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NEWS & VIEWS FOR MAKING & SAVING MONEY IN ENERGY AND FUEL Sebastian Sterl, energy planning expert at Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and KU Leuven in Belgium and lead author of the study, published in Nature Energy said, “Our results call for integrated hydro-solar-wind planning to be taken up in the GERD negotiations.”.The mega
A FUSION DIAGNOSTIC TOOL REVIEW FOR THE PAST 60 YEARS A review paper examines the 6-decade history of neutral particle analysis (NPA), a vital diagnostic tool used in magnetic plasma confinement devices such as tokamaks that will house the nuclear fusion process and generate the clean energy of the future.. As the world’s energy demands grow, so too does growing concern over the environmental impact of power production. HYBRID MATERIAL BRINGS TRANSPORTATION FUEL CELLS CLOSER A team, led by the University of Tokyo in Japan, has developed a hybrid material that effectively transports protons at high temperatures and humidity – two major challenges of prior work. CAN PUMPED HYDRO SYSTEMS WORK AT SMALL SCALE? The principle of pumped-storage hydroelectricity is however little used on a small scale, as in this example, in buildings. With this in mind, the two researchers set out to examine the feasibility and cost effectiveness of such systems. The smallest pumped-storage hydroelectricity system they found was in Greece, but it turned out tobe too
PRIVACY POLICY
New Energy and Fuel takes your privacy seriously. This privacy policy describes what personal information we collect and how we use it. See this privacy policy primer to learn more about privacy policies in general.. Routine Information Collection NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR AIR CONDITIONING New Technology For Air Conditioning. National University of Singapore researchers have pioneered a new water-based air-conditioning system that cools air to as low as 18º C (64.4º F) without using energy-intensive compressors and environmentally harmful chemical refrigerants. This disruptive type of technology could potentiallyreplace the
NEWENERGYANDFUEL.COM JFIF HH C C " } !1A Qa "q 2 #B R $3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w !1 AQ aq "2 B #3R br $4 % &'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? X Rb M8G NEWENERGYANDFUEL.COM JFIF HPhotoshop 3.08BIM , Z %G 114827+0000 7 20111212 XICC_PROFILE HLino mntrRGB XYZ 1acspMSFTIEC sRGB -HP cprt P3desc lwtpt bkpt rXYZ gXYZ , bXYZ @ dmnd Tpdmdd vued NEWS & VIEWS FOR MAKING & SAVING MONEY IN ENERGY AND FUELANTIMATTERBIO GENERATORSBLACKLIGHTCONSERVATIONENERGY FUNDAMENTALSFISSION Sunlight has two main properties that are useful in the design of renewable energy systems. The first is the amount power falling on a fixed area, like the ground or a person’s roof. This quantity varies with the time of day and the season. The second property is the colors or spectrum of the sunlight. ABOUT - NEW ENERGY AND FUEL About. Welcome to newenergyandfuel.com’s about page. The site’s mission is to inform, stimulate, amuse and abuse the news and views across the emerging field of energy and fuels in our future. Here you will find the most exciting and useful news, guides and tips for making and saving money in energy and fuel, just how things work ornot
NEWS & VIEWS FOR MAKING & SAVING MONEY IN ENERGY AND FUEL Sebastian Sterl, energy planning expert at Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and KU Leuven in Belgium and lead author of the study, published in Nature Energy said, “Our results call for integrated hydro-solar-wind planning to be taken up in the GERD negotiations.”.The mega
A FUSION DIAGNOSTIC TOOL REVIEW FOR THE PAST 60 YEARS A review paper examines the 6-decade history of neutral particle analysis (NPA), a vital diagnostic tool used in magnetic plasma confinement devices such as tokamaks that will house the nuclear fusion process and generate the clean energy of the future.. As the world’s energy demands grow, so too does growing concern over the environmental impact of power production. HYBRID MATERIAL BRINGS TRANSPORTATION FUEL CELLS CLOSER A team, led by the University of Tokyo in Japan, has developed a hybrid material that effectively transports protons at high temperatures and humidity – two major challenges of prior work. CAN PUMPED HYDRO SYSTEMS WORK AT SMALL SCALE? The principle of pumped-storage hydroelectricity is however little used on a small scale, as in this example, in buildings. With this in mind, the two researchers set out to examine the feasibility and cost effectiveness of such systems. The smallest pumped-storage hydroelectricity system they found was in Greece, but it turned out tobe too
PRIVACY POLICY
New Energy and Fuel takes your privacy seriously. This privacy policy describes what personal information we collect and how we use it. See this privacy policy primer to learn more about privacy policies in general.. Routine Information Collection NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR AIR CONDITIONING New Technology For Air Conditioning. National University of Singapore researchers have pioneered a new water-based air-conditioning system that cools air to as low as 18º C (64.4º F) without using energy-intensive compressors and environmentally harmful chemical refrigerants. This disruptive type of technology could potentiallyreplace the
NEWENERGYANDFUEL.COM JFIF HH C C " } !1A Qa "q 2 #B R $3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w !1 AQ aq "2 B #3R br $4 % &'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? X Rb M8G NEWENERGYANDFUEL.COM JFIF HPhotoshop 3.08BIM , Z %G 114827+0000 7 20111212 XICC_PROFILE HLino mntrRGB XYZ 1acspMSFTIEC sRGB -HP cprt P3desc lwtpt bkpt rXYZ gXYZ , bXYZ @ dmnd Tpdmdd vued MATERIALS | NEW ENERGY AND FUEL A Tohoku University research team has 3D printed a proton exchange membrane, a critical component of batteries, electrochemical capacitors and fuel cells. HYDROGEN | NEW ENERGY AND FUEL One prospective source of renewable energy is hydrogen gas produced from water with the aid of sunlight. Researchers at Linköping University, Sweden, have developed a material, nanoporous cubic silicon carbide, that exhibits promising properties to capture solar energy and split water for hydrogen gas production.FOSSIL FUELS
North Carolina State University researchers have developed what is, to date, the most efficient means of converting sewage sludge and restaurant grease into natural gas. FUEL CELLS | NEW ENERGY AND FUEL A Pohang University of Science & Technology research team revealed the phase transition and metal ex-solution phenomena to increase the catalytic activity in fuel cells. BATTERIES | NEW ENERGY AND FUEL Brookhaven National Laboratory scientists have identified the primary cause of failure in a state-of-the-art lithium-metal battery, of interest for long-range electric vehicles: electrolyte depletion. Using high-energy x-rays, they followed the cycling-induced changes at thousands of different points across the battery and mapped thevariations
USING THERMAL STORAGE TO MANAGE ENERGY USE Thermal energy storage allows buildings to function like a huge battery by storing thermal energy in novel materials until it can be used later. One example is a heat pump. While electricity is needed initially to create and store the heat, the heat is used later without using additional electricity. In another example, some materials havethe
SOLAR PANELS
Consumers and utility companies have worried for years that solar panels drive up electricity costs for the people who don’t have panels. But Michigan Technological University renewable energy researchers show the opposite is actually true – grid-tied solarphotovoltaic (PV)
NEW CATALYST ALLOWS WOOD TO REPLACE PETROLEUM FOR FEEDSTOCK Researchers used platinum and aluminum compounds to create a catalyst which enables certain chemical reactions to occur more efficientlythan ever before.
PIEZOELECTRICS
A research team has developed a hyper-stretchable elastic-composite energy harvesting device called a nanogenerator. A team led by Professor Keon Jae Lee of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Seoul National University (SNU) have collaborated and demonstrated a facile methodology to obtain a NEW BATTERY TECH MIGHT END ELECTRIC CAR RANGE ANXIETY New Battery Tech Might End Electric Car Range Anxiety. Penn State engineers are looking at lithium iron phosphate batteries that have a range of 250 miles with the ability to charge in 10 minutes. Range anxiety, the fear of running out of power before being able to recharge an electric vehicle, may be a thing of the past. NEWS & VIEWS FOR MAKING & SAVING MONEY IN ENERGY AND FUELANTIMATTERBIO GENERATORSBLACKLIGHTCONSERVATIONENERGY FUNDAMENTALSFISSION Sunlight has two main properties that are useful in the design of renewable energy systems. The first is the amount power falling on a fixed area, like the ground or a person’s roof. This quantity varies with the time of day and the season. The second property is the colors or spectrum of the sunlight. ABOUT - NEW ENERGY AND FUEL About. Welcome to newenergyandfuel.com’s about page. The site’s mission is to inform, stimulate, amuse and abuse the news and views across the emerging field of energy and fuels in our future. Here you will find the most exciting and useful news, guides and tips for making and saving money in energy and fuel, just how things work ornot
NEWS & VIEWS FOR MAKING & SAVING MONEY IN ENERGY AND FUEL Sebastian Sterl, energy planning expert at Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and KU Leuven in Belgium and lead author of the study, published in Nature Energy said, “Our results call for integrated hydro-solar-wind planning to be taken up in the GERD negotiations.”.The mega
A FUSION DIAGNOSTIC TOOL REVIEW FOR THE PAST 60 YEARS A review paper examines the 6-decade history of neutral particle analysis (NPA), a vital diagnostic tool used in magnetic plasma confinement devices such as tokamaks that will house the nuclear fusion process and generate the clean energy of the future.. As the world’s energy demands grow, so too does growing concern over the environmental impact of power production. HYBRID MATERIAL BRINGS TRANSPORTATION FUEL CELLS CLOSER A team, led by the University of Tokyo in Japan, has developed a hybrid material that effectively transports protons at high temperatures and humidity – two major challenges of prior work. CAN PUMPED HYDRO SYSTEMS WORK AT SMALL SCALE? The principle of pumped-storage hydroelectricity is however little used on a small scale, as in this example, in buildings. With this in mind, the two researchers set out to examine the feasibility and cost effectiveness of such systems. The smallest pumped-storage hydroelectricity system they found was in Greece, but it turned out tobe too
PRIVACY POLICY
New Energy and Fuel takes your privacy seriously. This privacy policy describes what personal information we collect and how we use it. See this privacy policy primer to learn more about privacy policies in general.. Routine Information Collection NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR AIR CONDITIONING New Technology For Air Conditioning. National University of Singapore researchers have pioneered a new water-based air-conditioning system that cools air to as low as 18º C (64.4º F) without using energy-intensive compressors and environmentally harmful chemical refrigerants. This disruptive type of technology could potentiallyreplace the
NEWENERGYANDFUEL.COM JFIF HH C C " } !1A Qa "q 2 #B R $3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w !1 AQ aq "2 B #3R br $4 % &'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? X Rb M8G NEWENERGYANDFUEL.COM JFIF HPhotoshop 3.08BIM , Z %G 114827+0000 7 20111212 XICC_PROFILE HLino mntrRGB XYZ 1acspMSFTIEC sRGB -HP cprt P3desc lwtpt bkpt rXYZ gXYZ , bXYZ @ dmnd Tpdmdd vued NEWS & VIEWS FOR MAKING & SAVING MONEY IN ENERGY AND FUELANTIMATTERBIO GENERATORSBLACKLIGHTCONSERVATIONENERGY FUNDAMENTALSFISSION Sunlight has two main properties that are useful in the design of renewable energy systems. The first is the amount power falling on a fixed area, like the ground or a person’s roof. This quantity varies with the time of day and the season. The second property is the colors or spectrum of the sunlight. ABOUT - NEW ENERGY AND FUEL About. Welcome to newenergyandfuel.com’s about page. The site’s mission is to inform, stimulate, amuse and abuse the news and views across the emerging field of energy and fuels in our future. Here you will find the most exciting and useful news, guides and tips for making and saving money in energy and fuel, just how things work ornot
NEWS & VIEWS FOR MAKING & SAVING MONEY IN ENERGY AND FUEL Sebastian Sterl, energy planning expert at Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and KU Leuven in Belgium and lead author of the study, published in Nature Energy said, “Our results call for integrated hydro-solar-wind planning to be taken up in the GERD negotiations.”.The mega
A FUSION DIAGNOSTIC TOOL REVIEW FOR THE PAST 60 YEARS A review paper examines the 6-decade history of neutral particle analysis (NPA), a vital diagnostic tool used in magnetic plasma confinement devices such as tokamaks that will house the nuclear fusion process and generate the clean energy of the future.. As the world’s energy demands grow, so too does growing concern over the environmental impact of power production. HYBRID MATERIAL BRINGS TRANSPORTATION FUEL CELLS CLOSER A team, led by the University of Tokyo in Japan, has developed a hybrid material that effectively transports protons at high temperatures and humidity – two major challenges of prior work. CAN PUMPED HYDRO SYSTEMS WORK AT SMALL SCALE? The principle of pumped-storage hydroelectricity is however little used on a small scale, as in this example, in buildings. With this in mind, the two researchers set out to examine the feasibility and cost effectiveness of such systems. The smallest pumped-storage hydroelectricity system they found was in Greece, but it turned out tobe too
PRIVACY POLICY
New Energy and Fuel takes your privacy seriously. This privacy policy describes what personal information we collect and how we use it. See this privacy policy primer to learn more about privacy policies in general.. Routine Information Collection NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR AIR CONDITIONING New Technology For Air Conditioning. National University of Singapore researchers have pioneered a new water-based air-conditioning system that cools air to as low as 18º C (64.4º F) without using energy-intensive compressors and environmentally harmful chemical refrigerants. This disruptive type of technology could potentiallyreplace the
NEWENERGYANDFUEL.COM JFIF HH C C " } !1A Qa "q 2 #B R $3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w !1 AQ aq "2 B #3R br $4 % &'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? X Rb M8G NEWENERGYANDFUEL.COM JFIF HPhotoshop 3.08BIM , Z %G 114827+0000 7 20111212 XICC_PROFILE HLino mntrRGB XYZ 1acspMSFTIEC sRGB -HP cprt P3desc lwtpt bkpt rXYZ gXYZ , bXYZ @ dmnd Tpdmdd vued MATERIALS | NEW ENERGY AND FUEL A Tohoku University research team has 3D printed a proton exchange membrane, a critical component of batteries, electrochemical capacitors and fuel cells. HYDROGEN | NEW ENERGY AND FUEL One prospective source of renewable energy is hydrogen gas produced from water with the aid of sunlight. Researchers at Linköping University, Sweden, have developed a material, nanoporous cubic silicon carbide, that exhibits promising properties to capture solar energy and split water for hydrogen gas production.FOSSIL FUELS
North Carolina State University researchers have developed what is, to date, the most efficient means of converting sewage sludge and restaurant grease into natural gas. FUEL CELLS | NEW ENERGY AND FUEL A Pohang University of Science & Technology research team revealed the phase transition and metal ex-solution phenomena to increase the catalytic activity in fuel cells. BATTERIES | NEW ENERGY AND FUEL Brookhaven National Laboratory scientists have identified the primary cause of failure in a state-of-the-art lithium-metal battery, of interest for long-range electric vehicles: electrolyte depletion. Using high-energy x-rays, they followed the cycling-induced changes at thousands of different points across the battery and mapped thevariations
USING THERMAL STORAGE TO MANAGE ENERGY USE Thermal energy storage allows buildings to function like a huge battery by storing thermal energy in novel materials until it can be used later. One example is a heat pump. While electricity is needed initially to create and store the heat, the heat is used later without using additional electricity. In another example, some materials havethe
SOLAR PANELS
Consumers and utility companies have worried for years that solar panels drive up electricity costs for the people who don’t have panels. But Michigan Technological University renewable energy researchers show the opposite is actually true – grid-tied solarphotovoltaic (PV)
NEW CATALYST ALLOWS WOOD TO REPLACE PETROLEUM FOR FEEDSTOCK Researchers used platinum and aluminum compounds to create a catalyst which enables certain chemical reactions to occur more efficientlythan ever before.
PIEZOELECTRICS
A research team has developed a hyper-stretchable elastic-composite energy harvesting device called a nanogenerator. A team led by Professor Keon Jae Lee of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Seoul National University (SNU) have collaborated and demonstrated a facile methodology to obtain a NEW BATTERY TECH MIGHT END ELECTRIC CAR RANGE ANXIETY New Battery Tech Might End Electric Car Range Anxiety. Penn State engineers are looking at lithium iron phosphate batteries that have a range of 250 miles with the ability to charge in 10 minutes. Range anxiety, the fear of running out of power before being able to recharge an electric vehicle, may be a thing of the past.New Energy and Fuel
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BREAKTHROUGH HYDROGEN STORAGE ADSORBENT MATERIAL DESIGNED May 6, 2020 | 1 Comment A Northwestern University research team has designed and synthesized a new material with ultrahigh porosity and surface area for the storage of hydrogen and methane for fuel cell-powered vehicles. These gases are attractive clean energy alternatives to carbon dioxide-producing fossil fuels. Highly porous programmable sponge for clean energy storage. Image Credit: Northwestern University. Click image for the largest view. The material is a type of a metal-organic framework (MOF) that can store significantly more hydrogen and methane than conventional adsorbent materials at much safer pressures and at much lower costs. A one-gram (0.0353 ounce) sample of the material (with a volume of six M&M candies, 3.816 cubic centimeters, or 0.233 cubic inches) has a surface area that would cover 1.3 football fields. Omar K. Farha, who led the research said, “We’ve developed a better onboard storage method for hydrogen and methane gas for next-generation clean energy vehicles. To do this, we used chemical principles to design porous materials with precise atomic arrangement, thereby achieving ultrahigh porosity.” Farha is an associate professor of chemistry in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences. He also is a member of Northwestern’s International Institute forNanotechnology.
Adsorbents are porous solids which bind liquid or gaseous molecules to their surface. Thanks to its nanoscopic pores, the one-gram sample of the Northwestern material has a surface area that would cover 1.3 football fields or 74,880 square feet (6957 square meters). The new material also could be a breakthrough for the gas storage industry at large, Farha said, because many industries and applications require the use of compressed gases such as oxygen, hydrogen, methane and others. The study, combining experiment and molecular simulation has been published by the journal Science. The ultraporous MOFs, named NU-1501, are built from organic molecules and metal ions or clusters which self-assemble to form multidimensional, highly crystalline, porous frameworks. To picture the structure of a MOF, Farha said, envision a set of Tinkertoys in which the metal ions or clusters are the circular or square nodes and the organic molecules are the rods holding the nodes together. Hydrogen- and methane-powered vehicles’ fuel tanks currently require high-pressure compression to operate. The pressure of a hydrogen tank is 300 times greater than the pressure in car tires. Because of hydrogen’s low density, it is expensive to accomplish this pressure, and it also can be unsafe because the gas is highly flammable. Developing new adsorbent materials that can store hydrogen and methane gas onboard vehicles at much lower pressures can help scientists and engineers reach U.S. Department of Energy targets for developing the next generation of clean energy automobiles. To meet these goals, both the size and weight of the onboard fuel tank need to be optimized. The highly porous materials in this study balance both the volumetric (size) and gravimetric (mass) deliverable capacities of hydrogen and methane, bringing researchers one step closer to attaining these targets. Farha said, “We can store tremendous amounts of hydrogen and methane within the pores of the MOFs and deliver them to the engine of the vehicle at lower pressures than needed for current fuel cellvehicles.”
The Northwestern researchers conceived the idea of their MOFs and, in collaboration with computational modelers at the Colorado School of Mines, confirmed that this class of materials is very intriguing. Farha and his team then designed, synthesized and characterized the materials. They also collaborated with scientists at the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) to conduct high-pressure gas sorption experiments. Farha is the lead and corresponding author. Zhijie Chen, a postdoctoral fellow in Farha’s group, is co-first author. Penghao Li, a postdoctoral fellow in the lab of Sir Fraser Stoddart, Board of Trustees Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern, also is a co-first author. Stoddart is an author on the paper. Freshly designed makes for quite an exciting breakthrough. Lower pressure and “huge” volumes of gas make for milestone being reached. Yet the abstract shows working pressures up to 100 bar or 1450 psi. This is not the kind of pressure that will function in today’s amazing polymer fuel tanks convoluted to fit maximum capacity into small spaces. Still, this technology helps immensely as today hydrogen storage solutions can run up to as much as 700 bar or 10,150 psi. But before one gets real excited, be sure to consider the information here, and read the whole thing. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_safety . Yes, the Northwestern team does have a breakthrough, but it is not a solution for making a hydrogen economy. The disappointment is mentioning the application to methane (natural gas), but not providingthose details.
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NEW MATERIAL FOR SPLITTING WATER FOR HYDROGEN FUEL May 5, 2020 | Leave a Comment DOE/Idaho National Laboratory’s researchers have developed a new electrode material for an electrochemical cell that can efficiently convert excess electricity and water into hydrogen. When demand for electricity increases, the electrochemical cell is reversible, converting hydrogen back into electricity for the grid. The hydrogen could also be used as fuel for heat, vehicles or otherapplications.
A new triple-conducting oxide allows protons, oxygen ions and electrons to move through, allowing generation of either hydrogen or electricity through reversible operation in a protonic ceramic electrochemical cell. Image Credit: Idaho National Laboratory. Click image for the largest view. While energy sources such as wind and solar produce emissions-free electricity, they depend on the sun and the wind, so supply doesn’t always meet the demand. Likewise, nuclear power plants operate more efficiently at maximum capacity so that electricity generation can’t be easily ramped up or down to match demand. For decades, energy researchers have tried to solve one big challenge: How do you store excess electricity so it can be released back onto the grid when it’s needed? The results have been published in the journal Nature Communications. Dong Ding, a senior staff engineer/scientist and chemical processing group leader at INL pointed out researchers have long recognized the potential of hydrogen as an energy storage medium. “The energy storage grand challenge, with its diverse research and development needs, gave rise to more opportunities for hydrogen,” said Ding. “We are targeting hydrogen as the energy intermediate to efficiently store energy.” Ding and his colleagues improved one type of electrochemical cell called a protonic ceramic electrochemical cell (PCEC), which uses electricity to split steam into hydrogen and oxygen. But in the past these devices had limitations, especially the fact that they operate at temperatures as high as 800° C (1472° F). The high temperatures require expensive materials and result in faster degradation, making the electrochemical cells cost prohibitive. In the paper, Ding and colleagues describe a new material for the oxygen electrode – the conductor that catalyses or facilitates the water splitting and oxygen reduction reactions simultaneously. Unlike most electrochemical cells, this new material – an oxide of a compound called a perovskite – allows the cell to convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity without additional hydrogen. Previously, Ding and his colleagues developed a 3D mesh like architecture for the electrode that made more surface area available to split the water into hydrogen and oxygen. Together, the two technologies – the 3D mesh electrode and the new electrode material – allowed for self-sustainable, reversible operation at 400 to 600° C (752° to 1112° F). Ding said, “We demonstrated the feasibility of reversible operation of the PCEC at such low temperatures to convert generated hydrogen in hydrolysis mode to electricity, without any external hydrogen supply, in a self-sustaining operation, It’s a big step for high temperatureelectrolysis.”
While past oxygen electrodes conducted only electrons and oxygen ions, the new perovskite is “triple conducting,” Ding said, meaning it conducts electrons, oxygen ions and protons. In practical terms, the triple-conducting electrode means the reaction happens faster and more efficiently, so the operating temperature can be reduced while maintaining good performance. For Ding and his colleagues, the trick was figuring out how to add the element to the perovskite electrode material that would give it the triple-conducting properties – a process called doping. Hanping Ding, a materials scientist and engineer for Idaho National Laboratory’s Chemical Processing Group said, “We successfully demonstrated an effective doping strategy to develop a good triple-conducting oxide, which enables good cell performance at reduced temperatures.” For the future, Dong Ding and his colleagues hope to continue improving the electrochemical cell by combining materials innovation with cutting-edge manufacturing processes so the technology can be used at an industrial scale. Cutting the process kit temperature by near to half is going to greatly reduce the energy input cost as well as take out the noble metal expense. One still has to wonder how the full economic cycle is going to work out. Splitting water to get hydrogen isn’t cheap and has quite a gap to jump for competing with steam reforming hydrogen sourced from natural gas. This technology is getting there, but how close is yet to be revealed. AddThis Sharing Buttons Share to FacebookFacebookShare to TwitterTwitterShare to PrintPrintShare to EmailEmailShare to MoreAddThisAPR
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NEW WORLD RECORD SET FOR A SOLAR CELL April 30, 2020 | Leave a Comment DOE/National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) scientists have fabricated a solar cell with an efficiency of nearly 50%. The six-junction solar cell now holds the world record for the highest solar conversion efficiency at 47.1%, which was measured under concentrated illumination. A variation of the same cell also set the efficiency record under one-sun illumination at 39.2%. Scientists John Geisz (left) and Ryan France fabricated a solar cell that is nearly 50% efficient. Image Credit’ Dennis Schroeder, NREL. Click image for the largest view. John Geisz, a principal scientist in the High-Efficiency Crystalline Photovoltaics Group at NREL and lead author of a new paper on the record-setting cell said, “This device really demonstrates the extraordinary potential of multijunction solar cells.” The paper, “Six-junction III-V solar cells with 47.1% conversion efficiency under 143 suns concentration,” has been published in the journal Nature Energy. Geisz’s co-authors are NREL scientists Ryan France, Kevin Schulte, Myles Steiner, Andrew Norman, Harvey Guthrey, Matthew Young, Tao Song, and Thomas Moriarty. To construct the device, NREL researchers relied on III-V materials – so called because of their position on the periodic table – that have a wide range of light absorption properties. Each of the cell’s six junctions (the photoactive layers) is specially designed to capture light from a specific part of the solar spectrum. The device contains about 140 total layers of various III-V materials to support the performance of these junctions, and yet is three times narrower than a human hair. Due to their highly efficient nature and the cost associated with making them, III-V solar cells are most often used to power satellites, which prize III-V’s unmatched performance. On Earth, however, the six-junction solar cell is well-suited for use in concentrator photovoltaics, said Ryan France, co-author and a scientist in the III-V Multijunctions Group at NREL. “One way to reduce cost is to reduce the required area,” he said, “and you can do that by using a mirror to capture the light and focus the light down to a point. Then you can get away with a hundredth or even a thousandth of the material, compared to a flat-plate silicon cell. You use a lot less semiconductor material by concentrating the light. An additional advantage is that the efficiency goes up as you concentrate the light.” France described the potential for the solar cell to exceed 50% efficiency as “actually very achievable” but that 100% efficiency cannot be reached due to the fundamental limits imposed bythermodynamics.
Geisz said that currently the main research hurdle to topping 50% efficiency is to reduce the resistive barriers inside the cell that impede the flow of current. Meanwhile, he notes that NREL is also heavily engaged in reducing the cost of III-V solar cells, enabling new markets for these highly efficient devices. This is quite an achievement. The old theoretical maximum is long ago history. So far nothing credible has reemerged to assert a limit. Just how efficient solar cells will get is anyone’s guess now as well as the prices we’ll see. Its apt to be quite awhile before this level of technology is a consumer item. But its likely to have trickle downto us over time.
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HIGHLY EFFICIENT AND STABLE DOUBLE LAYER SOLAR CELL April 29, 2020 | Leave a Comment A Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology led international research team has developed a new type of solar cell that can both withstand environmental hazards and is 26.7% efficient in powerconversion.
Solar cells convert light into energy, but they can be inefficient and vulnerable to the environment, degrading with, ironically, too much light or other factors, including moisture and low temperature. The team’s results have been published in Science. The researchers, led by Byungha Shin, a professor from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at KAIST, focused on developing a new class of light-absorbing material, called a wide bandgapperovskite.
Structure for the perovskite-Si tandem solar cell device. Image Credit: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. Click image for the largest view. The material has a highly effective crystal structure that can process the power needs, but it can become problematic when exposed to environmental hazards, such as moisture. Researchers have made some progress increasing the efficiency of solar cells based on perovskite, but the material has greater potential than what has been previouslyachieved.
To achieve better performance, Shin and his team built a double layer solar cell, called a tandem, in which two or more light absorbers are stacked together to better utilize solar energy. To use perovskite in these tandem devices, the scientists modified the material’s optical property, which allows it to absorb a wider range of solar energy. Without the adjustment, the material is not as useful in achieving high performing tandem solar cells. The modification of the optical property of perovskite, however, comes with a penalty – the material becomes hugely vulnerable to the environment, in particular, to light. To counteract the wide bandgap perovskite’s delicate nature, the researchers engineered combinations of molecules composing a two-dimensional layer in the perovskite, stabilizing the solar cells. Shin said, “We developed a high-quality wide bandgap perovskite material and, in combination with silicon solar cells, achieved world-class perovskite-silicon tandem cells.” The development was only possible due to the engineering method, in which the mixing ratio of the molecules building the two-dimensional layer are carefully controlled. In this case, the perovskite material not only improved efficiency of the resulting solar cell but also gained durability, retaining 80% of its initial power conversion capability even after 1,000 hours of continuous illumination. According to Shin this is the first time such a high efficiency has been achieved with a wide bandgap perovskite single layer alone. “Such high-efficiency wide bandgap perovskite is an essential technology for achieving ultra-high efficiency of perovskite-silicon tandem (double layer) solar cells,” Shin said. “The results also show the importance of bandgap matching of upper and lower cells in these tandem solar cells.” Now having stabilized the wide bandgap perovskite material, the researchers are focused on developing even more efficient tandem solar cells that are expected to have more than 30% of power conversion efficiency, something that no one has yet achieved. Shin noted, “Our ultimate goal is to develop ultra-high-efficiency tandem solar cells that contribute to the increase of shared solar energy among all energy sources. We want to contribute to making the planet healthier.” The tandem idea isn’t new but making it work well is quite unusual. Here it works and works with an fresh take on perovskite. Maybe this one has some legs to get out of the lab. By all means the research team has well earned congratulations! AddThis Sharing Buttons Share to FacebookFacebookShare to TwitterTwitterShare to PrintPrintShare to EmailEmailShare to MoreAddThisAPR
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COOL ELECTRONICS AND RECOVER THE HEAT April 28, 2020 | Leave a Comment Researchers reporting in American Chemical Society’s (ACS) NanoLetters have
developed a hydrogel that can both cool down electronics, such as cell phone batteries, and convert their waste heat into electricity. Sometimes using electronic devices for too long with too much power can cause them to overheat, which might slow them down, damage their components or even make them explode or catch fire. A new hydrogel can cool off electronics and generate electricity from their waste heat. Scale bar, 2 cm. Image Credit: ACS Nano Letters. Click image for the largest view. Some components of electronic devices, including batteries, light-emitting diodes LEDs and computer microprocessors, generate heat during operation. Overheating can reduce the efficiency, reliability and lifespan of devices, in addition to wasting energy. Xuejiao Hu, Kang Liu, at Wuhan University and Jun Chen at UCLA and colleagues wanted to design a smart thermogalvanic hydrogel that could convert waste heat into electricity, while also lowering the temperature of the device. Until now, scientists have developed devices that can do one or the other, but not both simultaneously. As explained in the press release at ACS the team made a hydrogel consisting of a polyacrylamide framework infused with water and specific ions. When they heated the hydrogel, two of the ions (ferricyanide and ferrocyanide) transferred electrons between electrodes, generating electricity. Meanwhile, water inside the hydrogel evaporated, cooling it. After use, the hydrogel regenerated itself by absorbing water from the surrounding air. To demonstrate the new material, the researchers attached it to a cell phone battery during fast discharging. Some of the waste heat was converted into 5 μW (micro watts) of electricity, and the temperature of the battery decreased by 20° C at the discharging rate of 2.2 C. The reduced working temperature ensures safe operation of the battery, and the electricity harvested is sufficient for monitoring the battery or controlling the coolingsystem.
This is really a new thing! Its quite an innovative idea implemented successfully with an astonishing result. One can be sure this paper is getting noticed. Moreover, this is an early lab result and there will quite likely be many who seek to improve on this result in hopes of getting to industrial applications or even consumer applications. Now someone is sure to come up with a closed system on the water side that would make for a very long lasting cooler. AddThis Sharing Buttons Share to FacebookFacebookShare to TwitterTwitterShare to PrintPrintShare to EmailEmailShare to MoreAddThis*
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