE OTHER METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY AS SCIENTIFIC AS EXPERIMENTS AND SHOULD THEY BE USED?April 29, 2012
The American Psychological Association (2010) states that the scientific method involves observational methods that can be tested and checked by others. Experiments in laboratories or in natural settings are seen as the scientific method as they can be tested. Are other methods such as observations or case studies as scientific as experiments? Is it possible for other methods other than experiments to have that much control of the variables in an environment that cannot be controlled? Howitt and Cramer (2008) argue that laboratory experiments are the easiest methods to draw conclusions from as all variables are carefully controlled to ensure it was the independent variable having an effect on the dependent variable and not other confounding variables. Although natural experiments do not have as much control as laboratory experiments, in my opinion they still have more control than observations do. Gleitman, Gross and Reisburg (2011) state that it is not possible to draw conclusions from data gained from observations as there may be another factor affecting the results that cannot be controlled. This means researchers cannot be entirely sure that the conclusions they draw are definitely because of the independent variable. In science, researchers have to be sure the conclusions they draw are accurate and also in psychology it is important to draw accurate conclusions as this could affect the livesof many people.
Gleitman, Gross and Reisburg (2011) argue for a method to be considered scientific the study has to be reliable, this means that someone can repeat the study and the same or similar results would be found. They state that a successful replication makes sure there was nothing weird about the study and that the results are reliable. Usually experiments are a lot easier to replicate as all the variables are controlled and it takes place within a controlled setting unlike observations. However this only applies to laboratory experiments and it is not as easy for replication to occur in a field experiment. Harrison and List (2004) argue however that there being loser control is not necessarily a bad thing, they argue that unexpected behaviours occur because of less control and this provides better findings than laboratory experiments. Should the scientific method be neglected in order to find more useful results? For the question to be answered whether scientific methods should be neglected to find more useful research findings, the questions should be answered whether psychology is a science or not. If psychology is a science, the scientific method has to be observed as researchers have to be sure that the results are reliable and valid. If psychology is not a science then other methods that provide findings that are more insightful to areas of psychology such as case studies should be used. It is important to note that psychological research needs to be accurate as the results could be going towards helping and affectingpeoples lives.
References
American Psychological Association (2010) _APA publication Manual 6th edition. _Washington, US: American Psychological Association. Gleitman, H., Gross, J., & Reisburg, D. (2011) _Psychology 8th edition. _New York, US: WW Norton & company. Harrison, G. W., & List, J.A. (2004) Field Experiments. _Journal of Economic Literature, 24(4)_, 1009-1055. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3594915?seq=1 Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2008) _Introduction to research methods in psychology Second edition._ Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited.Advertisements
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IS THERE A LINK BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND NARCISSISM?March 24, 2012
Narcissism is defined as having an obsession with your physical appearance and your ability to do certain things (Cambridge online dictionary). It is argued that there is a link between narcissism and social networking sites such as facebook. Ahmed (2011) states that in January 2011 there was over 600 million users on facebook, with this amount of users logging onto the sites every day, are they having an impact on young people’s self esteems and vanity? Carpenter (2012) used the narcissism personality inventory to measure the behaviours of facebook users. They used the grandiose exhibitionism (GE) subscale of the inventory; people with high levels of GE are more likely to want to be centre of attention. They also used entitlement/exploitativeness (EE), people with high levels of this feel they deserve everything and do not let the needs and feelings of others get in their way in their goal of achieving this. It was found that those with high levels of GE had a greater number of friends on facebook to receive attention from and were accepting strangers in order to gain a larger audience. Those who had higher levels of EE retaliated more against mean comments, looking to see what is being said about them and also seeking more social support. This research shows there may be a link between people using social networking sites and their increase in narcissism however the study used only 294 participants and so further research needs to be done before a link can be definitely assumed. Valkenburg, Peter and Schouten (2006) found there was a link between social networking sites and an adolescent’s social self esteem and well-being. They found that positive feedback on sites led to an increase in self esteem and well-being whereas negative feedback led to a decrease in their self esteem. Craig (as cited in Pearse (2012))who is a social scientist at the Centre for confidence and well-being states that facebook is a stage for narcissism and that more and more young people are becoming increasingly narcissistic. She argues that children are being taught the importance of self esteem and this is leading them to become self-centred, she also argues that facebook helps this happen by allowing people to self promote in the changing of profile pictures and how many friends people have. here may be a link between social networking sites and a young person’s self esteem but it does not necessarily mean they are self centred, it may mean that people who have lower self esteem may use social networking sites to increase it. Steinfield, Ellison and Lampe (2008) showed that those with lower self esteem may use social networking sites in order to engage with others who in a face to face situation they may find difficult to interact with. They argue that social networking sites have a larger effect on a person’s self esteem if it is already quite low compared to those with higher self esteem. Therefore this shows that the effect social networking sites have on self esteem depends on how high their self esteem already is. This study although conducted on a large amount of participants, only used participants from universities and so this does not represent thewhole population.
A lot of evidence suggests that there is a link between facebook and a young person’s vanity, suggesting that there is a link between social networking sites and narcissism. However I believe that more research needs to be done on young people with lower self esteem and their use of facebook and other networking sites as it could be that social networking sites can be beneficial in increasing a shy person’s confidence and self esteem. For those people who already have high self esteem, social networking sites are a way of gaining more attention and leads to the disorder narcissism.References
Ahmed, A. (2011) Social network sites and its popularity. International Journal of research and reviews in computer science. 2(2). Retrieved from http://scholarlyexchange.org/ojs/index.php/IJRRCS/article/view/8191/5881 Carpenter, C. J. (2012) Narcissism on facebook: Self-promotional and anti-social behaviour. Personality and individual differences. 52(4) 482-486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.011Definition:
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/narcissism?q=narcissism Pearse, D. (2012, March 17) Facebook’s dark side: study finds link to socially aggressive narcissism. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://m.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/mar/17/facebook-dark-side-study-aggressive-narcissism?cat=technology&type=articleReport this ad
Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B. And Lampe, C. (2008) Social capital, self esteem and use of online social network sites: a longitudinal analysis. Journal of applied developmental psychology 29 434-445.Retrieved from
https://www.msu.edu/~nellison/Steinfield_Ellison_Lampe%282008%29.pdf Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J. And Schouten, A. P. (2006) Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents well-being and social self esteem. CyberPsychology and behaviour. 9(5) 584-590. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.584.CATEGORY:
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SHOULD ANIMALS BE USED IN RESEARCH?March 10, 2012
Many researchers use animals in their research in order to find out effects of certain things on the animals and then many generalise this to humans. Behaviourists such as Skinner and Pavlov used animals to find out about classical and operant conditioning and many other behaviourists used animals and then applied their findings to humans. In my opinion there are two problems with this 1) surely humans are more complex mammals than other animals? And 2) is it ethical to perform this research on animals? Goodwin (2010) states that animals are used in psychological research for many reasons, they argue that their environment, genetics and development histories can be easily controlled unlike humans, animals can also be kept in isolation as they adapt to new environments easily unlike humans. However is it ethical to keep animals in isolation? These are useful advantages to using animals in research; however can the results that are found from using animals in research be applied to humans as easily? Harlow (1958) kept monkeys in isolation in order to show attachment was based on comfort rather than fulfilment of physical needs as it was believed at the time that mothers were associated with basic needs such as food, drink and pain and that love and affection were learnt. The monkeys were given two wire surrogate mothers one covered in cloth and one pure wire, half of the monkeys were fed by the wire mother and the other half fed by the cloth mother. The monkeys were kept in isolation for many years, some stayed up to 15 years and when the surrogate mothers were absent from the room, the baby monkeys curled up in a ball, screaming, crying and rocking. The way that the baby monkeys were treated by Harlow raised ethical concerns about how animals are treated in experiments. Should there be ethical guidelines to research on animals as well as humans? The experiments conducted by Harlow changed the way the bond between mothers and children was seen, however did the ends justify the means? Much of the population believe that animals should be used instead of humans in research as it is more ethical and it provides opportunities to discover new research findings. Gallop and Beckstead (1988) compiled a questionnaire asking university students about their opinions on research on animals, they found that 85.71% of the students disagreed with the statement that people should die and suffer instead of using animals in research. They also found that only 14.45% of students agreed that research on animals is unnecessary and invalid. This research shows that the majority of the students asked believe that animals should be used in research instead of humans. However this questionnaire cannot be generalised to the rest of the populations opinions as they used a small sample size and used university students and so this is not a representative sample of thepopulation.
I believe that using animals in research can be extremely useful as many research topics cannot be performed on humans due to the strict ethical regulations however due to the research done on the monkeys by Harlow I think that there needs to be some restrictions on what researchers can do to animals. There are also problems with generalising from animals to humans but I believe the research can be done on animals as a basis for the research with humans.REFERENCES
Gallop, G. G. & Beckstead, J. W. (1988) Attitudes toward animal research. _American Psychologist_ 43(6) 474-476 doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.43.6.474 Goodwin, C.J. (2010) _Research in psychology: Methods and design._ United States of America. Wiley & sons Inc. Harlow, H. F. (1958) _The nature of love. _American Psychologist 13673-685.
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HOW SHOULD WE RESEARCH ISSUES TO DO WITH CHILDREN?February 19, 2012
This week, I struggled for a blog topic and whilst talking to my mum about what she was studying in her psychology course with the Open University, she mentioned using children in research. This led me to read more about it and try to answer the question how should we research issues to do with children? Studying children can be very difficult as you have to gain informed consent from both children and their parents as they are under the age of 16 and may not understand what is involved. Another problem is that children have a limited vocabulary and understanding and so when using them for intensive research, this can become a problem. However researching children has huge advantages for psychologists as it is not possible to discover children’s thoughts on friendship from adults. Bigelow and La Gaipa (1975 as cited in Brownlow (2010)) studied children’s friendships and used content analysis to do this. They asked children, between the ages of six and fourteen, to write essays on the expectations of their best friend and how it differed from the expectations of others, they then compared this to a list of pre-determined expectations that Bigelow and La Gaipa had created. This methodology has many flaws for researching children, writing essays would have been better suited to older children who were able to express their emotions and expectations better than younger children. Another problem is the pre-determined list they created, this removes the individual expectations that the children had suggested and focuses only on what the researchers wanted to find, this affects the validity of the study. However researching in this way is a quick way to analyse the amount of information they received and removes the ethical problems of researching children. Another way of researching children is to interview children however this has its own problems, although interviews involve the same questions being asked and therefore the results would be more reliable. Docherty and Sandelowski (1999) say a problem with interviewing children is how well they can remember past events, how long they can remember events for at such a young age and how whether they have the correct language skills to pass this information onto the interviewer. They also say another problem is that children struggle to understand the question, this leads to children giving irrelevant information that is not useful to the researchers. I believe that interviews should be used when researching older teenagers who are able to remember past events more easily and can communicate this information to adults they consider to be strangers. Another method that could be used for researching children would be observations. Greig, Taylor and MacKay (2007) suggested that observations can produce very useful information for researchers, and is the best way of seeing children in their natural settings. They suggest the use of video cameras can record the events as they happen and can give detailed information about children. This method has benefits over other methods as it overcomes the problems of language development as the researcher observes the interactions rather than asking the children to explain their friendships, it also overcomes a similar problem with writing essays. However an adult observing children and being part of the group has its own problems, it is very difficult for an adult to fit in with children and whilst the observation is happening, the children will be aware that an adult is watching them and this may affect the way they behave. Methods used for researching children have their benefits and their problems. I believe it is very difficult to research children as an adult as many children will not express their emotions honestly to an adult and during observations they will not act in the same way. In my opinion the best way to research young children would be a mixture of observation of interactions with other children from a distance and interviews with children and their parents/guardians. This would include the benefits of observations and interviews but tries to overcome the problems associated with these methods.References
Brownlow, C. (2010) ‘Making Friends’ in N.Brace and J.Byford (Eds), _Discovering Psychology, _Milton Keynes, The Open University. Docherty, S. & Sandelowski, M. (1999) Focus on qualitative methods: Interviewing children. _Research in Nursing & health. _22 177-185 Greig, A., Taylor, J. & MacKay, T. (2007) _Doing Research with children_, London, SAGE publications Ltd.CATEGORY:
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SHOULD THE INTERNET BE USED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH?February 4, 2012
The internet has become increasingly more popular with the office of national statistics reporting that over 77% of adults over the age of 16 are using it and ongoing workshops developed by Age UK to try and get older adults using the internet more often. This creates a huge participant population for psychologists but should they use it? Using the internet for psychological research has advantages and disadvantages but with the growing use of the web should psychology be developing or following the same original approach? Buchanan and Smith (1990) describe the many advantages of using the internet for psychological research. These include the access to the large amount of participants which would mean that those with specific characteristics can be contacted more easily. They also describe the lower cost of using the internet to conduct research as the usual expenses associated with using a laboratory such as the booking, materials and testing time would not be applicable. They also describe using the internet as being easier to conduct an experiment as researchers can set up the experiment and then leave it to run itself with minimum intervention and analysis can also be done automatically. However Riva and Galimberti (2001) describe the disadvantages of using the internet for research. They argue that it is too difficult to control the environment and that some participants may not receive the same stimuli as others, depending on their internet connection, browser and hardware. They also argue a disadvantage of using the internet would be that researchers cannot be 100% confident of the information they collect as many people on the internet use false identities or switch genders and so the information collected is not necessarily correct. A third disadvantage highlighted is that the participants are self selected and may not give a representative sample of the population, Riva and Galimberti (2001) argue that many of the participants are towards the higher end of the socioeconomic and education spectrum. There are important disadvantages of using the internet for psychological research . I believe there is a greater advantage to using the internet, the access to a greater number of people meaning that there is more chance of getting a representative sample. I also believe that psychology should be developing with the new technologies, although they use recent technology developments such as brain scanning equipment, the other methods employed to conduct research need to grow with recent technology.References
Age UK:
http://www.ageuk.org.uk/latest-press/archive/ons-statistics-on-internet-use/ Buchanan. T. & Smith. J., L. (1990) Using the internet for psychological research: Personality testing on the world wide web. _British Journal of psychology 90 _125-144 DOI: 10.1348/000712699161189 Office of national statistics: http://raceonline2012.org/sites/default/files/resources/emarketer_trends.pdf Riva. G. & Galimberti. C. (2001) The mind in the web: psychology in the internet age._ CyberPsychology & Behaviour _4(1)_. _DOI: 10.1089/10949310151088299.CATEGORY:
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WHY DO GIRLS PREFER PINK BUT BOYS PREFER BLUE?December 15, 2011
Hurlbert and Ling (2007) have attempted to answer this question using three experiments on 208 participants, 171 of them were British Caucasian and the other 37 were a sub population of Han Chinese. They were tested in three different experiments which included comparisons for a group of eight colours. 90 participants, made up of 53 of the Britons and the Chinese population, performed the experiment twice within a two week interval. Hurlbert and Ling (2007) predicted that colour preferences would be a result of evolutionary sex specificbehaviours.
The title of the journal article ‘Biological components of sex differences in colour preference’ does not represent the study presented in the article. The researchers did not attempt to examine the biology behind colour preferences; they examined the cross cultural differences by using a sub population of Chinese against the other participants who were British. There was no study into the biology of why females chose reddish colours and males chose bluish colours, the title gives a misrepresentation about what the article and the study actually contains. The findings that they found showed that both males and females share a preference for bluish colours but females also have a preference for reddish colours. Hurlbert and Ling (2007) go on to say that they speculate that these preferences are a result of evolutionary behaviours however there is no solid evidence to support these conclusions just results of the preferences. The design of the study did not allow for these conclusions to be drawn as it did not test evolutionary innate behaviours, it only tested the colours which participants preferred and their reaction times reacting to thesecolours.
The media articles taken from The Times gave an accurate report of the findings, they discuss the study in terms of the findings found and the conclusions drawn. However they have interpreted the findings as proof of the evolutionary explanation instead of considering all the angles. The title ‘At last, science discovers why blue if for boys but girls really do prefer pink’ is not really explained in the article as the explanations that appear to have been found are based on speculation by the researchers and has not actually been tested and tried to discover any truth in the speculation. Therefore overall neither the news report nor the journal article, in my opinion, gives an accurate explanation to the findings or the conclusions drawn. The findings from the studies would have been more useful to support the claims of cross cultural differences in sex preferences for colour rather than evolutionary behaviours. The news report has an appropriate title for the study however it presents the conclusions drawn as being true rather than just an idea from theresearchers.
References
Hulbert, A. C. & Ling, Y. (2007) Biological components of sex differences in colour preferences. Current biology 17(16) R623-R625 Henderson, M. (2007, August 21) At last science discovers why blue is for boys but girls really do prefer pink. The TimesCATEGORY:
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ARE VIRTUAL WORLDS HELPFUL TO PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH?December 1, 2011
Virtual worlds are described by Jarret (2009) as a world online where people create a digital avatar and socialise with other avatars. Virtual worlds have many advantages to psychologists, they provide a sample size that isn’t possible in any laboratory experiment and they also provide large scale social studies so that psychologists can find out how people behave in social situations. Virtual behaviour is similar to real life behaviour which makes it possible for psychologists to use to study.. Yee et al (2007) found that participants who create taller avatars negotiate more aggressively in a real life bargaining situation than those who have smaller avatars, this is similar to people standing tall in confrontation in real life.. They also found that people who created more attractive avatars , the more likely they were to disclose information to virtual strangers and also select more attractive partners in a dating task. Virtual worlds are also being used by psychologists and councillors to work with clients, Kate Anthony (cited in Jarret 2009) who is a psychotherapist and co-founder of Online Therapy Institute states that technical advances means that clients can choose how their therapy will happen, either through text, email or in a virtual world, making access wider to more people as some people do not want to meet face to face. She goes on to say that if the client wants a new therapist they can easily find one through the click of a mouse. The virtual world, therapists claim, can help them to see how the client views themselves based on how they have created their online avatar. However are these relationships meaningful? In counselling and therapy, trusting relationships have to be created in order for the client to open up, are relationships created in a virtual world real? There are dangers associated with virtual worlds, some people argue that people lose their grip on reality as they spend that much time in the virtual world they can no longer distinguish between reality and fantasy.. There is also the danger that anyone could create a virtual person and claim to be a councillor, meaning that people could open up to a stranger who cannot actually help them or could cause harm to them. Clients are engaging in social situations which could be a huge benefit, if however it is not real and they are not creating strong relationships with real people this could create social isolation. Virtual Worlds have their advantages to psychologists in that they can create social situations to study that cannot be studied in real life however they have their disadvantages particularly when used in counselling. I think that virtual worlds can provide beneficial insight for psychologists expanding boundaries but when being used in counselling and other therapy these virtual worlds should not be used alone, a relationship should first be built up and the therapist and client should meet face to face intermittently.References
Jarret, C.(2009) Get a second life _The psychologist, 22._ Yee, N., Bailenson, J., Urbaneb, M., et al (2007) The unbearable likeness of being digital: The persistence of nonverbal social norms in online virtual environments. _Cyber psychology and Behaviour, 10,_115-121
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