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PHARMACEUTICS
Pharmaceutics is a peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science and technology of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics, and is published monthly online by MDPI. The Spanish Society of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology (SEFIG), Pharmaceutical Solid State Research Cluster (PSSRC), Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences (APS) and Korean Society of Pharmaceutical SciencesJOURNAL OF FUNGI
Journal of Fungi is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of mycology published monthly online by MDPI.The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the Medical Mycology Society of the Americas (MMSA) are affiliated with the Journal of Fungi, and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal providing an advanced forum for biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, molecular biophysics, molecular medicine, and all aspects of molecular research in chemistry, and is published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Australian Society of Plant Scientists (ASPS), Epigenetics Society, European QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE Quantum Beam Science is an international scientific peer-reviewed open access journal on research derived from beam line facilities and related techniques published quarterly online by MDPI. The first issue was released in June 2017. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web ALLERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Allergies (ISSN 2313-5786) is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of allergy and immunology published quarterly online by MDPI. Open Access —free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal published semimonthly online by MDPI.It covers Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Public Health, Environmental Health, Occupational Hygiene, Health Economic and Global Health Research, etc. HIBISCUS LEACHATE DYE-BASED LOW-COST AND FLEXIBLE DYE Materials 2021, 14, 2748 2 of 10 Materials 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 11 16], but its performance is inferior to ITO or FTO. Since ITO-plated PET film is flexible CANCERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR), Signal Transduction Society (STS) and Spanish Association for Cancer Research (ASEICA) are affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing ENERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Energies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. The European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA), Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE), Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres (EUREC), and Institute forPHARMACEUTICS
Pharmaceutics is a peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science and technology of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics, and is published monthly online by MDPI. The Spanish Society of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology (SEFIG), Pharmaceutical Solid State Research Cluster (PSSRC), Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences (APS) and Korean Society of Pharmaceutical SciencesJOURNAL OF FUNGI
Journal of Fungi is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of mycology published monthly online by MDPI.The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the Medical Mycology Society of the Americas (MMSA) are affiliated with the Journal of Fungi, and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal providing an advanced forum for biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, molecular biophysics, molecular medicine, and all aspects of molecular research in chemistry, and is published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Australian Society of Plant Scientists (ASPS), Epigenetics Society, European QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE Quantum Beam Science is an international scientific peer-reviewed open access journal on research derived from beam line facilities and related techniques published quarterly online by MDPI. The first issue was released in June 2017. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web ALLERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Allergies (ISSN 2313-5786) is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of allergy and immunology published quarterly online by MDPI. Open Access —free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal published semimonthly online by MDPI.It covers Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Public Health, Environmental Health, Occupational Hygiene, Health Economic and Global Health Research, etc. HIBISCUS LEACHATE DYE-BASED LOW-COST AND FLEXIBLE DYE Materials 2021, 14, 2748 2 of 10 Materials 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 11 16], but its performance is inferior to ITO or FTO. Since ITO-plated PET film is flexiblePHARMACEUTICS
Pharmaceutics is a peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science and technology of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics, and is published monthly online by MDPI. The Spanish Society of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology (SEFIG), Pharmaceutical Solid State Research Cluster (PSSRC), Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences (APS) and Korean Society of Pharmaceutical SciencesBIOMEDICINES
Biomedicines is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal on biomedicines published monthly online by MDPI. The Society for Regenerative Medicine (Russian Federation) (RPO) is affiliated with Biomedicines and its members receive discounts on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers,with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their ANIMALS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Animals (ISSN 2076-2615) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal devoted entirely to animals, including zoology and veterinary sciences, published monthly online by MDPI. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing chargesAPPLIED SCIENCES
Applied Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of applied natural sciences published semimonthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases. AGRONOMY | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Agronomy is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal published monthly online by MDPI.The Spanish Society of Plant Physiology (SEFV) is affiliated with Agronomy and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.BRAIN SCIENCES
Brain Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on neuroscience published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, Embase, PSYNDEX, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases.MARINE DRUGS
Marine Drugs is the leading, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the research, development, and production of biologically and therapeutically active compounds from the sea. Marine Drugs is published monthly online by MDPI.Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with Marine Drugs and its members receive a discount on article processing charges. TOXINS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Toxins is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to toxinology and all kinds of toxins (biotoxins) from animals, microbes and plants. Toxins is published monthly online by MDPI. The French Society on Toxinology (SFET), International Society for Mycotoxicology (ISM), Japanese Society of Mycotoxicology (JSMYCO) and European JOURNAL OF OPEN INNOVATION: TECHNOLOGY, MARKET, AND Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed and open access journal on the open innovation, open business model, entrepreneurship, complexity, and evolutionary change in the economy published quarterly online by MDPI as of May 2018. The Society of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity (SOI) is affiliated with JOItmC. CANCERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR), Signal Transduction Society (STS) and Spanish Association for Cancer Research (ASEICA) are affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing ENERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Energies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. The European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA), Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE), Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres (EUREC), and Institute forPHARMACEUTICS
Pharmaceutics is a peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science and technology of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics, and is published monthly online by MDPI. The Spanish Society of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology (SEFIG), Pharmaceutical Solid State Research Cluster (PSSRC), Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences (APS) and Korean Society of Pharmaceutical SciencesJOURNAL OF FUNGI
Journal of Fungi is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of mycology published monthly online by MDPI.The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the Medical Mycology Society of the Americas (MMSA) are affiliated with the Journal of Fungi, and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal providing an advanced forum for biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, molecular biophysics, molecular medicine, and all aspects of molecular research in chemistry, and is published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Australian Society of Plant Scientists (ASPS), Epigenetics Society, European QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE Quantum Beam Science is an international scientific peer-reviewed open access journal on research derived from beam line facilities and related techniques published quarterly online by MDPI. The first issue was released in June 2017. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web ALLERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Allergies (ISSN 2313-5786) is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of allergy and immunology published quarterly online by MDPI. Open Access —free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal published semimonthly online by MDPI.It covers Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Public Health, Environmental Health, Occupational Hygiene, Health Economic and Global Health Research, etc. HIBISCUS LEACHATE DYE-BASED LOW-COST AND FLEXIBLE DYE Materials 2021, 14, 2748 2 of 10 Materials 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 11 16], but its performance is inferior to ITO or FTO. Since ITO-plated PET film is flexible CANCERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR), Signal Transduction Society (STS) and Spanish Association for Cancer Research (ASEICA) are affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing ENERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Energies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. The European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA), Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE), Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres (EUREC), and Institute forPHARMACEUTICS
Pharmaceutics is a peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science and technology of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics, and is published monthly online by MDPI. The Spanish Society of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology (SEFIG), Pharmaceutical Solid State Research Cluster (PSSRC), Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences (APS) and Korean Society of Pharmaceutical SciencesJOURNAL OF FUNGI
Journal of Fungi is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of mycology published monthly online by MDPI.The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the Medical Mycology Society of the Americas (MMSA) are affiliated with the Journal of Fungi, and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal providing an advanced forum for biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, molecular biophysics, molecular medicine, and all aspects of molecular research in chemistry, and is published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Australian Society of Plant Scientists (ASPS), Epigenetics Society, European QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE Quantum Beam Science is an international scientific peer-reviewed open access journal on research derived from beam line facilities and related techniques published quarterly online by MDPI. The first issue was released in June 2017. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web ALLERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Allergies (ISSN 2313-5786) is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of allergy and immunology published quarterly online by MDPI. Open Access —free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal published semimonthly online by MDPI.It covers Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Public Health, Environmental Health, Occupational Hygiene, Health Economic and Global Health Research, etc. HIBISCUS LEACHATE DYE-BASED LOW-COST AND FLEXIBLE DYE Materials 2021, 14, 2748 2 of 10 Materials 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 11 16], but its performance is inferior to ITO or FTO. Since ITO-plated PET film is flexiblePHARMACEUTICS
Pharmaceutics is a peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science and technology of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics, and is published monthly online by MDPI. The Spanish Society of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology (SEFIG), Pharmaceutical Solid State Research Cluster (PSSRC), Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences (APS) and Korean Society of Pharmaceutical SciencesBIOMEDICINES
Biomedicines is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal on biomedicines published monthly online by MDPI. The Society for Regenerative Medicine (Russian Federation) (RPO) is affiliated with Biomedicines and its members receive discounts on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers,with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their ANIMALS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Animals (ISSN 2076-2615) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal devoted entirely to animals, including zoology and veterinary sciences, published monthly online by MDPI. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing chargesAPPLIED SCIENCES
Applied Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of applied natural sciences published semimonthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases. AGRONOMY | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Agronomy is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal published monthly online by MDPI.The Spanish Society of Plant Physiology (SEFV) is affiliated with Agronomy and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.BRAIN SCIENCES
Brain Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on neuroscience published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, Embase, PSYNDEX, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases.MARINE DRUGS
Marine Drugs is the leading, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the research, development, and production of biologically and therapeutically active compounds from the sea. Marine Drugs is published monthly online by MDPI.Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with Marine Drugs and its members receive a discount on article processing charges. TOXINS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Toxins is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to toxinology and all kinds of toxins (biotoxins) from animals, microbes and plants. Toxins is published monthly online by MDPI. The French Society on Toxinology (SFET), International Society for Mycotoxicology (ISM), Japanese Society of Mycotoxicology (JSMYCO) and European JOURNAL OF OPEN INNOVATION: TECHNOLOGY, MARKET, AND Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed and open access journal on the open innovation, open business model, entrepreneurship, complexity, and evolutionary change in the economy published quarterly online by MDPI as of May 2018. The Society of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity (SOI) is affiliated with JOItmC. CANCERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Cancers, an international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal. Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR), Signal Transduction Society (STS) and Spanish Association for Cancer Research (ASEICA) are affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing ENERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Energies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. The European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA), Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE), Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres (EUREC), and Institute for CHILDREN | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Children is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of pediatrics, focusing on the dissemination of clinical, epidemiological and translational science relevant to children’s health, published monthly online by MDPI. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. ALLERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Allergies is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of allergy and immunology published quarterly online by MDPI.. Open Access —free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. Rapid Publication: First decisions in 15 days; acceptance to publication in 3 days (median values for MDPI journals in JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing chargesMAGNETOCHEMISTRY
Magnetochemistry is a scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all areas of magnetism and magnetic materials published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases. QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE Quantum Beam Science is an international scientific peer-reviewed open access journal on research derived from beam line facilities and related techniques published quarterly online by MDPI. The first issue was released in June 2017. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (WebBRAIN SCIENCES
Brain Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on neuroscience published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, Embase, PSYNDEX, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal published semimonthly online by MDPI.It covers Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Public Health, Environmental Health, Occupational Hygiene, Health Economic and Global Health Research, etc. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal providing an advanced forum for biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, molecular biophysics, molecular medicine, and all aspects of molecular research in chemistry, and is published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Australian Society of Plant Scientists (ASPS), Epigenetics Society, European CANCERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Cancers, an international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal. Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR), Signal Transduction Society (STS) and Spanish Association for Cancer Research (ASEICA) are affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing ENERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Energies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. The European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA), Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE), Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres (EUREC), and Institute for CHILDREN | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Children is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of pediatrics, focusing on the dissemination of clinical, epidemiological and translational science relevant to children’s health, published monthly online by MDPI. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. ALLERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Allergies is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of allergy and immunology published quarterly online by MDPI.. Open Access —free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. Rapid Publication: First decisions in 15 days; acceptance to publication in 3 days (median values for MDPI journals in JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing chargesMAGNETOCHEMISTRY
Magnetochemistry is a scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all areas of magnetism and magnetic materials published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases. QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE Quantum Beam Science is an international scientific peer-reviewed open access journal on research derived from beam line facilities and related techniques published quarterly online by MDPI. The first issue was released in June 2017. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (WebBRAIN SCIENCES
Brain Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on neuroscience published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, Embase, PSYNDEX, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal published semimonthly online by MDPI.It covers Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Public Health, Environmental Health, Occupational Hygiene, Health Economic and Global Health Research, etc. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal providing an advanced forum for biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, molecular biophysics, molecular medicine, and all aspects of molecular research in chemistry, and is published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Australian Society of Plant Scientists (ASPS), Epigenetics Society, European CHILDREN | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Children is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of pediatrics, focusing on the dissemination of clinical, epidemiological and translational science relevant to children’s health, published monthly online by MDPI. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. ALLERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Allergies is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of allergy and immunology published quarterly online by MDPI.. Open Access —free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. Rapid Publication: First decisions in 15 days; acceptance to publication in 3 days (median values for MDPI journals inAPPLIED SCIENCES
Applied Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of applied natural sciences published semimonthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases. NUTRIENTS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Nutrients is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of human nutrition published monthly online by MDPI. The Asia Pacific Nutrigenomics Nutrigenetics Organisation (APNNO), Italian Society for Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology (SIGENP), Nutrition Society of New Zealand (NSNZ), The Nutrition Society of Australia (NSA), International Chair for Advanced Studies on Hydration (CIEAH) and moreSUSTAINABILITY
The paper presents the most comprehensive and large-scale study to date on how students perceive the impacts of the first wave of COVID-19 crisis in early 2020 on various aspects of their lives on a global level. With a sample of 30,383 students from 62 countries, the study reveals that amid the worldwide lockdown and transition to online learning students were most satisfied with the support FORESTS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Forests is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of forestry and forest ecology published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Ei Compendex, GEOBASE, AGRICOLA, AGRIS, PaperChem, and many other databases.SUSTAINABILITY
Sustainability is an international, cross-disciplinary, scholarly, peer-reviewed and open access journal of environmental, cultural, economic, and social sustainability of human beings. It provides an advanced forum for studies related to sustainability and sustainabledevelopment, and
IJERPH | FREE FULL-TEXT | IS A MASK THAT COVERS THE MOUTH Many countries introduced the requirement to wear masks in public spaces for containing SARS-CoV-2 making it commonplace in 2020. Up until now, there has been no comprehensive investigation as to the adverse health effects masks can cause. The aim was to find, test, evaluate and compile scientifically proven related side effects of wearing masks. For a quantitative evaluation, 44 mostly JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research published since 2006, is an international, peer-reviewed, scientific journal of the Faculty of Engineering of the Universidad de Talca, published quarterly by MDPI from Volume 16, Issue 3 (2021).. Open Access — free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. MACHINES | FREE FULL-TEXT | DUAL RESOURCE CONSTRAINED Aiming at solving the problem of dual resource constrained flexible job shop scheduling problem (DRCFJSP) with differences in operating time between operators, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based DRCFJSP optimization model is developed in this paper. This model introduces the differences between the loading and unloading operation time of workers before and after the process. CANCERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR) and Signal Transduction Society (STS) is affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. ENERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Energies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. The European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA), Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE), Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres (EUREC), and Institute forJOURNAL OF FUNGI
Journal of Fungi is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of mycology published monthly online by MDPI.The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the Medical Mycology Society of the Americas (MMSA) are affiliated with the Journal of Fungi, and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with articleBRAIN SCIENCES
Brain Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on neuroscience published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, Embase, PSYNDEX, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing chargesSUSTAINABILITY
The paper presents the most comprehensive and large-scale study to date on how students perceive the impacts of the first wave of COVID-19 crisis in early 2020 on various aspects of their lives on a global level. With a sample of 30,383 students from 62 countries, the study reveals that amid the worldwide lockdown and transition to online learning students were most satisfied with the support ALLERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Allergies (ISSN 2313-5786) is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of allergy and immunology published quarterly online by MDPI. Open Access —free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. TOXINS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Toxins is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to toxinology and all kinds of toxins (biotoxins) from animals, microbes and plants. Toxins is published monthly online by MDPI. The French Society on Toxinology (SFET), International Society for Mycotoxicology (ISM), Japanese Society of Mycotoxicology (JSMYCO) and European INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal published semimonthly online by MDPI.It covers Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Public Health, Environmental Health, Occupational Hygiene, Health Economic and Global Health Research, etc. JOURNAL OF OPEN INNOVATION: TECHNOLOGY, MARKET, AND Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed and open access journal on the open innovation, open business model, entrepreneurship, complexity, and evolutionary change in the economy published quarterly online by MDPI as of May 2018. The Society of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity (SOI) is affiliated with JOItmC. CANCERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR) and Signal Transduction Society (STS) is affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. ENERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Energies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. The European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA), Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE), Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres (EUREC), and Institute forJOURNAL OF FUNGI
Journal of Fungi is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of mycology published monthly online by MDPI.The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the Medical Mycology Society of the Americas (MMSA) are affiliated with the Journal of Fungi, and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with articleBRAIN SCIENCES
Brain Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on neuroscience published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, Embase, PSYNDEX, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing chargesSUSTAINABILITY
The paper presents the most comprehensive and large-scale study to date on how students perceive the impacts of the first wave of COVID-19 crisis in early 2020 on various aspects of their lives on a global level. With a sample of 30,383 students from 62 countries, the study reveals that amid the worldwide lockdown and transition to online learning students were most satisfied with the support ALLERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Allergies (ISSN 2313-5786) is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of allergy and immunology published quarterly online by MDPI. Open Access —free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. TOXINS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Toxins is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to toxinology and all kinds of toxins (biotoxins) from animals, microbes and plants. Toxins is published monthly online by MDPI. The French Society on Toxinology (SFET), International Society for Mycotoxicology (ISM), Japanese Society of Mycotoxicology (JSMYCO) and European INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal published semimonthly online by MDPI.It covers Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Public Health, Environmental Health, Occupational Hygiene, Health Economic and Global Health Research, etc. JOURNAL OF OPEN INNOVATION: TECHNOLOGY, MARKET, AND Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed and open access journal on the open innovation, open business model, entrepreneurship, complexity, and evolutionary change in the economy published quarterly online by MDPI as of May 2018. The Society of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity (SOI) is affiliated with JOItmC.JOURNAL OF FUNGI
Journal of Fungi is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of mycology published monthly online by MDPI.The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the Medical Mycology Society of the Americas (MMSA) are affiliated with the Journal of Fungi, and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article AGRONOMY | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Agronomy is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal published monthly online by MDPI.The Spanish Society of Plant Physiology (SEFV) is affiliated with Agronomy and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. ANIMALS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Animals (ISSN 2076-2615) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal devoted entirely to animals, including zoology and veterinary sciences, published monthly online by MDPI. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.APPLIED SCIENCES
Applied Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of applied natural sciences published semimonthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases.MDPI TEAM
Delia Mihaila, M.A. ( Chief Executive Officer ) Delia Mihaila joined MDPI in March 2013. She previously held the positions of Managing Editor, Publishing Development Manager, and Publishing Director within MDPI. Delia held the CEO position within MDPI previously, from February 2015 to April 2016. She holds a Master of Arts inInternational
QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE Quantum Beam Science is an international scientific peer-reviewed open access journal on research derived from beam line facilities and related techniques published quarterly online by MDPI. The first issue was released in June 2017. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web TOXINS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Toxins is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to toxinology and all kinds of toxins (biotoxins) from animals, microbes and plants. Toxins is published monthly online by MDPI. The French Society on Toxinology (SFET), International Society for Mycotoxicology (ISM), Japanese Society of Mycotoxicology (JSMYCO) and European INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal providing an advanced forum for biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, molecular biophysics, molecular medicine, and all aspects of molecular research in chemistry, and is published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Australian Society of Plant Scientists (ASPS), Epigenetics Society, EuropeanSUSTAINABILITY
Sustainability is an international, cross-disciplinary, scholarly, peer-reviewed and open access journal of environmental, cultural, economic, and social sustainability of human beings. It provides an advanced forum for studies related to sustainability and sustainabledevelopment, and
JOURNAL OF OPEN INNOVATION: TECHNOLOGY, MARKET, AND Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed and open access journal on the open innovation, open business model, entrepreneurship, complexity, and evolutionary change in the economy published quarterly online by MDPI as of May 2018. The Society of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity (SOI) is affiliated with JOItmC. CANCERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR) and Signal Transduction Society (STS) is affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. ENERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Energies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. The European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA), Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE), Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres (EUREC), and Institute forJOURNAL OF FUNGI
Journal of Fungi is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of mycology published monthly online by MDPI.The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the Medical Mycology Society of the Americas (MMSA) are affiliated with the Journal of Fungi, and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with articleBRAIN SCIENCES
Brain Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on neuroscience published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, Embase, PSYNDEX, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing chargesSUSTAINABILITY
The paper presents the most comprehensive and large-scale study to date on how students perceive the impacts of the first wave of COVID-19 crisis in early 2020 on various aspects of their lives on a global level. With a sample of 30,383 students from 62 countries, the study reveals that amid the worldwide lockdown and transition to online learning students were most satisfied with the support ALLERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Allergies (ISSN 2313-5786) is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of allergy and immunology published quarterly online by MDPI. Open Access —free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. TOXINS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Toxins is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to toxinology and all kinds of toxins (biotoxins) from animals, microbes and plants. Toxins is published monthly online by MDPI. The French Society on Toxinology (SFET), International Society for Mycotoxicology (ISM), Japanese Society of Mycotoxicology (JSMYCO) and European INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal published semimonthly online by MDPI.It covers Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Public Health, Environmental Health, Occupational Hygiene, Health Economic and Global Health Research, etc. JOURNAL OF OPEN INNOVATION: TECHNOLOGY, MARKET, AND Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed and open access journal on the open innovation, open business model, entrepreneurship, complexity, and evolutionary change in the economy published quarterly online by MDPI as of May 2018. The Society of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity (SOI) is affiliated with JOItmC. CANCERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR) and Signal Transduction Society (STS) is affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. ENERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Energies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. The European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA), Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE), Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres (EUREC), and Institute forJOURNAL OF FUNGI
Journal of Fungi is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of mycology published monthly online by MDPI.The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the Medical Mycology Society of the Americas (MMSA) are affiliated with the Journal of Fungi, and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with articleBRAIN SCIENCES
Brain Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on neuroscience published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, Embase, PSYNDEX, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing chargesSUSTAINABILITY
The paper presents the most comprehensive and large-scale study to date on how students perceive the impacts of the first wave of COVID-19 crisis in early 2020 on various aspects of their lives on a global level. With a sample of 30,383 students from 62 countries, the study reveals that amid the worldwide lockdown and transition to online learning students were most satisfied with the support ALLERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Allergies (ISSN 2313-5786) is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of allergy and immunology published quarterly online by MDPI. Open Access —free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. TOXINS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Toxins is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to toxinology and all kinds of toxins (biotoxins) from animals, microbes and plants. Toxins is published monthly online by MDPI. The French Society on Toxinology (SFET), International Society for Mycotoxicology (ISM), Japanese Society of Mycotoxicology (JSMYCO) and European INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal published semimonthly online by MDPI.It covers Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Public Health, Environmental Health, Occupational Hygiene, Health Economic and Global Health Research, etc. JOURNAL OF OPEN INNOVATION: TECHNOLOGY, MARKET, AND Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed and open access journal on the open innovation, open business model, entrepreneurship, complexity, and evolutionary change in the economy published quarterly online by MDPI as of May 2018. The Society of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity (SOI) is affiliated with JOItmC.JOURNAL OF FUNGI
Journal of Fungi is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of mycology published monthly online by MDPI.The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the Medical Mycology Society of the Americas (MMSA) are affiliated with the Journal of Fungi, and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article AGRONOMY | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Agronomy is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal published monthly online by MDPI.The Spanish Society of Plant Physiology (SEFV) is affiliated with Agronomy and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. ANIMALS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Animals (ISSN 2076-2615) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal devoted entirely to animals, including zoology and veterinary sciences, published monthly online by MDPI. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.APPLIED SCIENCES
Applied Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of applied natural sciences published semimonthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases.MDPI TEAM
Delia Mihaila, M.A. ( Chief Executive Officer ) Delia Mihaila joined MDPI in March 2013. She previously held the positions of Managing Editor, Publishing Development Manager, and Publishing Director within MDPI. Delia held the CEO position within MDPI previously, from February 2015 to April 2016. She holds a Master of Arts inInternational
QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE Quantum Beam Science is an international scientific peer-reviewed open access journal on research derived from beam line facilities and related techniques published quarterly online by MDPI. The first issue was released in June 2017. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web TOXINS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Toxins is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to toxinology and all kinds of toxins (biotoxins) from animals, microbes and plants. Toxins is published monthly online by MDPI. The French Society on Toxinology (SFET), International Society for Mycotoxicology (ISM), Japanese Society of Mycotoxicology (JSMYCO) and European INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal providing an advanced forum for biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, molecular biophysics, molecular medicine, and all aspects of molecular research in chemistry, and is published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Australian Society of Plant Scientists (ASPS), Epigenetics Society, EuropeanSUSTAINABILITY
Sustainability is an international, cross-disciplinary, scholarly, peer-reviewed and open access journal of environmental, cultural, economic, and social sustainability of human beings. It provides an advanced forum for studies related to sustainability and sustainabledevelopment, and
JOURNAL OF OPEN INNOVATION: TECHNOLOGY, MARKET, AND Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed and open access journal on the open innovation, open business model, entrepreneurship, complexity, and evolutionary change in the economy published quarterly online by MDPI as of May 2018. The Society of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity (SOI) is affiliated with JOItmC. CANCERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR) and Signal Transduction Society (STS) is affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. MDPI | THE EDITORIAL PROCESS The MDPI Editorial Process. MDPI operates a rigorous and transparent peer-review process that aims to maximize quality. Peer-review is handled by researchers and scholars. We believe that peer-review needs to be efficient, rigorous, and fair for everyone involved. In most MDPI journals, peer-review is a single-blind assessment with at leasttwo
MDPI | RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICSSEE MORE ON MDPI.COM ENERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Energies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. The European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA), Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE), Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres (EUREC), and Institute for FORESTS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Forests is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of forestry and forest ecology published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Ei Compendex, GEOBASE, AGRICOLA, AGRIS, PaperChem, and many other databases. POLYMERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Polymers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of polymer science published semimonthly online by MDPI. Belgian Polymer Group (BPG), European Colloid & Interface Society (ECIS), The Swiss Chemical Society (SCS) and National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) are affiliated with Polymers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. CANCERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR) and Signal Transduction Society (STS) is affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. MDPI | THE EDITORIAL PROCESS The MDPI Editorial Process. MDPI operates a rigorous and transparent peer-review process that aims to maximize quality. Peer-review is handled by researchers and scholars. We believe that peer-review needs to be efficient, rigorous, and fair for everyone involved. In most MDPI journals, peer-review is a single-blind assessment with at leasttwo
MDPI | RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICSSEE MORE ON MDPI.COM ENERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Energies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. The European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA), Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE), Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres (EUREC), and Institute for FORESTS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Forests is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of forestry and forest ecology published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Ei Compendex, GEOBASE, AGRICOLA, AGRIS, PaperChem, and many other databases. POLYMERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Polymers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of polymer science published semimonthly online by MDPI. Belgian Polymer Group (BPG), European Colloid & Interface Society (ECIS), The Swiss Chemical Society (SCS) and National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) are affiliated with Polymers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. METALS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Metals is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal published monthly online by MDPI. The Portuguese Society of Materials (SPM), and the Spanish Materials Society (SOCIEMAT) are affiliated with Metals and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.MDPI TEAM
Delia Mihaila, M.A. ( Chief Executive Officer ) Delia Mihaila joined MDPI in March 2013. She previously held the positions of Managing Editor, Publishing Development Manager, and Publishing Director within MDPI. Delia held the CEO position within MDPI previously, from February 2015 to April 2016. She holds a Master of Arts inInternational
FORESTS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Forests is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of forestry and forest ecology published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Ei Compendex, GEOBASE, AGRICOLA, AGRIS, PaperChem, and many other databases. AGRONOMY | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Agronomy is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal published monthly online by MDPI.The Spanish Society of Plant Physiology (SEFV) is affiliated with Agronomy and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.APPLIED SCIENCES
Applied Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of applied natural sciences published semimonthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges BIOSENSORS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Biosensors is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the technology and science of biosensors published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and many other DRONES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Drones is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal.The journal focuses on design and applications of drones, including unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), etc. Likewise, contributions based on unmanned water/underwater drones and unmanned ground vehiclesare also welcomed.
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Urban Science is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of urban and regional studies published quarterly online by MDPI.The first issue has been released in March 2017. The European Cool Roofs Council (ECRC) and Society for Urban Ecology (SURE) are affiliated with Urban Science.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE Quantum Beam Science is an international scientific peer-reviewed open access journal on research derived from beam line facilities and related techniques published quarterly online by MDPI. The first issue was released in June 2017. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web CANCERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR) and Signal Transduction Society (STS) is affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. MDPI | THE EDITORIAL PROCESS The MDPI Editorial Process. MDPI operates a rigorous and transparent peer-review process that aims to maximize quality. Peer-review is handled by researchers and scholars. We believe that peer-review needs to be efficient, rigorous, and fair for everyone involved. In most MDPI journals, peer-review is a single-blind assessment with at leasttwo
MDPI | RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICSSEE MORE ON MDPI.COM ENERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Energies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. The European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA), Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE), Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres (EUREC), and Institute for FORESTS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Forests is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of forestry and forest ecology published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Ei Compendex, GEOBASE, AGRICOLA, AGRIS, PaperChem, and many other databases. CANCERS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology published semimonthly online by MDPI.The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR) and Signal Transduction Society (STS) is affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. MDPI | THE EDITORIAL PROCESS The MDPI Editorial Process. MDPI operates a rigorous and transparent peer-review process that aims to maximize quality. Peer-review is handled by researchers and scholars. We believe that peer-review needs to be efficient, rigorous, and fair for everyone involved. In most MDPI journals, peer-review is a single-blind assessment with at leasttwo
MDPI | RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICSSEE MORE ON MDPI.COM ENERGIES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Energies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. The European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA), Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE), Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centres (EUREC), and Institute for FORESTS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Forests is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of forestry and forest ecology published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Ei Compendex, GEOBASE, AGRICOLA, AGRIS, PaperChem, and many other databases. METALS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Metals is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal published monthly online by MDPI. The Portuguese Society of Materials (SPM), and the Spanish Materials Society (SOCIEMAT) are affiliated with Metals and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.MDPI TEAM
Delia Mihaila, M.A. ( Chief Executive Officer ) Delia Mihaila joined MDPI in March 2013. She previously held the positions of Managing Editor, Publishing Development Manager, and Publishing Director within MDPI. Delia held the CEO position within MDPI previously, from February 2015 to April 2016. She holds a Master of Arts inInternational
FORESTS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Forests is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of forestry and forest ecology published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Ei Compendex, GEOBASE, AGRICOLA, AGRIS, PaperChem, and many other databases. AGRONOMY | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Agronomy is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal published monthly online by MDPI.The Spanish Society of Plant Physiology (SEFV) is affiliated with Agronomy and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.APPLIED SCIENCES
Applied Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of applied natural sciences published semimonthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges BIOSENSORS | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Biosensors is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the technology and science of biosensors published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and many other DRONES | AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI Drones is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal.The journal focuses on design and applications of drones, including unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), etc. Likewise, contributions based on unmanned water/underwater drones and unmanned ground vehiclesare also welcomed.
URBAN SCIENCE
Urban Science is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of urban and regional studies published quarterly online by MDPI.The first issue has been released in March 2017. The European Cool Roofs Council (ECRC) and Society for Urban Ecology (SURE) are affiliated with Urban Science.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE Quantum Beam Science is an international scientific peer-reviewed open access journal on research derived from beam line facilities and related techniques published quarterly online by MDPI. The first issue was released in June 2017. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (WebJOURNALS
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Open AccessArticle In vitro Fermentation of Polysaccharides from _Aloe vera_ and the Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids by Antonio Tornero-Martínez, Rubén
Cruz-Ortiz , María
Eugenia Jaramillo-Flores,
Perla Osorio-Díaz , Sandra Victoria Ávila-Reyes,
Guadalupe Monserrat Alvarado-Jassoand
Rosalva Mora-Escobedo _Molecules_ 2019, _24_(19), 3605; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193605 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct2019
ABSTRACT
Soluble or fermentable fibre has prebiotic effects that can be used in the food industry to modify the composition of microbiota species to benefit human health. Prebiotics mostly target Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains, among others, which can fight against chronic diseases since colonic Read more. Soluble or fermentable fibre has prebiotic effects that can be used in the food industry to modify the composition of microbiota species to benefit human health. Prebiotics mostly target Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains, among others, which can fight against chronic diseases since colonic fermentation produces short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present work studied the changes produced in the fibre and polyphenolic compounds during in vitro digestion of gel (AV) and a polysaccharide extract (AP) from _Aloe vera_, after which, these fractions were subjected to in vitro colonic fermentation to evaluate the changes in antioxidant capacity and SCFAs production during the fermentation. The results showed that the phenolic compounds increased during digestion, but were reduced in fermentation, as a consequence, the antioxidant activity increased significantly in AV and AP after the digestion. On the other hand, during in vitro colon fermentation, the unfermented fibre of AV and AP responded as lactulose and the total volume of gas produced, which indicates the possible use of _Aloe vera_ and polysaccharide extract as prebiotics. Full article (This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactives: Chemical Challenges and Bio-Opportunities)
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Open AccessReview Inside the Black Box: What Makes SELEX Better?by Natalia Komarova
and
Alexander Kuznetsov
_Molecules_ 2019, _24_(19), 3598; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193598 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct2019
ABSTRACT
Aptamers are small oligonucleotides that are capable of binding specifically to a target, with impressive potential for analysis, diagnostics, and therapeutics applications. Aptamers are isolated from large nucleic acid combinatorial libraries using an iterative selection process called SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands byRead more.
Aptamers are small oligonucleotides that are capable of binding specifically to a target, with impressive potential for analysis, diagnostics, and therapeutics applications. Aptamers are isolated from large nucleic acid combinatorial libraries using an iterative selection process called SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment). Since being implemented 30 years ago, the SELEX protocol has undergone many modifications and improvements, but it remains a laborious, time-consuming, and costly method, and the results are not always successful. Each step in the aptamer selection protocol can influence its results. This review discusses key technical points of the SELEX procedure and their influence on the outcome of aptamer selection. Full article (This article belongs to the Special Issue Aptamers: Successes, Limitations and Future Directions ) ►▼ Show FiguresFigure 1
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Open AccessBrief Report Gender-Related Challenges in Educational Interventions with Syrian Refugee Parents of Trauma-Affected Childrenin Turkey
by Melissa Diamond andCharles Oberg
_Children_ 2019, _6_(10), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/children6100110 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct 2019ABSTRACT
Since 2012, more than three million Syrian refugees have fled to Turkey. While these refugees vary in socioeconomic background, it is notable that 50% of Syrian refugee children in Turkey display symptoms of post-traumatic stress and that more than 663,138 of these childrenRead more.
Since 2012, more than three million Syrian refugees have fled to Turkey. While these refugees vary in socioeconomic background, it is notable that 50% of Syrian refugee children in Turkey display symptoms of post-traumatic stress and that more than 663,138 of these children between the ages of six and seventeen are not enrolled in school. For those children who are in school, high levels of trauma have significant implications for the education system as trauma alters the brain and affects the way children learn. A Global Voice for Autism is an international non-governmental relief and development organization that exists to equip teachers and families in conflict-affected communities. Its intent is to support the development and success of children with autism and trauma-related behavioral challenges in their classrooms, home, and communities. The instabilities inherent in the Syrian refugee experience pose a number of challenges to the organization’s effective implementation of programming. The experiences of refugees in Turkey are highly gendered. Therefore, a qualitative gender analysis was conducted to address and better understand the challenges faced when carrying out these educational interventions. The article examines domestic violence, sexual violence, and masculinity as gender-driven constructs that influence how refugees experience trauma. In addition, structural issues in existing support systems all present significant challenges to Syrian refugee parents that impede effective program implementation. It is imperative to assess structural issues in existing support services to address these challenges and to successfully carry out meaningful and impactful programming. This Brief Report provides a series of recommendations in order to ameliorate these challenges and increase the efficacy of educational interventions with Syrian refugee parents of trauma-affected and vulnerable children in Turkey. It concludes with a call for policy changes that protect refugees from deportation when accessing support services and a network of services that do not require residency permits. It calls for increased integration of parent trauma support in educational intervention trainings and the creation of safe spaces where mothers and fathers can discuss their own trauma and challenges in the hope of significantly enhancing program efficacy. Full article (This article belongs to the Special Issue Children on the Move: The Health of Refugee, Immigrant and Displaced Children)
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Open AccessArticle Phenomenological Inferences on the Kinetics of a Mechanically Activated Knoevenagel Condensation: Understanding the “Snowball” Kinetic Effect in Ball Milling by Maria Carta , Stuart L. James and Francesco Delogu _Molecules_ 2019, _24_(19), 3600; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193600 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct2019
ABSTRACT
We focus on understanding the kinetics of a mechanically activated Knoevenagel condensation conducted in a ball mill, that is characterized by sigmoidal kinetics and the formation of a rubber-like cohesive intermediate state coating the milling ball. The previously described experimental findings are explained Read more. We focus on understanding the kinetics of a mechanically activated Knoevenagel condensation conducted in a ball mill, that is characterized by sigmoidal kinetics and the formation of a rubber-like cohesive intermediate state coating the milling ball. The previously described experimental findings are explained using a phenomenological kinetic model. It is assumed that reactants transform into products already at the very first collision of the ball with the wall of the jar. The portion of reactants that are transformed into products during each oscillation is taken to be a fraction of the amount of material that is trapped between the ball and the wall of the jar. This quantity is greater when the reaction mixture transforms from its initial powder form to the rubber-like cohesive coating on the ball. Further, the amount of reactants processed in each collision varies proportionally with the total area of the layer coating the ball. The total area of this coating layer is predicted to vary with the third power of time, thus accounting for the observed dramatic increase of the reaction rate. Supporting experiments, performed using a polyvinyl acetate adhesive as a nonreactive but cohesive material, confirm that the coating around the ball grows with the third power of time. Fullarticle
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Development of Mechanochemical Synthesis) ►▼
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Open AccessReview Combination Therapy Strategies for the Treatment ofMalaria
by Sibusiso Alven
and
Blessing Aderibigbe
_Molecules_ 2019, _24_(19), 3601; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193601 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct2019
ABSTRACT
Malaria is a vector- and blood-borne infection that is responsible for a large number of deaths around the world. Most of the currently used antimalarial therapeutics suffer from drug resistance. The other limitations associated with the currently used antimalarial drugs are poor drug Read more. Malaria is a vector- and blood-borne infection that is responsible for a large number of deaths around the world. Most of the currently used antimalarial therapeutics suffer from drug resistance. The other limitations associated with the currently used antimalarial drugs are poor drug bioavailability, drug toxicity, and poor water solubility. Combination therapy is one of the best approaches that is currently used to treat malaria, whereby two or more therapeutic agents are combined. Different combination therapy strategies are used to overcome the aforementioned limitations. This review article reports two strategies of combination therapy; the incorporation of two or more antimalarials into polymer-based carriers and hybrid compounds designed by hybridization of two antimalarial pharmacophores. Fullarticle
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemistry & Health) ►▼ Show
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Open AccessArticle Identification of _Cannabis sativa_ L. (hemp) Retailers by Means of Multivariate Analysis of Cannabinoids by Sara Palmieri , MarcelloMascini
,
Antonella Ricci
,
Federico Fanti , Chiara Ottaviani , Claudio Lo Sterzo and Manuel Sergi _Molecules_ 2019, _24_(19), 3602; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193602 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct2019
ABSTRACT
In this work, the concentration of nine cannabinoids, six neutral cannabinoids (THC, CBD, CBC, CBG, CBN and CBDV) and three acidic cannabinoids (THCA CBGA and CBDA), was used to identify the Italian retailers of _Cannabis sativa_ L. (hemp), reinforcing the idea thatthe Read more.
In this work, the concentration of nine cannabinoids, six neutral cannabinoids (THC, CBD, CBC, CBG, CBN and CBDV) and three acidic cannabinoids (THCA CBGA and CBDA), was used to identify the Italian retailers of _Cannabis sativa_ L. (hemp), reinforcing the idea that the practice of categorizing hemp samples only using THC and CBD is inadequate. A high-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for screening and simultaneously analyzing the nine cannabinoids in 161 hemp samples sold by four retailers located in different Italian cities. The hemp samples dataset was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis with the aim to identify the hemp retailers without any other information on the hemp samples like _Cannabis_ strains, seeds, soil and cultivation characteristics, geographical origin, product storage, etc. The univariate analysis highlighted that the hemp samples could not be differentiated by using any of the nine cannabinoids analyzed. To evaluate the real efficiency of the discrimination among the four hemp retailers a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied. The PLS-DA results showed a very good discrimination between the four hemp retailers with an explained variance of 100% and low classification errors in both calibration (5%) and cross validation (6%). A total of 92% of the hemp samples were correctly classified by the cannabinoid variables in both fitting and cross validation. This work contributed to show that an analytical method coupled with multivariate analysis can be used as a powerful tool for forensic purposes. Full article (This article belongs to the Special Issue Cannabinergic Ligands: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential) ►▼ Show
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Open AccessArticle High-Throughput 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Screening for the Identification and Quantification of Heartwood Diterpenic Acids in Four Black Pine (_Pinus nigra_ Arn.) Marginal Provenances in Greeceby Kostas Ioannidis
, Eleni
Melliou and ProkopiosMagiatis
_Molecules_ 2019, _24_(19), 3603; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193603 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct2019
ABSTRACT
A high-throughput quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1H-NMR method was developed and applied to screen the quantity of the diterpenic resin acids in the heartwood of black pine, due to the renewed scientific interest in their medicinal properties and use in various diseases Read more. A high-throughput quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1H-NMR method was developed and applied to screen the quantity of the diterpenic resin acids in the heartwood of black pine, due to the renewed scientific interest in their medicinal properties and use in various diseases treatment. The 260 samples were taken from _Pinus nigra_ clones, selected from four provenances of the Peloponnese (Greece), participating in a 35-year-old clonal seed orchard. Total resin acids per dry heartwood weight (dhw) varied greatly, ranging from 30.05 to 424.70 mg/gdhw (average 219.98 mg/gdhw). Abietic was the predominant acid (76.77 mg/gdhw), followed by palustric acid (47.94 mg/gdhw), neoabietic acid (39.34 mg/gdhw), and pimaric acid (22.54 mg/gdhw). Dehydroabietic acid was at moderate levels (11.69 mg/gdhw), while levopimaric, isopimaric, and sandaracopimaric acids were in lower concentrations. The resin acid fraction accounted for 72.33% of the total acetone extractives. Stilbenes were presented in significant quantities (19.70%). The resin acid content was composed mainly of the abietane type resin acids (83.56%). Peloponnesian _Pinus nigra_ heartwood was found to be the richest source of resin acids identified to date and is considered the best natural source for the production of such bioactive extracts. The results indicate a high potential for effective selection and advanced breeding of pharmaceutical and high economic value bioactive substances from _Pinus nigra_ clones. Fullarticle
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Terpenes and Terpene Derivatives ) ►▼ ShowFigures
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Open AccessArticle A Passive Wireless Crack Sensor Based on Patch Antenna with Overlapping Sub-Patch by Songtao Xue , Zhuoran Yi, Liyu Xie
, Guochun Wan
and Tao Ding
_Sensors_ 2019, _19_(19), 4327; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194327 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct 2019ABSTRACT
Monolithic patch antennas for deformation measurements are designed to be stressed. To avoid the issues of incomplete strain transfer ratio and insufficient bonding strength of stressed antennas, this paper presents a passive wireless crack sensor based on an unstressed patch antenna. The rectangular Read more. Monolithic patch antennas for deformation measurements are designed to be stressed. To avoid the issues of incomplete strain transfer ratio and insufficient bonding strength of stressed antennas, this paper presents a passive wireless crack sensor based on an unstressed patch antenna. The rectangular radiation patch of the proposed sensor is partially covered by a radiation sub-patch, and the overlapped length between them will induce the resonate frequency shift representing the crack width. First, the cavity model theory is adopted to show how the resonant frequencies of the crack sensor are related to the overlapped length between the patch antenna and the sub-patch. This phenomenon is further verified by numerical simulation using the Ansoft high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS), and results show a sensitivity of 120.24 MHz/mm on average within an effective measuring range of 1.5 mm. One prototype of proposed sensor was fabricated. The experiments validated that the resonant frequency shifts are linearly proportional to the applied crack width, and the resolution is suitable for crack width measuring. Full article (This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors ) ►▼ Show Figures__
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Open AccessArticle Genetic Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant _Escherichia coli_ Isolated from a Mixed-Use Watershed in NortheastGeorgia, USA
by Sohyun Cho , Hoang Anh ThiNguyen , Jacob
M. McDonald ,
Tiffanie A. Woodley
, Lari M. Hiott
, John B. Barrett
, Charlene R. Jacksonand Jonathan G.
Frye
_Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health_ 2019, _16_(19), 3761; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193761 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct2019
ABSTRACT
In order to determine the role of surface water in the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria, water samples were collected quarterly from 2015 to 2016 from a mixed-use watershed in Georgia. In our previous study, 496 _Escherichia coli_ were isolatedfrom Read more.
In order to determine the role of surface water in the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria, water samples were collected quarterly from 2015 to 2016 from a mixed-use watershed in Georgia. In our previous study, 496 _Escherichia coli_ were isolated from surface water, out of which, 34 isolates were resistant to antimicrobials. For the current study, these 34 AR _E. coli_ were characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, AR gene detection, plasmid replicon typing, class I integron detection, and multi-locus sequence typing. Genes were identified as conferring resistance to azithromycin (_mph_(A)); β-lactams (_bla_CMY, _bla_CTX, _bla_TEM); chloramphenicol (_floR_); streptomycin (_strA_, _strB_); sulfisoxazole (_sul1_, _sul2_); tetracycline (_tetA_, _tetB_, _tetC_); and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (_dhfr5_, _dhfr12_). Five ciprofloxacin- and/or nalidixic-resistant isolates contained point mutations in _gyrA_ and/or _parC_. Most of the isolates (n = 28) carried plasmids and three were positive for class I integrons. Twenty-nine sequence types (ST) were detected, including three epidemic urinary-tract-infection-associated ST131 isolates. One of the ST131 _E. coli_ isolates exhibited an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype and carried _bla_CTX-M-15 and _bla_TEM-1. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the emergence of an ESBL-producing _E. coli_ ST131 from environmental water in the USA, which poses a potential risk to human health through the recreational, agricultural, or municipal use of this natural resource. This study identified _E. coli_ with AR mechanisms to commonly used antimicrobials and carrying mobile genetic elements, which could transfer AR genes to other bacteria in the aquatic environment. Fullarticle
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Public Health Implications of Microbiological Contamination in the Integrated Water Cycle) ►▼ Show
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Open AccessArticle Chemically Enhanced Primary Sludge as an Anaerobic Co-Digestion Additive for Biogas Production from Food Waste by Xiaorong Kang and Yali Liu _Processes_ 2019, _7_(10), 709; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7100709 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct 2019ABSTRACT
In order to overcome process instability and buffer deficiency in the anaerobic digestion of mono food waste (FW), chemically enhanced primary sludge (CEPS) was selected as a co-substrate for FW treatment. In this study, batch tests were conducted to study the effects ofRead more.
In order to overcome process instability and buffer deficiency in the anaerobic digestion of mono food waste (FW), chemically enhanced primary sludge (CEPS) was selected as a co-substrate for FW treatment. In this study, batch tests were conducted to study the effects of CEPS/FW ratios on anaerobic co-digestion (coAD) performances. Both soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and protease activity were decreased, with the CEPS/FW mass ratio increasing from 0:5 to 5:0. However, it was also found that the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was eliminated by increasing the CEPS/FW ratio, and that corresponding VFAs concentrations decreased from 13,872.97 to 1789.98 mg chemical oxygen demand per L (mg COD/L). In addition, the maximum value of cumulative biogas yield (446.39 mL per g volatile solids removal (mL/g VSsremoval)) was observed at a CEPS/FW ratio of 4:1, and that the tendency of coenzyme F420 activity was similar to biogas production. The mechanism analysis indicated that Fe-based CEPS relived the VFAs accumulation caused by FW, and Fe(III) induced by Fe-based CEPS enhanced the activity of F420. Therefore, the addition of Fe-based CEPS provided an alternative method for FW treatment. Fullarticle
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intensified Reactors and Smart Integrated Processing for Valuable Products from Food ProcessingWastes ) ►▼
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Open AccessArticle Developing A Semi-Markov Process Model for Bridge Deterioration Prediction in Shanghaiby Yu Fang and
Lijun Sun
_Sustainability_ 2019, _11_(19), 5524; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195524 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct 2019ABSTRACT
The performance of urban bridges will deteriorate gradually throughout service life. Bridge deterioration prediction is essential for bridge management, especially for maintenance planning and decision-making. By considering the time-dependent reliability in the bridge deterioration process, a Weibull distribution based semi-Markov process model for Read more. The performance of urban bridges will deteriorate gradually throughout service life. Bridge deterioration prediction is essential for bridge management, especially for maintenance planning and decision-making. By considering the time-dependent reliability in the bridge deterioration process, a Weibull distribution based semi-Markov process model for urban bridge deterioration prediction was proposed in this paper. Historical inspection records stored in the Bridge Manage System (BMS) database in Shanghai since 2004 were investigated. The Weibull distribution was used to characterize the bridge deterioration behavior within each condition rating (CR), and the semi-Markov process was used to calculate the bridge transition probabilities between adjacent CRs. After that, the service life expectancy of urban bridges, the transition probabilities of the deck system and the substructure, and the future CR proportion change caused by deterioration was predicted. The prediction results indicate that the life expectancy of concrete beam bridges is about 77 years. The decay rate of the deck system is the fastest among three major parts, and the substructure has a much longer life expectancy. It suggests that the overall prediction accuracy of the semi-Markov model in network-level is better than the regression analysis method. Furthermore, the proportion of bridges in intact condition will gradually decrease in the next few decades, while the percentage of bridges in the qualified and bad state will increase rapidly. The prediction results show a good agreement with the actual deterioration trend of the urban bridges in Shanghai. In order to alleviate the pressure of bridge maintenance in the future, it is necessary to adopt a more targeted preventive maintenance strategy. Full article (This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Construction Engineering and Management)
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Open AccessReview The Hemocompatibility of Nanoparticles: A Review of Cell–Nanoparticle Interactions and Hemostasis by Kara M. de la Harpe,
Pierre P.D. Kondiah
, Yahya E. Choonara
,
Thashree Marimuthu
, Lisa
C. du Toit and
Viness Pillay
_Cells_ 2019, _8_(10), 1209; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8101209 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct 2019ABSTRACT
Understanding cell–nanoparticle interactions is critical to developing effective nanosized drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles have already advanced the treatment of several challenging conditions including cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), yet still hold the potential to improve drug delivery to elusive target sites.Even Read more.
Understanding cell–nanoparticle interactions is critical to developing effective nanosized drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles have already advanced the treatment of several challenging conditions including cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), yet still hold the potential to improve drug delivery to elusive target sites. Even though most nanoparticles will encounter blood at a certain stage of their transport through the body, the interactions between nanoparticles and blood cells is still poorly understood and the importance of evaluating nanoparticle hemocompatibility is vastly understated. In contrast to most review articles that look at the interference of nanoparticles with the intricate coagulation cascade, this review will explore nanoparticle hemocompatibility from a cellular angle. The most important functions of the three cellular components of blood, namely erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes, in hemostasis are highlighted. The potential deleterious effects that nanoparticles can have on these cells are discussed and insight is provided into some of the complex mechanisms involved in nanoparticle–blood cell interactions. Throughout the review, emphasis is placed on the importance of undertaking thorough, all-inclusive hemocompatibility studies on newly engineered nanoparticles to facilitate their translation into clinical application. Full article (This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Biological Techniques and Cell-Biomaterial Interactions) ►▼
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Open AccessArticle Development of a Simple Pretreatment Immunoassay Based on an Organic Solvent-Tolerant Nanobody for the Detection of Carbofuran in Vegetable and Fruit Samples by Jin-ru Zhang , Yu Wang, Jie-xian Dong
, Jin-yi Yang
, Yu-qi Zhang
, Feng Wang
, Rui Si
, Zhen-lin Xu
, Hong Wang
, Zhi-li Xiao
and Yu-dong Shen
_Biomolecules_ 2019, _9_(10), 576; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100576 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct 2019ABSTRACT
Nanobodies are one-tenth the size of conventional antibodies and are naturally obtained from the atypical heavy-chain-only antibodies present in camelids. Their small size, high solubility, high stability, and strong resilience to organic solvents facilitate their use as novel analytical reagents in immunochemistry. In Readmore.
Nanobodies are one-tenth the size of conventional antibodies and are naturally obtained from the atypical heavy-chain-only antibodies present in camelids. Their small size, high solubility, high stability, and strong resilience to organic solvents facilitate their use as novel analytical reagents in immunochemistry. In this study, specific nanobodies against pesticide carbofuran were isolated and characterized from an immunized library via phage display platform. We further established an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using nanobody Nb316 to detect carbofuran in vegetable and fruit samples. The results showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 7.27 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.65 ng/mL. A simplified sample pretreatment procedure omitting the evaporation of organic solvent was used. The averaged recovery rate of spiked samples ranged between 82.3% and 103.9%, which correlated with that of standard UPLC–MS/MS method. In conclusion, a nanobody with high specificity for carbofuran was characterized, and a nanobody-based sensitive immunoassay for simple and rapid detection of carbofuran in real samples was validated. Full article►▼ Show Figures
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Open AccessArticle Arbitrary Microphone Array Optimization Method Based on TDOA for Specific Localization Scenarios by Haitao Liu , Thia Kirubarajanand Qian Xiao
_Sensors_ 2019, _19_(19), 4326; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194326 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct 2019ABSTRACT
Various microphone array geometries (e.g., linear, circular, square, cubic, spherical, etc.) have been used to improve the positioning accuracy of sound source localization. However, whether these array structures are optimal for various specific localization scenarios is still a subject of debate. This paper Read more. Various microphone array geometries (e.g., linear, circular, square, cubic, spherical, etc.) have been used to improve the positioning accuracy of sound source localization. However, whether these array structures are optimal for various specific localization scenarios is still a subject of debate. This paper addresses a microphone array optimization method for sound source localization based on TDOA (time difference of arrival). The geometric structure of the microphone array is established in parametric form. A triangulation method with TDOA was used to build the spatial sound source location model, which consists of a group of nonlinear multivariate equations. Through reasonable transformation, the nonlinear multivariate equations can be converted to a group of linear equations that can be approximately solved by the weighted least square method. Then, an optimization model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was constructed to optimize the geometric parameters of the microphone array under different localization scenarios combined with the spatial sound source localization model. In the optimization model, a reasonable fitness evaluation function is established which can comprehensively consider the positioning accuracy and robustness of the microphone array. In order to verify the array optimization method, two specific localization scenarios and two array optimization strategies for each localization scenario were constructed. The optimal array structure parameters were obtained through numerical iteration simulation. The localization performance of the optimal array structures obtained by the method proposed in this paper was compared with the optimal structures proposed in the literature as well as with random array structures. The simulation results show that the optimized array structure gave better positioning accuracy and robustness under both specific localization scenarios. The optimization model proposed could solve the problem of array geometric structure design based on TDOA and could achieve the customization of microphone array structures under different specific localization scenarios. Full article (This article belongs to the Special Issue Acoustic Wave Sensors for Gaseous and Liquid Environments )►▼ Show Figures
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Open AccessReview Ferrocene-Based Compounds with Antimalaria/Anticancer Activity by Sijongesonke Peterand
Blessing Atim Aderibigbe _Molecules_ 2019, _24_(19), 3604; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193604 (registering DOI) - 07 Oct2019
ABSTRACT
Malaria and cancer are chronic diseases. The challenge with drugs available for the treatment of these diseases is drug toxicity and resistance. Ferrocene is a potent organometallic which have been hybridized with other compounds resulting in compounds with enhanced biological activity such as Read more. Malaria and cancer are chronic diseases. The challenge with drugs available for the treatment of these diseases is drug toxicity and resistance. Ferrocene is a potent organometallic which have been hybridized with other compounds resulting in compounds with enhanced biological activity such as antimalarial and anticancer. Drugs such as ferroquine were developed from ferrocene and chloroquine. It was tested in the 1990s as an antimalarial and is still an effective antimalarial. Many researchers have reported ferrocene compounds as potent compounds useful as anticancer and antimalarial agents when hybridized with other pharmaceutical scaffolds. This review will be focused on compounds with ferrocene moieties that exhibit either an anticancer or antimalarial activity. Full article (This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal-Based Drugs) ►▼
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