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POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE LANGUAGE OF STAMPS Sometimes the language became more articulated, and expressed the shades of emotions not by turning one stamp, but through the relations of two stamps, such as in the following English and German cards. In the simplest version, which related to the “real” language of stamps in the same way as a blank to a handwritten letter, one could underline the convenient message attached to the stamps POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: A BORDER TRIP From my Prague scholarship, granted by Agosto Foundation for Modern Art, I choose an unfamiliar route home to Berlin. On the way, I would like to see the Pravčická brána or Prebischtor, the largest natural stone arch in Europe, on the Czech-German border, in the Saxon and Czech Swiss sandstone mountains. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2019 Sicily, Magna Graecia of the time, was also called Oenotria, the “land of grapes cultivated on stalks”. The quality and reputation of local wines grew rapidly, but the history of today’s Sicilian wines was influenced at least as much by Arabic raisin culture, Normann gastroculture, Etruscan grape varieties, Roman and Carthaginese taste, as today’s marketing trends and Italian cuisine. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG The Skadarlija, Belgrade’s bohemian street, descends from the old town to the suburbs. Its lower end at the market is marked by an Ottoman-style fountain, a copy of the Sebilj at the Sarajevo market, while at the upper end, there is a memorial column, whose long text lists the great kafanas – cafés, music pubs – that worked in the street in the past century, as well as the great poets POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2021 The Czech sergeant, Jaroslav Kalášek was of the same age as the Czechoslovak Air Force: he was born in 1918 and died in 1944. According to the Czech war graves register, he fled to England in 1939, through Hungary and France, that is, together with the Polish army, which, after the coordinated German-Soviet invasion of Poland, was given a free escape route by Hungary, despite the displeasure POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2020 Laboratooriumi Street runs along the still intact city wall in the northern part of Tallinn’s Old Town. On one side there is the wall, and on the other, small houses dating from the Middle Ages to theEclectic period.
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE LANGUAGE OF STAMPS Sometimes the language became more articulated, and expressed the shades of emotions not by turning one stamp, but through the relations of two stamps, such as in the following English and German cards. In the simplest version, which related to the “real” language of stamps in the same way as a blank to a handwritten letter, one could underline the convenient message attached to the stamps POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: A BORDER TRIP From my Prague scholarship, granted by Agosto Foundation for Modern Art, I choose an unfamiliar route home to Berlin. On the way, I would like to see the Pravčická brána or Prebischtor, the largest natural stone arch in Europe, on the Czech-German border, in the Saxon and Czech Swiss sandstone mountains. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2019 Sicily, Magna Graecia of the time, was also called Oenotria, the “land of grapes cultivated on stalks”. The quality and reputation of local wines grew rapidly, but the history of today’s Sicilian wines was influenced at least as much by Arabic raisin culture, Normann gastroculture, Etruscan grape varieties, Roman and Carthaginese taste, as today’s marketing trends and Italian cuisine. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: WARSAW MEMORIES World War II was the first war in which soldiers, especially German soldiers mass-produced private photos. Some appalling series such as the photos of the massacre in Baby Yar or Lubny sometimes raise the suspicion: “where have these hitherto been? why were they found only after all these years?” The reality is that these series are only the tip of the iceberg. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: JUNIO 2021 The Czech sergeant, Jaroslav Kalášek was of the same age as the Czechoslovak Air Force: he was born in 1918 and died in 1944. According to the Czech war graves register, he fled to England in 1939, through Hungary and France, that is, together with the Polish army, which, after the coordinated German-Soviet invasion of Poland, was given free escape route by Hungary, despite the displeasure POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE NAZI ELEPHANT The building marked is the Ugolok Durova Animal Theater. The oblong square to the left is Suvorov Square (before 1917, Catherine Square) with the Catherine Garden along its northern side and the characteristic five-pointed star-shaped building of the Theater of the Soviet Army which can be seen on the photos below. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2007 Earlier I already mentioned that we were preparing ourselves to travel to Český Krumlov, and I have also linked an interactive map of the city with hot points that display detailed information about the historical monuments. In the meantime we have realized our journey, but only now I have time to publish the photos made there as an appetizer for Gergő and his family who are going to travel POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: STROLLER And if the question was raised by a Russian photo, so it was the Russian net where I found the most answers. Among other sources, particularly informative was the stroller history published on Mirabella’s blog, the vintage photo collection of Puzovok as well as the blog of Marinni which has published good selections of photos of ancient baby carriages more than once. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: BLACK PEOPLE IN THE ZOO Black people – and sometimes American natives – were brought since the 16th century by the explorers from the new continents to Europe where they belonged, together with exotic creatures, monkeys, lamas, parrots, to the spectacles of princely courts. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: MAGPIES ON PLUM TREE Of the many winged creatures, the magpie excels not only with its long tail, but also with its name, 喜鹊 xĭquè, meaning “happiness bird”. In fact, its first syllable is identical with 喜 xĭ, “happiness”, attached to the door of every house at the Chinese new year. This is what we see in the opening picture of this post, on the gate of one of Shaxi’s richest houses the Ouyang POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: SHADOWS IN BUCHAREST We have already written, that between the two world wars Bucharest was micul Paris, “little Paris”, the city of luxury and of an exaggerated desire for life. And as usual, light had its shadow: the rural masses who came to try luck in the city, the suburban slums, and the thriving underworld, described by Fănuş Neagu in And the angel cried. And light and shadow were fixed by the camera POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: SANTIAGO DE BAKU I was thinking of writing this post for almost half a year, but besides of being a rather lazy writer, I had also a very busy time with moving back to my hometown Baku from the United States after living there for one year. Santiago de Chile and Baku are separated by 14,769 kilometres of steppes, mountains and deserts, lakes, rivers, seas and vast waters of the Atlantics, various countries and POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: TSARSKOE SELO Branson DeCou’s photo series of Moscow from 1931, presented some days ago, however impressive, is not complete. After checking the complete hitherto digitized material of the University of California’s Library, we have found twice as much photos on DeCou’s Russian travel. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG The Skadarlija, Belgrade’s bohemian street, descends from the old town to the suburbs. Its lower end at the market is marked by an Ottoman-style fountain, a copy of the Sebilj at the Sarajevo market, while at the upper end, there is a memorial column, whose long text lists the great kafanas – cafés, music pubs – that worked in the street in the past century, as well as the great poets POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: A BORDER TRIP From my Prague scholarship, granted by Agosto Foundation for Modern Art, I choose an unfamiliar route home to Berlin. On the way, I would like to see the Pravčická brána or Prebischtor, the largest natural stone arch in Europe, on the Czech-German border, in the Saxon and Czech Swiss sandstone mountains. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2019 Sicily, Magna Graecia of the time, was also called Oenotria, the “land of grapes cultivated on stalks”. The quality and reputation of local wines grew rapidly, but the history of today’s Sicilian wines was influenced at least as much by Arabic raisin culture, Normann gastroculture, Etruscan grape varieties, Roman and Carthaginese taste, as today’s marketing trends and Italian cuisine. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: A BREWERY ON THE SKADARLIJA The Skadarlija, Belgrade’s bohemian street, descends from the old town to the suburbs. Its lower end at the market is marked by an Ottoman-style fountain, a copy of the Sebilj at the Sarajevo market, while at the upper end, there is a memorial column, whose long text lists the great kafanas – cafés, music pubs – that worked in the street in the past century, as well as the great poets POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: JUNIO 2021 The Czech sergeant, Jaroslav Kalášek was of the same age as the Czechoslovak Air Force: he was born in 1918 and died in 1944. According to the Czech war graves register, he fled to England in 1939, through Hungary and France, that is, together with the Polish army, which, after the coordinated German-Soviet invasion of Poland, was given free escape route by Hungary, despite the displeasure POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: MAGPIES ON PLUM TREE Xu Beihong: Magpies on blossoming plum tree. The “bird-on-flower” genre, one of the most important topoi of Chinese painting, was developed in the 10th century, during the Five Dinasties (907-960). Its greatest master was Huang Quan (黃筌, 903-965) from Sichuan, and it is in his famous “catalog painting” that we find the firstChinese
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2012 And once the thrice blessed Reb Burech checked in Río Wang at the end of the year, let him say a threefold blessing for the coming year. The first one is the original Yiddish-language version of the Lechaim also included in the Fiddler on the Roof, performed in the 60s by the Barry Sisters, founders of the “Yiddish swing”. The second is Trinkt Lechaim! – as Reb Burech does it – from POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: STROLLER And if the question was raised by a Russian photo, so it was the Russian net where I found the most answers. Among other sources, particularly informative was the stroller history published on Mirabella’s blog, the vintage photo collection of Puzovok as well as the blog of Marinni which has published good selections of photos of ancient baby carriages more than once. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: SHADOWS IN BUCHAREST Shadows in Bucharest. We have already written, that between the two world wars Bucharest was micul Paris, “little Paris”, the city of luxury and of an exaggerated desire for life. And as usual, light had its shadow: the rural masses who came to try luck in the city, the suburban slums, and the thriving underworld, described by FănuşNeagu
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2016 On June 24, Midsummer Night, that is, the day of St. John the Baptist we saw some little-known depictions of the saint: the two-headed John and the angel-winged John, the latter sometimes with a cup in the hand, in which the child Jesus is floating. Today, on the feast of St. John the Evangelist, we want to introduce a similar representation of this John, where he blesses the cup in his hand POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG The Skadarlija, Belgrade’s bohemian street, descends from the old town to the suburbs. Its lower end at the market is marked by an Ottoman-style fountain, a copy of the Sebilj at the Sarajevo market, while at the upper end, there is a memorial column, whose long text lists the great kafanas – cafés, music pubs – that worked in the street in the past century, as well as the great poets POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: A BORDER TRIP From my Prague scholarship, granted by Agosto Foundation for Modern Art, I choose an unfamiliar route home to Berlin. On the way, I would like to see the Pravčická brána or Prebischtor, the largest natural stone arch in Europe, on the Czech-German border, in the Saxon and Czech Swiss sandstone mountains. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2019 Sicily, Magna Graecia of the time, was also called Oenotria, the “land of grapes cultivated on stalks”. The quality and reputation of local wines grew rapidly, but the history of today’s Sicilian wines was influenced at least as much by Arabic raisin culture, Normann gastroculture, Etruscan grape varieties, Roman and Carthaginese taste, as today’s marketing trends and Italian cuisine. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: A BREWERY ON THE SKADARLIJA The Skadarlija, Belgrade’s bohemian street, descends from the old town to the suburbs. Its lower end at the market is marked by an Ottoman-style fountain, a copy of the Sebilj at the Sarajevo market, while at the upper end, there is a memorial column, whose long text lists the great kafanas – cafés, music pubs – that worked in the street in the past century, as well as the great poets POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: JUNIO 2021 The Czech sergeant, Jaroslav Kalášek was of the same age as the Czechoslovak Air Force: he was born in 1918 and died in 1944. According to the Czech war graves register, he fled to England in 1939, through Hungary and France, that is, together with the Polish army, which, after the coordinated German-Soviet invasion of Poland, was given free escape route by Hungary, despite the displeasure POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: MAGPIES ON PLUM TREE Xu Beihong: Magpies on blossoming plum tree. The “bird-on-flower” genre, one of the most important topoi of Chinese painting, was developed in the 10th century, during the Five Dinasties (907-960). Its greatest master was Huang Quan (黃筌, 903-965) from Sichuan, and it is in his famous “catalog painting” that we find the firstChinese
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2012 And once the thrice blessed Reb Burech checked in Río Wang at the end of the year, let him say a threefold blessing for the coming year. The first one is the original Yiddish-language version of the Lechaim also included in the Fiddler on the Roof, performed in the 60s by the Barry Sisters, founders of the “Yiddish swing”. The second is Trinkt Lechaim! – as Reb Burech does it – from POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: STROLLER And if the question was raised by a Russian photo, so it was the Russian net where I found the most answers. Among other sources, particularly informative was the stroller history published on Mirabella’s blog, the vintage photo collection of Puzovok as well as the blog of Marinni which has published good selections of photos of ancient baby carriages more than once. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: SHADOWS IN BUCHAREST Shadows in Bucharest. We have already written, that between the two world wars Bucharest was micul Paris, “little Paris”, the city of luxury and of an exaggerated desire for life. And as usual, light had its shadow: the rural masses who came to try luck in the city, the suburban slums, and the thriving underworld, described by FănuşNeagu
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2016 On June 24, Midsummer Night, that is, the day of St. John the Baptist we saw some little-known depictions of the saint: the two-headed John and the angel-winged John, the latter sometimes with a cup in the hand, in which the child Jesus is floating. Today, on the feast of St. John the Evangelist, we want to introduce a similar representation of this John, where he blesses the cup in his hand POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: JUNIO 2021 The Czech sergeant, Jaroslav Kalášek was of the same age as the Czechoslovak Air Force: he was born in 1918 and died in 1944. According to the Czech war graves register, he fled to England in 1939, through Hungary and France, that is, together with the Polish army, which, after the coordinated German-Soviet invasion of Poland, was given free escape route by Hungary, despite the displeasure POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE LANGUAGE OF STAMPS Poemas del río Wang: The language of stamps. Raimundo de Madrazo y Garreta (1841-1920): Untitled. “Everyone knows that there is a language of the stamps, which is related to the language of the flowers as the Morse-code to the written alphabet.”. Walter Benjamin: Einbahnstrasse (1928) POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: BLACK PEOPLE IN THE ZOO Black people from Somalia in the zoo of Basel, 1930. Black people – and sometimes American natives – were brought since the 16th century by the explorers from the new continents to Europe where they belonged, together with exotic creatures, monkeys, lamas, parrots, to POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: WARSAW MEMORIES The radio operator Willy Georg from Münster, who was born in 1911 and thus enlisted as an “old soldier”, was an accomplished photographer, and in the army he also supplemented his income by taking pictures of his fellow soldiers with his Leica camera. In the summer of 1941, when their unit was stationed in Warsaw, he was issueda pass by
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: TSARSKOE SELO Map of the Tsarskoe Selo palace complex. The details photographed by DeCou are: 1. Catherine Palace, 3. Cameron Gallery, 6. Grotto, 17. Alexander Palace. Below: The map of the palace complex from 1780 by T. Miller. The residence area was donated by Peter I on 13 June 1710 to his wife, the later Empress Catherine I, of which, as the date of POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: DISSOLVING Dissolving. Nikolai Rerikh: She who holds the world, 1933. (according to the artist, representation of his wife Helena) Ekkehard, Margrave of Meissen and his wife Uta. Statues of founders in the western choir of the Naumburg Cathedral. One of the most important works of German Gothic sculpture, mid-13th c. magyarul. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: SHADOWS IN BUCHAREST Shadows in Bucharest. We have already written, that between the two world wars Bucharest was micul Paris, “little Paris”, the city of luxury and of an exaggerated desire for life. And as usual, light had its shadow: the rural masses who came to try luck in the city, the suburban slums, and the thriving underworld, described by FănuşNeagu
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE NAZI ELEPHANT The building marked is the Ugolok Durova Animal Theater. The oblong square to the left is Suvorov Square (before 1917, Catherine Square) with the Catherine Garden along its northern side and the characteristic five-pointed star-shaped building of the Theater of the Soviet Army which can be seen on the photos below. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: SANTIAGO DE BAKU I was thinking of writing this post for almost half a year, but besides of being a rather lazy writer, I had also a very busy time with moving back to my hometown Baku from the United States after living there for one year. Santiago de Chile and Baku are separated by 14,769 kilometres of steppes, mountains and deserts, lakes, rivers, seas and vast waters of the Atlantics, various countries and POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2007 Earlier I already mentioned that we were preparing ourselves to travel to Český Krumlov, and I have also linked an interactive map of the city with hot points that display detailed information about the historical monuments. In the meantime we have realized our journey, but only now I have time to publish the photos made there as an appetizer for Gergő and his family who are going to travel POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: A BORDER TRIP From my Prague scholarship, granted by Agosto Foundation for Modern Art, I choose an unfamiliar route home to Berlin. On the way, I would like to see the Pravčická brána or Prebischtor, the largest natural stone arch in Europe, on the Czech-German border, in the Saxon and Czech Swiss sandstone mountains. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: A BREWERY ON THE SKADARLIJA The Skadarlija, Belgrade’s bohemian street, descends from the old town to the suburbs. Its lower end at the market is marked by an Ottoman-style fountain, a copy of the Sebilj at the Sarajevo market, while at the upper end, there is a memorial column, whose long text lists the great kafanas – cafés, music pubs – that worked in the street in the past century, as well as the great poets POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2019 Sicily, Magna Graecia of the time, was also called Oenotria, the “land of grapes cultivated on stalks”. The quality and reputation of local wines grew rapidly, but the history of today’s Sicilian wines was influenced at least as much by Arabic raisin culture, Normann gastroculture, Etruscan grape varieties, Roman and Carthaginese taste, as today’s marketing trends and Italian cuisine. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: IN ETERNAL MEMORY Shame! – He got drunk, swore, smashed a tree – he is ashamed to look people in the face (1958, N. Velezheva, N. Kuzovkin) Not a single drop! The poison of moonshine kills the health of the workers. How we eradicate drunkenness – Through school, club and village cultural houses to the victory above drunkenness. – Pioneers! POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: WARSAW MEMORIES The radio operator Willy Georg from Münster, who was born in 1911 and thus enlisted as an “old soldier”, was an accomplished photographer, and in the army he also supplemented his income by taking pictures of his fellow soldiers with his Leica camera. In the summer of 1941, when their unit was stationed in Warsaw, he was issueda pass by
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE HUNGARIAN AND HIS BEAR The Hungarian and his bear. This photo was sent by Wang Wei from the mountains of Cantabria, the valley of the monastery of Liébana where the magical Beatus manuscripts were copied a thousand and three hundred years ago. The picture shows the main square of the town of Potes on the day of the fair, and Wang Wei also photographed it on themain
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: BLACK PEOPLE IN THE ZOO Black people from Somalia in the zoo of Basel, 1930. Black people – and sometimes American natives – were brought since the 16th century by the explorers from the new continents to Europe where they belonged, together with exotic creatures, monkeys, lamas, parrots, to POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: VERITAS FILIA DEI. 3. TIME AND TRUTH Вся тлит время и в конец превращает. Едину истину аки свое племя. Хранит блюдет и открывает время. Time destroys and covers up all, all is decomposed and brought to end by time. Only truth and its offsprings. are conserved, protected and revealed bytime. This poem
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: DANDY HORSE In French it was called draisienne after the name of its inventor, while in English – in the version improved by Denis Johnson in 1818 – hobby-horse or dandy-horse. Johnson’s specification, 1818, printed in 1857 by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode. The prefix of the English name is justified by the large number ofcartoons on
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: JOHANNES HÄHLE: KHARKOV, LUBNY, BABY YAR Johannes Hähle: Kharkov, Lubny, Baby Yar. Ten photos have been published in these days on the Russian net, on several sites within a short time, ten rather faded color photos from October 1941, on the Baby Yar mass murder, two weeks before the seventieth anniversary of Baby Yar. True, Baby Yar cannot be linked to just one single date. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: A BORDER TRIP From my Prague scholarship, granted by Agosto Foundation for Modern Art, I choose an unfamiliar route home to Berlin. On the way, I would like to see the Pravčická brána or Prebischtor, the largest natural stone arch in Europe, on the Czech-German border, in the Saxon and Czech Swiss sandstone mountains. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: A BREWERY ON THE SKADARLIJA The Skadarlija, Belgrade’s bohemian street, descends from the old town to the suburbs. Its lower end at the market is marked by an Ottoman-style fountain, a copy of the Sebilj at the Sarajevo market, while at the upper end, there is a memorial column, whose long text lists the great kafanas – cafés, music pubs – that worked in the street in the past century, as well as the great poets POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2019 Sicily, Magna Graecia of the time, was also called Oenotria, the “land of grapes cultivated on stalks”. The quality and reputation of local wines grew rapidly, but the history of today’s Sicilian wines was influenced at least as much by Arabic raisin culture, Normann gastroculture, Etruscan grape varieties, Roman and Carthaginese taste, as today’s marketing trends and Italian cuisine. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: IN ETERNAL MEMORY Shame! – He got drunk, swore, smashed a tree – he is ashamed to look people in the face (1958, N. Velezheva, N. Kuzovkin) Not a single drop! The poison of moonshine kills the health of the workers. How we eradicate drunkenness – Through school, club and village cultural houses to the victory above drunkenness. – Pioneers! POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: WARSAW MEMORIES The radio operator Willy Georg from Münster, who was born in 1911 and thus enlisted as an “old soldier”, was an accomplished photographer, and in the army he also supplemented his income by taking pictures of his fellow soldiers with his Leica camera. In the summer of 1941, when their unit was stationed in Warsaw, he was issueda pass by
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE HUNGARIAN AND HIS BEAR The Hungarian and his bear. This photo was sent by Wang Wei from the mountains of Cantabria, the valley of the monastery of Liébana where the magical Beatus manuscripts were copied a thousand and three hundred years ago. The picture shows the main square of the town of Potes on the day of the fair, and Wang Wei also photographed it on themain
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: BLACK PEOPLE IN THE ZOO Black people from Somalia in the zoo of Basel, 1930. Black people – and sometimes American natives – were brought since the 16th century by the explorers from the new continents to Europe where they belonged, together with exotic creatures, monkeys, lamas, parrots, to POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: VERITAS FILIA DEI. 3. TIME AND TRUTH Вся тлит время и в конец превращает. Едину истину аки свое племя. Хранит блюдет и открывает время. Time destroys and covers up all, all is decomposed and brought to end by time. Only truth and its offsprings. are conserved, protected and revealed bytime. This poem
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: DANDY HORSE In French it was called draisienne after the name of its inventor, while in English – in the version improved by Denis Johnson in 1818 – hobby-horse or dandy-horse. Johnson’s specification, 1818, printed in 1857 by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode. The prefix of the English name is justified by the large number ofcartoons on
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: JOHANNES HÄHLE: KHARKOV, LUBNY, BABY YAR Johannes Hähle: Kharkov, Lubny, Baby Yar. Ten photos have been published in these days on the Russian net, on several sites within a short time, ten rather faded color photos from October 1941, on the Baby Yar mass murder, two weeks before the seventieth anniversary of Baby Yar. True, Baby Yar cannot be linked to just one single date. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG The Skadarlija, Belgrade’s bohemian street, descends from the old town to the suburbs. Its lower end at the market is marked by an Ottoman-style fountain, a copy of the Sebilj at the Sarajevo market, while at the upper end, there is a memorial column, whose long text lists the great kafanas – cafés, music pubs – that worked in the street in the past century, as well as the great poets POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: JUNIO 2021 The Czech sergeant, Jaroslav Kalášek was of the same age as the Czechoslovak Air Force: he was born in 1918 and died in 1944. According to the Czech war graves register, he fled to England in 1939, through Hungary and France, that is, together with the Polish army, which, after the coordinated German-Soviet invasion of Poland, was given free escape route by Hungary, despite the displeasure POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2019 Sicily, Magna Graecia of the time, was also called Oenotria, the “land of grapes cultivated on stalks”. The quality and reputation of local wines grew rapidly, but the history of today’s Sicilian wines was influenced at least as much by Arabic raisin culture, Normann gastroculture, Etruscan grape varieties, Roman and Carthaginese taste, as today’s marketing trends and Italian cuisine. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE LITHUANIAN SCHOOL A few months ago opened in Moscow the photo exhibition “The Lithuanian school. Western photography in the Soviet Union”. The title refers to the famous exhibition organized by a group of young Lithuanian photographers in 1969 in the Moscow House of Journalists, which astonished the Russians with its fresh and free vision and immediately created the term of the “Lithuanian school”. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: DISSOLVING Dissolving. Nikolai Rerikh: She who holds the world, 1933. (according to the artist, representation of his wife Helena) Ekkehard, Margrave of Meissen and his wife Uta. Statues of founders in the western choir of the Naumburg Cathedral. One of the most important works of German Gothic sculpture, mid-13th c. magyarul. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: TRIANGULAR LETTERS “Concerning the first picture: what a strange way of folding letters!” – writes Effe in his comment to yesterday’s post on contemporary Soviet still life photos. And indeed, already the diamond grid of the folding of the letter on the edge of the table is unusual, but even more unusual is the triangular shape of the letters laying behind it, on the folder. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: WHO WAS ESSAD BEY? In the early 1900s, Azerbaijan satisfied half of the world’s oil demand. Lev’s father, the Ukrainian Ashkenazi Abraham Nussimbaum had made his fortune in the black gold having settled in Baku, a rich and cosmopolitan city at the time, a true pearl of the Caucasus at the Caspian Sea, where Muslims, Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians all lived side by side in the shadow of the glory of the POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: SANTIAGO DE BAKU I was thinking of writing this post for almost half a year, but besides of being a rather lazy writer, I had also a very busy time with moving back to my hometown Baku from the United States after living there for one year. Santiago de Chile and Baku are separated by 14,769 kilometres of steppes, mountains and deserts, lakes, rivers, seas and vast waters of the Atlantics, various countries and POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: MESSINA, 1908 Messina, 1908. Hundred and three years ago, on 28 December 1908 the most powerful ever recorded earthquake in Europe shook the city of Messina in Sicily, and within minutes a twelve-meter tsunami swept across the coast. Almost every building of the city collapsed, burying seventy thousand people under themselves. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: 2016 On June 24, Midsummer Night, that is, the day of St. John the Baptist we saw some little-known depictions of the saint: the two-headed John and the angel-winged John, the latter sometimes with a cup in the hand, in which the child Jesus is floating. Today, on the feast of St. John the Evangelist, we want to introduce a similar representation of this John, where he blesses the cup in his hand POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: A BREWERY ON THE SKADARLIJA The Skadarlija, Belgrade’s bohemian street, descends from the old town to the suburbs. Its lower end at the market is marked by an Ottoman-style fountain, a copy of the Sebilj at the Sarajevo market, while at the upper end, there is a memorial column, whose long text lists the great kafanas – cafés, music pubs – that worked in the street in the past century, as well as the great poets POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: IN ETERNAL MEMORY Shame! – He got drunk, swore, smashed a tree – he is ashamed to look people in the face (1958, N. Velezheva, N. Kuzovkin) Not a single drop! The poison of moonshine kills the health of the workers. How we eradicate drunkenness – Through school, club and village cultural houses to the victory above drunkenness. – Pioneers! POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE HUNGARIAN AND HIS BEAR The Hungarian and his bear. This photo was sent by Wang Wei from the mountains of Cantabria, the valley of the monastery of Liébana where the magical Beatus manuscripts were copied a thousand and three hundred years ago. The picture shows the main square of the town of Potes on the day of the fair, and Wang Wei also photographed it on themain
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: WARSAW MEMORIES The radio operator Willy Georg from Münster, who was born in 1911 and thus enlisted as an “old soldier”, was an accomplished photographer, and in the army he also supplemented his income by taking pictures of his fellow soldiers with his Leica camera. In the summer of 1941, when their unit was stationed in Warsaw, he was issueda pass by
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: BLACK PEOPLE IN THE ZOO Black people from Somalia in the zoo of Basel, 1930. Black people – and sometimes American natives – were brought since the 16th century by the explorers from the new continents to Europe where they belonged, together with exotic creatures, monkeys, lamas, parrots, to POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: VERITAS FILIA DEI. 3. TIME AND TRUTH Вся тлит время и в конец превращает. Едину истину аки свое племя. Хранит блюдет и открывает время. Time destroys and covers up all, all is decomposed and brought to end by time. Only truth and its offsprings. are conserved, protected and revealed bytime. This poem
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: SANTIAGO DE BAKU I was thinking of writing this post for almost half a year, but besides of being a rather lazy writer, I had also a very busy time with moving back to my hometown Baku from the United States after living there for one year. Santiago de Chile and Baku are separated by 14,769 kilometres of steppes, mountains and deserts, lakes, rivers, seas and vast waters of the Atlantics, various countries and POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: DANDY HORSE In French it was called draisienne after the name of its inventor, while in English – in the version improved by Denis Johnson in 1818 – hobby-horse or dandy-horse. Johnson’s specification, 1818, printed in 1857 by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode. The prefix of the English name is justified by the large number ofcartoons on
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: JOHANNES HÄHLE: KHARKOV, LUBNY, BABY YAR Johannes Hähle: Kharkov, Lubny, Baby Yar. Ten photos have been published in these days on the Russian net, on several sites within a short time, ten rather faded color photos from October 1941, on the Baby Yar mass murder, two weeks before the seventieth anniversary of Baby Yar. True, Baby Yar cannot be linked to just one single date. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE PHOTOS OF MENACHEM KIPNIS The High Synagogue of Cracow was built in the late 16th century, according to some authors between 1556 and 1563, and it most certainly existed in 1597. Its name comes from the fact that the prayer hall was not built on the ground floor but one level higher, like in the 16th-century High Synagogue of Prague, and thus this is the highest synagogue among the dozen existing ones in Cracow. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: A BREWERY ON THE SKADARLIJA The Skadarlija, Belgrade’s bohemian street, descends from the old town to the suburbs. Its lower end at the market is marked by an Ottoman-style fountain, a copy of the Sebilj at the Sarajevo market, while at the upper end, there is a memorial column, whose long text lists the great kafanas – cafés, music pubs – that worked in the street in the past century, as well as the great poets POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: IN ETERNAL MEMORY Shame! – He got drunk, swore, smashed a tree – he is ashamed to look people in the face (1958, N. Velezheva, N. Kuzovkin) Not a single drop! The poison of moonshine kills the health of the workers. How we eradicate drunkenness – Through school, club and village cultural houses to the victory above drunkenness. – Pioneers! POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE HUNGARIAN AND HIS BEAR The Hungarian and his bear. This photo was sent by Wang Wei from the mountains of Cantabria, the valley of the monastery of Liébana where the magical Beatus manuscripts were copied a thousand and three hundred years ago. The picture shows the main square of the town of Potes on the day of the fair, and Wang Wei also photographed it on themain
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: WARSAW MEMORIES The radio operator Willy Georg from Münster, who was born in 1911 and thus enlisted as an “old soldier”, was an accomplished photographer, and in the army he also supplemented his income by taking pictures of his fellow soldiers with his Leica camera. In the summer of 1941, when their unit was stationed in Warsaw, he was issueda pass by
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: BLACK PEOPLE IN THE ZOO Black people from Somalia in the zoo of Basel, 1930. Black people – and sometimes American natives – were brought since the 16th century by the explorers from the new continents to Europe where they belonged, together with exotic creatures, monkeys, lamas, parrots, to POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: VERITAS FILIA DEI. 3. TIME AND TRUTH Вся тлит время и в конец превращает. Едину истину аки свое племя. Хранит блюдет и открывает время. Time destroys and covers up all, all is decomposed and brought to end by time. Only truth and its offsprings. are conserved, protected and revealed bytime. This poem
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: SANTIAGO DE BAKU I was thinking of writing this post for almost half a year, but besides of being a rather lazy writer, I had also a very busy time with moving back to my hometown Baku from the United States after living there for one year. Santiago de Chile and Baku are separated by 14,769 kilometres of steppes, mountains and deserts, lakes, rivers, seas and vast waters of the Atlantics, various countries and POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: DANDY HORSE In French it was called draisienne after the name of its inventor, while in English – in the version improved by Denis Johnson in 1818 – hobby-horse or dandy-horse. Johnson’s specification, 1818, printed in 1857 by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode. The prefix of the English name is justified by the large number ofcartoons on
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: JOHANNES HÄHLE: KHARKOV, LUBNY, BABY YAR Johannes Hähle: Kharkov, Lubny, Baby Yar. Ten photos have been published in these days on the Russian net, on several sites within a short time, ten rather faded color photos from October 1941, on the Baby Yar mass murder, two weeks before the seventieth anniversary of Baby Yar. True, Baby Yar cannot be linked to just one single date. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE PHOTOS OF MENACHEM KIPNIS The High Synagogue of Cracow was built in the late 16th century, according to some authors between 1556 and 1563, and it most certainly existed in 1597. Its name comes from the fact that the prayer hall was not built on the ground floor but one level higher, like in the 16th-century High Synagogue of Prague, and thus this is the highest synagogue among the dozen existing ones in Cracow. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: WORLD HISTORY IN LOCAL VIEW In Erzsébet street 79. In the daytime in the cellar, and in the night in a bunker my father made in the courtyard. The first bombing in Pest was on 2 June 1944. It had two victims from Csömör as well, István Ördög and János Kovács. From then on there was a continuous bombing: in the daytime American planes at the hight of 9-10 thousand POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE LITHUANIAN SCHOOL A few months ago opened in Moscow the photo exhibition “The Lithuanian school. Western photography in the Soviet Union”. The title refers to the famous exhibition organized by a group of young Lithuanian photographers in 1969 in the Moscow House of Journalists, which astonished the Russians with its fresh and free vision and immediately created the term of the “Lithuanian school”. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: ROMANIAN: FULL STEAM Hungary regained Northern Transylvania by the authority of the Second Vienna Award on 30 August 1940. This region had 1 million 344 thousandHungarian and
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: A SHTETL TOUR IN GALICIA In Jonathan Safran Foer’s acclaimed book and movie Everything is illuminated, a small Odessa travel agency, a family-run company operating with one trabant undertakes the task of leading American Jews, searching for their Galician roots, to the former shtetls of their grandparents.The trabant, starting at the Lviv train station, soon turns off the highway onto a dirt road. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE NAZI ELEPHANT The building marked is the Ugolok Durova Animal Theater. The oblong square to the left is Suvorov Square (before 1917, Catherine Square) with the Catherine Garden along its northern side and the characteristic five-pointed star-shaped building of the Theater of the Soviet Army which can be seen on the photos below. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: TRIANGULAR LETTERS “Concerning the first picture: what a strange way of folding letters!” – writes Effe in his comment to yesterday’s post on contemporary Soviet still life photos. And indeed, already the diamond grid of the folding of the letter on the edge of the table is unusual, but even more unusual is the triangular shape of the letters laying behind it, on the folder. POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: WHO WAS ESSAD BEY? From the photo collection great.az. During the 30s of the last century, the fame of the mysterious “Azerbaijani prince” Essad Bey, author of several volumes translated to many languages and friend of renowned intellectuals of the time spread all over Europe and the world. Yet, despite the fact that his name, now almost forgotten inthe West
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: BÉLA BARTÓK: ROMANIAN FOLK DANCES Based on the material collected, in 1915 he composed the piano piece Romanian folk dances, which he dedicated to his friend in Belényes. In 1917 he also arranged it for orchestra, and in 1925 Zoltán Székely made of it a highly successful transcription for violin and piano. The only five or six minutes long piece consists of sixmovements
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: SHADOWS IN BUCHAREST Shadows in Bucharest. We have already written, that between the two world wars Bucharest was micul Paris, “little Paris”, the city of luxury and of an exaggerated desire for life. And as usual, light had its shadow: the rural masses who came to try luck in the city, the suburban slums, and the thriving underworld, described by FănuşNeagu
POEMAS DEL RÍO WANG: THE PHOTOS OF MENACHEM KIPNIS The High Synagogue of Cracow was built in the late 16th century, according to some authors between 1556 and 1563, and it most certainly existed in 1597. Its name comes from the fact that the prayer hall was not built on the ground floor but one level higher, like in the 16th-century High Synagogue of Prague, and thus this is the highest synagogue among the dozen existing ones in Cracow. skip to main | skip to sidebar SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA, MINUTE BY MINUTEThe upper reach of
Euphrates. In the foreground, the Armenian Plateau, in the background, the Nimrud Mountain and the Southeastern Taurus range The adventures begin in Budapest. I arrive late at the airport, the Turkish check-in closed an hour before departure. I go up to the office of Turkish Airlines to buy a new ticket to Istanbul in the afternoon. “What is your final destination?” “Diyarbakır.” “What, Iraq?” the Hungarian clerk asks with trepidation. “No, Diyarbakır. Kurdistan.” The Turkish office manager, with a head like an egg, who nests in the depths of the office like a sleepy owl, pushes his head forward. From the front, it is also regular like an egg. “Diyarbakır is in Turkey, not in Kurdistan”, he says. And I had been gentle on him, since I could also have called it WestArmenia.
It is due to this messy terminology that this post gets such a complicated title, and not a short fitting one like our previous minute-by-minutes, Ethiopia,Armenia,
Iran,
Odessa
or
the Berlin Wall.
Diyarbakır’s old town is encircled by a wall erected of huge basalt blocks, with four gates and several bastions, which here proved very necessary. The city was known by the Assyrians as Amida, as it also is by its shrinking modern Christian Assyrian population. This name was first read on the blade of an Assyrian sword, which the city, in spite of its walls, has thoroughly come to know. Its most famous siege is reported in detail by Ammianus Marcellinus, who himself was among the Roman defenders when, in 395 AD, the Persians occupied the city. Then, in 1895 and 1915, the state itself put the sword to its own citizens. The 70,000 Armenians living in and around Diyarbakır were completely massacred, and a few of the Christian Syriacs survived only because they rose up in armed confrontation with the Turkish army and Kurdish marauders. And one hundred years later, Kurdish rebels were bombed here by the Turkish army. In the 1930s, the city began to demolish the walls and open the narrow streets of Diyarbakır to the world. However, after blasting and clearing some six hundred meters of the tough basalt blocks, fatigue set in, and they simply left it in that state. The area between the zigzag line of the bastions and the straight highway is today a park, where a large part of the inhabitants picnic throughout the day. To the south, around Mardin Gate, there is even a liquor store – a rarity here, in the conservative East –, where we buy some bottledbeer and join them.
Kurdish boys and girls play together, the girls usually without headscarves The center of the old town’s north-south main street is Hasan Paşa Hanı, the large caravanserai built in 1572. Everyone who moves around the city pops in here eventually, not spending all day sitting in front of his usual café. The lower level has an excellent Kurdish restaurant; the courtyard and the galleries have cafés, pastry, antique and jewellery shops. In front of one, we are greeted by a young salesman, Hüseyn. His shop has been in the same family for one and half century. They sell both antique pieces and works of modern silversmiths. Diyarbakır has been the center of Armenian and Syriac silver work for centuries, and today’s Kurdish masters carry on their traditions. Hüseyn also sprinkles out some antique coins from a silver box onto the display case. These have been found out in the land by peasants and nomads. Others will also report about such findings later. Their multitude indicates how lively the trade could have been on the frontier of the empire. Hüseyn’s silver coin container is of Yezidi origin: a peacock angel is engraved on the bottom. The Yezidi Kurds – who have recently become widely known as one of the main targets of ISIS – live in and around North Iraq, including Southeastern Anatolia, and follow a late version of the Zoroastrian religion of Iran. They believe that God entrusted Melek Tawus, the Peacock Angel, the leader of the seven archangels, with the rule of the world. His figure is the supreme symbol of the Yezidi Kurds, and they carve it on their houses and graves, as we will see later. Another bird from Hüseyn’s collection is the owl of Athens. Minerva’s sacred animal adorned the silver tetradrachma during the greatness of Athens for almost a hundred years, from the victory over the Persians at Plataia (479 BC) to the defeat by the Spartans (406 BC). The coin was a symbol of Athens’ wealth and influence, and the popular proverb γλαῦκ' εἰς Ἀθήνας, _“to bring owls to Athens”_, which has an English equivalent in _“carrying coals to Newcastle”, _suggesting that the bringer has brought something unneeded to a place where it is abundant_._ Because of its constant silver content and its long circulation period, the tetradrachma has become the most important international currency of antiquity, the ancient dollar. Whether this owl came here, to Amida, the heart of the then Persian empire, in a merchant’s, a mercenary’s or a spy’s clothes, we will never know. I have already writtenthat
_aşık_s, Anatolian wandering singers were regular guests of the turn-of-the-century cafés in Istanbul. They’ve long since disappeared from Istanbul, but I have read that they can still be met in Eastern Anatolian cities. I ask Hüseyn about them, who directs us to the _dengbêj_s. The _dengbêj_s are the Kurdish equivalent of _aşık_s, wandering singers performing long epics, folk songs and their own compositions. They have regular performing evenings and competitions. In 2007, the Dengbêj House was established in Diyarbakır with EU support, where some well-known _dengbêj_s perform every afternoon, and they are listened to, recorded in video and interviewed by a knowledgeable audience, including several women and children. The scene in a traditional merchant’s house in the old town resembles a cellar club, with masters and spectators coming and going, chatting between two songs, sipping tea. As we, guests from the far West, enter, the masters are waving us by their side. Lloyd sits there to record better, but I’m staying at the door so I can make a video of them from the front. The masters also practice in the courtyard. The old gentleman in the first video is also having tea here, he calls us, chats with us. Four days later we meet him in front of his main street clothing store. He warmly greets us and invites us for a tea. The labyrinth of the Sur, Diyarbakır’s walled old town, with its bustling streets, bazaars, caravanserais, shops, hammams, mosques, and Armenian, Syriac and Greek churches, has evolved over three thousand years. This archaic urban structure suffered three disasters during the past “long century”. The first one came in 1895, when the Ottoman government set fire to the large covered bazaar, where most shops and workshops belonged to the Armenian and Syriac Christian merchants and masters. The second in 1915, when the Armenians were deported, and their churches set on fire. And the third took place in 2015-2016, when the Turkish army ousted the guerrillas of the rising Kurdish Workers’ Party (PKK) in house-to-house combat. By the end of the fighting, the eastern and southern parts of the old town were in ruins. Subsequently, the Turkish state expropriated more than 6,000 properties – including many Christian church properties – in the devastated area, on which they officially claimed to bring about “the reconstruction of the old town”. The building area is enclosed by large barriers, but it is already apparent that modern residential buildings are being erected within it, which have nothing to do with the historic urban structure and buildings. Critics say the purpose ofthe operation
is to displace the ethnic minorities from the old town, by transferring the new flats to a wealthy Turkish middle class. Erdoğan had announced this plan as early as 2011, but at that time it was still possible to stop him with widespread protest. Today, the process has become unstoppable. The following two maps well illustrate the change. The first one is OpenStreetMap, which is updated with community contributions, and is therefore up to date. Here, the eastern and southern parts of the Sur are covered in a uniform brown color, with the label _İnşaat Alanı_ – “Construction site”. There is no trace of any streets, and probably even the mosques and churches – the badly damaged ArmenianCatholic church,
the Chaldean (Syriac Catholic) church, and the Kurşunlu Mosque, converted from an Armenian church –, although still marked on the map, also do not exist any more. The second map, from Google Maps, still shows the situation before the destruction, with a multitude of crowled streets, mosques, and public buildings (it is worth zooming inon the map ).
I have been, and even lived, in cities that had been leveled to the ground by an army. This then became part of the city’s topography and collective memory. But a long time has since passed, the city was rebuilt, and a new structure covered the memory of the old one. However, to come into a city right after its destruction is a shocking experience. Something that was there for centuries or millennia, still in existence only a few years ago, and has even been seen by some of the readers of this blog, I can no longer see. And no new structures have yet been built, to make us forget the previous ones. It may have been like this in post-war Berlin. Or, more fittingly here, in the Hungarian cities after the Turkish conquest. The most tragic fate has fallen to the Armenian church of St. Giragos (Cyriacus) in the south of the Sur (marked with a cross in OpenStreetMap, at the border of the southern construction site), which was destroyed twice within a century. The church was closed after the Genocide of 1915, and used as a textile warehouse, where it was allowed to completely run down. In 2009, some Armenians of Diyarbakır descent created a foundation in Istanbul for its renovation. It reopened in 2011, along with a small Armenian museum, the first among the churches abandoned after the Genocide. In 2015, on the 100th anniversary of the Genocide, it was again the victim of the urban fighting, and its area was later expropriated by the Turkish state. Today it stands in ruins, with bomb craters inside. Immediately at the entrance, like a cheap metaphor, the corpse of a lamb lies rotting ina depression.
St Giragos, after the reconstruction of 2011. From the Wikipedia article about the church Priests preparing for Mass in St. Giragos, 2015. Bryan Denton’s photo for the New YorkTimes
St. Giragos today. In the back to the right, the same sachristy door, as in the previouspicture.
But in the remainder of the Sur, nothing reminds of the former fighting, except for a few ruins and empty plots. Kids – lots of kids – are playing on the streets, mobile fruit and vegetable vendors make good deals (a few lira difference in price matters a lot), Kurdish women are chatting, sitting on the pavement in front of the houses, men are having coffee in front of the several small shops, old houses are being renovated into boutique hotels, hoping for the tourism that will soon start, _inshallah._ Diyarbakır, the southwestern, partly Christian quarter of the old town. Click on the red dots, and enlarge the small pictures The Syriac church rises in the middle of tmishhe Christian quarter like a fortress. It indeed had such a function. During the bloody three-day pogrom of November 1895, thousands of Syriac and Armenian Christians fled here for refuge from the Muslim crowd. It’s not easy to get in even today. Although the sign on the gate says it is open until 6 p.m., we are not lucky at 4. The salesgirl of the opposite Syriac wine and jewelry store also has a try at the gate for us, but no one answers. Upon our return to the town, we find the church open. It is fortified inside as well, with separate courtyards for easier defence. It may have been built in its current state a thousand years ago, from the same black basalt stones as the city walls, but some architectural remains inside suggest that it was converted from a much older pagan temple. Its front porch is that of the early Christian churches, but inside it has a circular plan and skylights, such as those in hammams and bazaars, and the stalactite vault of its altar also imitates a mosque. On the other hand, the icons around the walls show the influence of European Baroque painting, with a strong folk taste. Before Islam, the whole city was Christian, Syriac Orthodox and Armenian. Conversions began with the 7th-century Arab conquest, and then continued with the 16th-century Ottoman conquest. In 1915, most Christians were massacred, and Kurds moved in to take their place. Many of the remaining Christians have emigrated to Europe in recent decades: 80% of Syriac Christians currently live in Sweden. Only a few thousand Syriac Christians remained in Southeastern Anatolia. In Diyarbakır, only four Syriac Orthodox families, totaling ca. 20 persons. They include our guide in the church, a boy still in high school. His elder brothers and sisters have already moved to Germany with their families. He wants to study economics. “Do you also want to leave?” He hesitates. “No, I’ll stay here.” He still hastime to decide.
On the two sides of the sanctuary there are two stone plaques, with the old Syriac Estrangelo script. “Can you read it?” “No, not that one”, he hesitates again, “but this one, yes.” He opens a missal printed in the modern West Syriac Serto script, and starts reading aloud. By the end of the first line, his voice moves over into singing, the usual form of reading aloud. Lloyd begins to silently record it. Unfortunately, the beginning is already lost, but we can still hear the end of the Alleluia introducing the Gospel, and then the Gospel, the word of the Lord, in one of the dialects of the Lord’s mother tongue. The Gospel in Syriac, 9 August 2019. Recording by Lloyd Dunn SYRIACS, ARAMAEANS, SYRIANS. Christian Syriacs, whose traces we now follow in Southeastern Anatolia, are not identical with the Syrians, about whom we hear in the news as Muslim immigrants. The latter are citizens of a country created in 1920 from the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire, and named Syria after the ancient Roman province of the same name. In terms of language and identity, they are predominantly Arab, and they are called Syrians only because of theircitizenship.
Christian Syriacs, however, are not Arabs, but the descendants of a variety of ancient Mesopotamian peoples, who spoke one of the dialects of the Aramean immigrants arriving since the 10th c. BC from the Levant to Mesopotamia. Due to their multitude, this language became official in the New Assyrian Empire, and in its later successors, the Babylonian and Persian empires. Since the Jews, during the Babylonian captivity, changed their original Hebrew language for the related Aramaic, it was easy for the first Christian apostles to missionarize in the areas whose language they spoke: in Mesopotamia and its neighborhood, Anatolia and Persia. Therefore, the local Aramaic-speaking population was among the first to adopt Christianity, and the common religion and liturgical language also created their common ethnic identity. They are therefore called Syriacs on ethnic and religious grounds. The two kinds of Syrian, by citizenship and by ethnic identity, are distinguished with the terms _Syrian_ and _Syriac._ The Syriacs themselves, however, recently started to call themselves _Assyrians,_ partly for the sake of a clearer distinction, and partly for a more coveted pedigree. Not all are descendants of the Assyrian warriors, but they live in roughly the territory of the former Assyrian empire, their language is a close relative of the Assyrian, their name comes, with Greek transmission, from that of the Assyrians, and from the 6th century BC their Aramaic language was the administrative language of the Assyrian and all the subsequent empires. JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN ARAMAIC. Whilst the Syriacs boast an Assyrian pedigree, on the other hand they emphasize that they speak in the mother tongue of Jesus. That is, Jesus spoke Assyrian? Well, the equation is right only with some benevolence. During the Babylonian captivity, the Jews adopted the local Aramaic dialect of the 7th century BC. In this they wrote the Targum, the Torah paraphrased in their Aramaic mother tongue, and Christ also spoke its Nazarene dialect of seven centuries later. (This accent may have been quite strong, for his apostle, Peter in Jerusalem is “betrayed by his speech”, Mt 26:73). The language of the Syriac Christians, however, is based on the 1st-c. AD Aramaic dialect of Edessa (today Urfa), which differs in many respects from “Jewish Aramaic”. Christ, however, would have probably understood it, just as the Arameans of Edessa understood the apostles of Jerusalem. “TRUE BELIEVERS” AND “HERETICS”. Syriac Christianity is divided into several denominations. Their two largest branches were divorced from the Orthodox-Catholic mainstream in 431 and 451, respectively. In 431, the Council of Ephesus condemned the Constantinople theologian Nestorios, who proclaimed that divine and human nature were not united in Christ. Nestorios’s followers fled to the Persian Empire, where they helped the Persian Shah in resolving a serious political dilemma. In fact, the shah had until then provided refuge for the Christians persecuted in the hostile Roman Empire. However, after Christianity became the state religion of Rome in 390, the enemy’s enemies became, in one fell swoop, a fifth column of war. Nestorios’s followers offered that the Syriac Christians in Persia would adopt the formula condemned in Ephesus, and thus remain separate from the Roman Empire’s Christianity. This took place, and the Nestorian Church – or as they call themselves, the Church of the East, or, since 1976, the Assyrian Church of the East –, grew enormous, throughout the Persian empire and beyond, to India and China. They had monasteries on the Silk Road, Marco Polo met an Ossetian Nestorian community in Beijing, the wives of the first great khans were usually Syriac Christians, and in Southern India they still have some ten million followers, called St. Thomas Christians after their first missionary, St. Thomas the Apostle. In 451, the Council of Chalcedon condemned another doctrine, the so-called “Monophysitism”, that is, the “belief in the one essence”, whose followers taught that in Christ the divine essence is so much greater than the human one, that this latter is, so to say, uninteresting, it “dissolves in the former, like a drop of fresh water in the ocean”. The condemnation was not accepted by many local churches, including the Coptic, Ethiopian and Armenian churches, as well as the Syriacs still living in the Roman empire. The latter established the Syriac Orthodox Church, in whose name the “orthodox” is just as ambiguous as “Syriac”. The term, indeed, means “true faith” in Greek. As such, they justifiably use it if they believe their own faith is true, as they obviously do. However, in terms of religious history, “orthodox” refers to those churches – or rather in the singular, to a multi-centered single church –, which adopted the resolutions of all seven major universal councils, and did not fall out at the fourth, and only in 1054 went into schism with the Catholic church. In this sense, the Syriac Orthodox Church isnot orthodox.
In spite of the separation, the Orthodox church has always been in contact with the “Monophysites” (in their own term, “Myaphisites”, that is, “emphasizing one of the two essences”), and today they consider the schism an unfortunate overreaction. Similary, since the age of discoveries, the Catholic church has sought to re-unite with the “Nestorian” church, and they have now adopted a common Christological statement. The part of the Assyrian Church of the East which reunited with the Catholics in several waves from 1522 on, is called, with the recycling of the name of a long gone Aramaic people, the Chaldean Church. It is today headquartered in Baghdad. They have about eight Syriac followers in Diyarbakir, one single family. Their local church was destroyed in2016.
National pride: Syriac wine from Midyat, hallmarked with the Assyrian guardian deity_To be continued_
magyarul
Publicado por Studiolum en 8/06/20190 comentarios
Etiquetas: Anatolia
, Armenian
, coin
, Greek
, Kurdish
, Syriac
, Turkish
, video
, Yezidi
THE QUEEN OF VENICE
Venice is the Queen of the Seas. But does Venice herself have a queen?Yes, she does.
When you inch from the Rialto toward San Marco in the narrow passages, and, next to the church of San Zulian, look down from Ponte dei Bareteri, you read the street name _Fondamenta Morosini della Regina_ – the Queen Morosini’s Quay. The Morosini family is undoubtedly one of the oldest and most prestigious ones in Venice. They belonged to those twelve families, called “apostolic” because of their number,who
first fled from Attila to the lagoons, and who participated in the election of Doge Paoluccio Anafesto (697-717).During the
Serenissima’s existence, they gave four doges, four _dogaresse_ (doge-wives) and twenty-six procurators.“Die
Herzogin von Venedig”, that is, the _dogaressa_ of Venice. “Look carefully at this picture if you want to know, how luxuriously a princess is dressed in Venice, in Italian land, that only a few people know. In German land we do not find such a richly dressed lady.” Jost Amman’s woodcut in _Im Frauwenzimmer Wirt vermeldt von allerley schönen Kleidungen vnnd Trachten der Weiber_(In the boudoir.
About all the beautiful ladies’ clothes and attires in the world),Nuremberg, 1586.
However, one of the members of the Morosini family rose to an even higher rank. The blonde prince virtually rode into the life of Tomasina Morosini on a white horse – or perhaps on a white gondola –, and thus she became _the queen of Hungary._ How did this happen? “When King Andrew II, father of King Bela IV and Prince Kalman, after the death or rather the assassionation of his first wife, crossed the sea to the Holy Land, to victoriously fight for the Lord’s tomb, and he was returning home with glory and honor, he stopped in Italy, where he was received with great hospitality by the Marquis of Este. The Marquis, having learned that the King was a widow, presented him his daughter, of a great beauty. And the King, seeing that she was beautiful and of charming appearance, and since he wanted to find a new wife anyway, married her on the same day, and brought her to Hungary. After the death of King Andrew, this lady, while preparing to return to her parents, summoned the magnates, bishops and archbishops of Hungary, and showed them with obvious signs that she was pregnant with the King’s child. Then she returned to their estate in Este. There, in the house of her father she gave birth to a boy, who was named in baptism Stephen. Stephen went to Venice. There, one of the wealthier and richer citizens, having heard and received proofs that he was the son of the King of Hungary, married him to his daughter. That woman gave birth to a son, who was named Andrew, after his grandfather’s name.” The above narrative of the _Chronicon Pictum_(1358) needs to be
corrected in several details, but it does not change much in the essence of the story. Andrew II led a campaign of the Holy Land not on this occasion (1234), but some fifteen years earlier, in 1217-1218. After his first wife, Gertrude, assassinated by the barons of Hungary, he had had a second one by this time, Jolanta, daughter of Peter of Courtenay, Count of Auxerre and Namour. He got to know his third wife, Beatrix of Este in 1233, shortly after Jolanta’s death, during his pilgrimate to Italy, and married her in 1234 in Hungary. And finally, Beatrix not simply “returned”, but fled back to Este. Andrew’s older sons, the future King Bela IV and Prince Kalman were opposed from the beginning to the new marriage of their sixty-year-old father, and looked suspicious on the pregnancy of his young wife, rumouring that the real father was the baron Dénes of Apold. After the death of Andrew II on 21 September 1235, they put Beatrix under arrest. She, however, escaped to Germany, and in Marburg gave birth to her son, Stephen the Posthumous. Adventurous is the fate of exiled princes. I wonder why no TV series or historical novel was written about the life of Prince Stephen. How was it to be a pretender to a royal throne, to traverse cities and principalities with this card, obtain allies, court to heiresses, put a life on everything or nothing? Prince Stephen grew up in Este, traveled through Spain and the princely courts of the Po plain, Ferrara, Verona, Ravenna, and finally he settled in Venice. Here he won the hand of the daughter of the patrician Michele Morosini, obviously not without the consent of the Grand Council of Venice, who knew how useful a Venetian-friendly Hungarian king would be in a situation where the Serenissima and Hungary were fighting for Dalmatia. Here was born, around 1265, their son Andrew, who, due to the fortunate collusion of the circumstances, and against all odds, came to the Hungarian throne in 1290. In fact, his predecessor, Ladislas IV, Bela IV’s grandson, spent his time in the tents of her Cuman mistresses, and was abhorred of his wife, Anjou Isabel of Naples, so he died without a legal heir. At this time the Hungarian barons turn to the “last golden branch” of the Árpád dynasty, as he is called in his necrolog of 1303, forgotten in Venice. Andrew was brought to Hungary, and crowned king on 23 July 1290.Two
commissioners of Lodomér, Archbishop of Esztergom, bring Prince Andrew to Hungary. _Chronicon Pictum,_ 1358 The haste and the suppression of the doubts concerning the prince’s illegitimate origin were also due to the fact that there was another pretender to the throne of Hungary. Ladislas IV’s sister, Mary was married to the same Anjou family of Naples, from where Ladislas’ wife Isabel came. Her son, Anjou Charles Martell demanded the Hungarian crown on maternal lineage, and his claim was also supported by the Pope. However, the Hungarian barons did not miss a strong ruler of foreign origin, neither an increased influence of the Pope in Hungary. Only the son of Charles Martell, Charles Robert will seize the throne of Hungary in 1308, after the barons, following the death of Andrew III in 1301, tried two other kings of their own choice. No wonder, that under the Hungarian Angevin kings – Charles Robert (1308-1342) and his son Louis (1342-1382), the memory of Andrew III became increasingly negative. After some time he was openly considered illegitimate, and his diplomas were only accepted if Charles Robert also confirmed them.Silver denar
of Andrew III, 1290-1301 But back to Venice. Andrew was still a minor when his father, Prince Stephen the Posthumous died. His mother’s brother, Albertino Morosini assumed his guardianship. Shortly after he went to Hungary in 1290, his mother and uncle followed him at the head of an official Venetian delegation, to congratulate him on his election as king, and to find a definitive solution – of course to the benefit of Venice – to the Dalmatian question. Andrew appointed his mother Princess of Slavonia, and included his uncle into the Hungarian nobility, making him also his heir in 12900. However, after his death in 1301, the Hungarian estates of his mother and uncle were confiscated, and they returned to Venice. According to Donato Contarini’s _Cronaca veneta sino al 1433_ (Cod. 6260, fol. 106v.), preserved in the Nationalbibliothek of Vienna, they built a house near the church of San Zulian, and the queen lived there until her death in 1311: “…Andreas nepote de lo dicto messer Albertin morì et non laso nisun eriede et conuene lo regno uiolentemente in man de realli tirani e prese per maior partido messer Albertin de recondur la sorela et la sua persona a Veniexia con quelle solamente perche la roba li fu tolta et venuto a Veniexia lo dicto messer Albertin el qual era spendidissimo et de degno prosepia esendo la sorela stata regina per honor suo et de la casa sua el feze edificar una posesion in S. Zulian in la ruga driedo le case del monastier de S. Zorzi avanti che se ariva al ponte de le balote et lì abitò la dicta regina in fina che quella uisse et uegniva ciamada quela corte de la regina et cusì se ciamo fino al presente zorno…” “…Andrew, the nephew of said Messer Albertin, died without heir, and his country came into the hands of tyrant kings. Thus, the main concern of Messer Albertin was to lead his sister and himself without any harm back to Venice, since all their estates were confiscated. In Venice, Messer Albertin, who was generous and very proud, since his sister was a queen, built a house to the glory of his family and of himself in the parish of San Zulian, in the street behind the houses of the Saint George Monastery, before the Ponte de le Balote. The Queen lived there until the end of her life, and that house has been called to this day the Queen’s Courtyard…”A relief of
Saint George in the square of the church of San Zulian, at the beginning of the former houses of the Saint George Monastery. The Ponte de le Balote was a wooden bridge until 1725, when it was rebuilt of Istrian stone. Its name comes from the _ballotte,_ the linen ballots used to the election of the doges and other officials, produced in the neighboring Calle de le Balote. The courtyard opening from Fondamenta Morosini della Regina bears the name of Tramontin only since 1743, after the ivory workshop of Zuane Tramontin opened here (under the sign of the Two Elephants); earlier, it might have been the Queen’s Courtyard. This is the house of the Morosini Queen, who was forced to flee from Attila’s country to the land of the Venetians forced by Attila to the lagoons. Perhaps the oldest house of the world that is still standing today, which has a Hungarian connection.Attila,
the scourge of God. 15th-century bronze medal (Budapest, National Museum), and its copy in the above cited Viennese manuscript of Donato Contarini’s _Cronaca veneta sino al 1433_.View from
the Fondamenta Morosini della Regina toward the Armenian church of theHoly Cross
magyarul
Publicado por Studiolum en 4/01/20190
comentarios
Etiquetas: Hungarian, Italian
, Middle Ages
, Venice
SAINT RAPHAEL THE WHALE-SLAYERSt. Raphael’s
icon on the chapel at the bridgehead of the Blue Nile, 19th c.I
have already written that the iconography, that is, the system of representations of the Ethiopian church, living isolated at the edge of the Christian world, had evolved in a separate way, and developed many pictorial formulas that are apocryphal to other Christian churches. Such as the prominent role of the seven archangels in the churchfrescoes. The
Ethiopian monastery churches of Lake Tana are circular wooden constructions, with square-based stone sanctuaries inside. On each of the four sides of the sanctuary, a gate opens (or, more precisely, is closed to the ordinary believer), and on their double doors are painted a pair of archangels (and on the doors of the fourth gate, the seventh archangel and the Virgin Mary).Archangel
Raphael (to the right) on one gate of Ura Kidane Mihret monastery church. The counterpart of the slaying of the big fish is everywhere another sea scene, the crossing of the Red Sea and the destruction of Pharaoh’s army in the water. Who can name all seven archangels? Probably not many of us. In fact, the Bible mentions only two or three of them by name, depending on confession. Michael, who pushes down the rebellious angels with a fiery sword, and Gabriel, who forwards the divine message to the Virgin Mary with a white lily in hand, are known to everyone. And the Catholic Bible also includes the book of Tobit, which is not accepted in the Jewish and Protestant scriptures, since it had no Hebrew original, only a Greek version was known. In this, a third archangel, Rafael, accompanies the young Tobias from Nineveh to Media – to Ekbatana/Hamadan, a significant Jewish settlement at that time, the later funeral place of Queen Esther and Mordecai, to connect it also to today’s Purim celebration. At the same time, apocryphal or not, this is the book which establishes that seven is the number of archangels. In its final part, the archangel reveals himself: _“I am Raphael, one of the seven angels who stand in the glorious presence of the Lord, ready to serve him.”_ (Tob 12:15) The idea of the seven archangels – the lords of the seven planets – was taken over by the Jews from the surrounding peoples, especially from the Zoroastrian religion, where it first tookshape, during the
Assyrian-Babylonian captivity, when Tobias’ story also takes place. The Yezidi Kurds preserved from the same cultural milieu the cult of the seven archangels, for which they are now being massacred by the extremists of ISIS. This cult was also popular with local Christians in the first centuries, so much so, that the Council of Laodicea of 363 (Article 35) had to expressly prohibit the worship of the angels, and allow only their veneration. The Latin church limited this to the three archangelsknown by name,
while the Orthodox church has preserved to this day the veneration of the _seven_ archangels, celebrated on 8 November in a special feast called “the gathering of the archangels” (Σύναξη των Αρχαγγέλων), “the gathering of Archangel Michael” (Собор Архистратига Михаила), or “the gathering of the bodiless” (Σύναξη των Ασωμάτων). At this meeting, the seven archangels hold a council at the end of time, just before the last judgment._The gathering
of Archangel Michael._ Russian icon, 19th c., with the names of the single archangels in their halos: Yegudiel, Uriel, Selaphiel, Barakhiel, Gabriel, Michael, Raphael (the latter with the young Tobias, who holds the fish in hand). Especially remarkable among the Ethiopian representations is the figure of Raphael, who always stabs a big fish with his spear. In the Book of Tobit, Raphael and Tobias wandering together catch a big fish from Tigris River, whose heart and liver are later used to expel the demon Asmodeus, and its gall to heal the blind eye of Tobit, the father of Tobias. We might think that the Ethiopian pictures of Raphael also show the fish of the Book of Tobit. It is peculiar, however, that we always see a small chapel beside the fish or on the fish’s back, with people praying inside. What’s that? The answer is given by an Ethiopian source. The 14th-century _Synaxarium Aethiopicum,_the
collection of the biographies of the Ethiopian saints, ordered by feasts, celebrates on 8 September the feast of Archangel Raphael, about whom it tells, amongst others, the following miraculous story. The Coptic Patriarch St. Theophilus (385-412) “…built many churches, and among them was the church, which was on the island outside the city of Alexandria, and was dedicated in the name of the glorious Archangel Rufa’el (Raphael); and Abba Theophilus the Archbishop finished the building thereof and consecrated it as it were this day. And whilst the believers were praying in the church, behold the church trembled, and was rent asunder, and it moved about. And they found that the church had been built upon the back of a whale of the whales of the sea, on which a very large mass of sand had heaped itself. Now the whale lay firmly fixed in its place, and the treading of the feet of the people upon it cut it off from the mainland; and it was Satan who moved the whale so that he might throw down the church. And the believers and the archbishop cried out together, and made supplication to the Lord Christ, and they asked for the intercession of the glorious Archangel Rufa’el. And God, the Most High, sent the glorious angel Rufa’el, and he had mercy on the children of men, and he drove his spear into the whale, saying unto him, “By the commandment of God stand still, and move not thyself from thy place”; and the whale stood in his place and moved not. And many signs and wonders were made manifest, and great healings of sick folk took place in that church. And this church continued to exist until the time when the Muslims reigned , and then it was destroyed, and the whale moved, and the sea flowed back again and drowned many people who dwelt in that place.” In this story, we can recognize two _“Wandermotive”,_ traveling motifs. One is the big sea fish which is thought to be an island, but which, after a while, swims away or submerges in the sea. Its best known example is read in the sea travels of the 6th-century Irish abbot St. Brendan, where the abbot and his companions moor at night on an island. However, when in the morning they read Mass, and then set fire, the island moves, and slowly swims away. The companions flee back in horror to the ship, where they hear from St. Brendan: “God has last night revealed to me the mystery of all this; it was not an island you were upon, but a fish, the largest of all that swim in the ocean, which is ever trying to make its head and tail meet, but cannot succeed, because of its great length. Its name is Iasconius.” _Navigatio Sancti Brendani Abbatis. The voyage of St. Brendan theAbbot,_ ch. 10.,
translated by Denis O’Donoghue, 1893St. Brendan’s
island, c. 1230-1240. British Library, Harley MS 4751, f. 69r. The other traveling motif is the subjection of the great fish / water monster. This story often appeared in various creation stories in Mesopotamia, where the Book of Tobit was also written: the deity (Ninurta, Marduk, Hadad etc.) overcomes the great fish / snake / dragon living in the ancestral sea of chaos, and creates from it / builds upon it the world. This myth was also taken over by the Jews at the time of the Babylonian captivity, and although later they replaced it with the two creation stories now read at the beginning of the Book of Genesis, its traces were retained in the Bible. For example, in Job 40:25-32, where God reminds Job of His greatness with references to the former struggle: _“Can you pull the Leviathan with a fishhook… will it make an agreement with you for you to take it as your slave for life?”_ or in Psalm 74, which briefly summarizes the creation myth to illustrate God’s greatness: “It was you who split open the sea by your power; you broke the heads of the monster in the waters. It was you who crushed the heads of Leviathan, and gave it as food to the creatures of the desert. It was you who opened up springs and streams; you dried up the ever-flowing rivers. The day is yours, and yours also the night; you established the sun and moon. It was you who set all the boundaries of the earth; you made both summer and winter.” (Psalm 74:13-17)The creation
founded on the Leviathan in the center of the Hasidic synagogue ofŁańcut
(on the vault of the bimah), late 18th c. The Ethiopian legend of Raphael bears a great resemblance to this creation story. The archangel, at the command of God, stabs the great fish, so it serves as a solid foundation for the house of God. Is it possible that the Ethiopian tradition has retained something from the Jewish myth, in which, perhaps, the Archangel Raphael fulfilled the subjugation of the ancient water monster at His command, just as the rebellious angels were pushed out from heaven to the underworld by the Archangel Michael in His name? This is justified by a motif that was unintentionally left in the Book of Tobit. Known as the “Tobias’ Dog Problem”, it has excited the fantasy of commentatorsat least
since the age of confessional debates. It is about the dog that appears twice in brief mentions without any antecedents, and then disappears again without any further role in the Book of Tobit: “So the son and the angel departed, and the dog went after them.”(Tob 6:2)
“They both arrived, and the dog went after them.” (Tob 11:4) Tobias and Raphael depart and then come back, and on these occasions the dog appears next to them. Jacob van Maerlant, _Rijmbijbel._ Utrecht, 1332, miniatures by Michiel van der Borch According to the analysis of Naomi S. S. Jacobs (_What about the dog? Tobit’s mysterious canine revisited,_ 2014), the dog remained in the Book of Tobit from a more detailed folk narrative, written – as it is indicated by its Greek vernacular – as an entertaining and teaching Midrashic story. In the original narrative, it might have been the helper of Raphael who subjugated the great fish / water monster, just as in similar myths, the evil-chasing dog helps the deity to overcome the water monster / dragon. In the final version, it appears at the two key points of the fish story: before the catching of the great fish, and when Tobias and Raphael heal the blind Tobit with the fish gall. It is thus conceivable, that this unique motif of Ethiopian iconography, Archangel Raphael stabbing the big fish and firmly founding the house of God on it, as well as the Book of Tobit, written in the 3th century BC in a Greek-speaking Jewish diaspora of Mesopotamia or Egypt, preserved the memory of the most ancient “third creation story” on these two edges of the Jewish and Christian religions, where the authority of the official Book of Genesis, redacted in Judea in the 6th century BC, had not yet completely pushed the original myth into oblivion.Archangel
Raphael (to the right) on a gate of the Azwa Mariam monastery churchat Lake Tana.
In any case, the fish scene is well suited to the monasteries built on the islands of Lake Tana. The frescoes of the nearly two-dozen monastery churches willingly reach back to those biblical or apocryphal scenes, where the holy figures catch or eat fish, thus blessing and elevating up to a higher sphere the most important daily food of the islands’ inhabitants.magyarul
Publicado por Studiolum en 3/25/20190 comentarios
Etiquetas: Bible ,
dragon , Ethiopia
, fish
, iconography
, Jewish
, myth
, whale
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* Wowo That is Amazing Place.. - 10/3/2017 - Ubaid * Chi ha scritto questo articolo evidentemente non s... - 2/12/2017 - Kleò * Interessante come, ancora una volta, gli ungheresi... - 1/27/2017 - Loredana * Hallo, schöne Bilder, schöner Text. Aber sie haben... - 11/28/2018 - Anonymous * Ramhornsäulen Widderhornsäulen? Widder = engl. ra... - 7/15/2018 - DavidMarjanović
* vielen Dank, es freut mich! - 1/20/2016 - Studiolum* toll!
- 1/19/2016 - pilade * Faszinierende Musik und Lebensgeschichte - 7/9/2014 - Ferdinand* Figyelek...
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* http://www.karpatalja.ma/karpatalja/kozelet/odessz... - 8/9/2019 - TamasDEAK
* Az én nagyapám (1919-1994) is Dániában volt. Apuká... - 7/19/2019 - Kriszti * Hát akkor küldjetek e-mail címet a feliratkozáshoz... - 7/19/2019 - Studiolum * Ebben mi is nagyon benne lennenk! Adam-Rajczy - 7/19/2019 - Dámka MÁS DE NOSOTROS - MORE FROM US* Studiolum
* Mesa revuelta
* 詩 – Casa de la poesía china* A Garden Diary
ÍNDICE / CONTENTS
BLOGROLL
*
Hírolvasó
A hadsereg letartóztatott egy határsértő gázait, kés és töltények voltak nála*
Languagehat
Salford Twinky Ban Revoked.*
Falanszter
Jeles kivégzések a budai Szent György - Dísz téren*
Tywkiwdbi
An "up north" family portrait*
Buchi nella sabbia
Il était un petit homme*
Dunai Szigetek
Árkon-bokron
*
Pangea
A megfordított folyó*
Utazások FotográfiábanPride-korszak
*
Science Bookstore
"America Asleep" (1923) and "Awake and Act" (1935)*
Dumneazu
Ökrös Csaba 1960-2019.*
Az A Baj
五月雨とバラ
*
Πινακίδες από κερίΧνάρι
*
Iconic Photos
Snow Crystals | Wilson Bentley*
Bat, Bean, Beam
Another year of Wellington*
50 Watts
Vaka Valo’s Dream Diary 3*
A Bad Guide
Tree.
*
Tom Clark
the dance of conquest is going to have to wait | museum of memory*
مـوســــیــقـی مـا - Our Music دشمنان زبان فارسی THANK YOU FOR SPENDING TIME WITH US YOU ARE STANDING HEREETIQUETAS / LABELS
* abortion
* Ada Kale
* Afghan
* Africa
* Ahmad Qajar Shah
* Ahmatova; Anna
* Ajvaz; Michal
* Albanian
* Alberti; Rafael
* Alciato; Andrea
* Aldrovandi; Ulisse* Algeria
* American
* American natives
* Anatolia
* anatomy
* Andalusia
* angel
* Angyalföld
* ant
* anthropology
* anti-alcoholism
* Antiquity
* Arabic
* archaic art
* architecture
* Argentina
* Aristophanes
* Armenia
* Armenian
* ars poetica
* Art Nouveau
* Atlantis
* Attila
* Austrian
* Austro-Hungarian Monarchy* autumn
* Azad; Davood
* Azeri
* Babits; Mihály
* Bach
* Baedeker
* Bakhtiari
* Balkan
* Banská Štiavnica* Barcelona
* Baroque
* barrel organ
* bazaar
* bear
* Belgian
* Berlin
* Bethlehem
* Bible
* bicycle
* Bilibin; Ivan
* bird
* black pearls
* blessing
* blooper
* book
* border
* Bosnian
* Bratislava
* brave old world
* bread
* Breton
* Brno
* Bruegel
* Bucharest
* Budapest
* Buenos Aires
* Bukovina
* Bulgarian
* bull
* Burgkmair; Hans
* butterfly
* Byzantium
* Cabrera
* calligraphy
* cards
* cat
* Catalan
* Caucasus
* cemetery
* Český Krumlov
* change of regime
* Chile
* China
* Chinese
* Chinese art
* Chinese poetry
* Christian
* Christmas
* Chukch
* church
* cipher
* citation
* city
* civilian
* clock
* Cohen; Leonard
* coin
* Columbia
* comics
* concert
* conference
* confraternity
* Córdoba
* corrido
* courtyard
* Covarrubias; Sebastian de* Crimea
* Croatian
* crow
* crown
* Csoma de Kőrös; Alexander* Csömör
* Cuba
* cult
* Czech
* Czernowitz
* Dahlem
* dance
* Danish
* Dante
* Danube
* David
* Derakhshani; Majid* dissolving
* dogs
* Don Quijote
* door
* dragon
* dress
* Drohobycz
* Dunakeszi
* Dürer; Albrecht
* Dutch
* Easter
* Ebtehaj; Hushang
* Eco; Umberto
* Ecuador
* Egypt
* El País
* elephant
* emblem
* emigration
* engine house
* English
* Erasmus
* esotericism
* Estonian
* Ethiopia
* Etruscan
* etymology
* exhibition
* family history
* fashion
* feast
* field post
* film
* findings
* Finnish
* Finno-Ugric
* fire
* first people
* fish
* flag
* flood
* Florence
* fog
* forgery
* fox
* French
* friendship
* Galicia
* game
* García Lorca; Federico* García; Charly
* Gardel; Carlos
* garden
* Gauss; Carl Friedrich* genetics
* geography
* Georgian
* German
* Gessner; Conrad
* ghost sign
* Gieco; León
* Giovio; Paolo
* God
* Gracián; Baltasar* Granada
* Greek
* Guangzhou
* guess
* guest worker
* guide
* Guthrie; Woody
* Guzman de Alfarache* Gypsy
* Hafez
* Hangzhou
* Hašek; Jaroslav
* Hasidic
* Heidelbach; Nikolaus* Herodotus
* history sung
* Hitler
* Holub; Miroslav
* holy image
* Holy Land
* Holy Week
* Hong Kong
* housing estate
* Hrabal; Bohumil
* Huang Shen
* Hungarian
* Iceland
* icon
* iconography
* identity
* illustration
* Indian
* industrial history* interview
* Ionatos; Photis
* Isfahan
* Islam
* island
* Israel
* Istanbul
* Italian
* Japanese
* Japonisme
* Jerusalem
* Jesuit
* Jewish
* József; Attila
* Julfa
* Kalocsa
* Kamkars
* Kányádi
* Kapuściński; Ryszard* Kaufmann; David
* Kavafis; Konstantinos* Kazakh
* Kégl; Sándor
* Kehlmann; Daniel
* Khayyam
* Kiev
* Kircher; Athanasius* kit
* kitchen
* Klee; Paul
* Klezmatics
* Kőbánya
* Košice
* Krakow
* Kulin ban
* Kurdish
* Kyrgyz
* Landino; Cristoforo* Latin
* Lenin
* Li Yu
* library
* life of things
* Lin Yutang
* lion
* Lisbon
* Lithuanian
* London
* Lungu; Dan
* Luppa Island
* lute
* Lwów
* Lycosthenes; Conrad* Ma Yuan
* Madrid
* magic
* Magritte; René
* Malecz
* Mallorca
* Mándok
* manuscript
* map
* Maramureș
* marginalia
* Maria Del Mar Bonet* market
* medicine
* meme
* memento mori
* memory
* meridian
* message on the wall* metro
* Mexico
* Middle Ages
* miniature
* Molina; Horacio
* money
* monkey
* monument
* Morente; Enrique
* morning
* Moscow
* mosque
* mountain
* Münster; Sebastian * Muñoz Molina; Antonio* music
* Mussolini
* myth
* Nanai
* national character* Netherlands
* New Year
* New York
* newspaper
* night
* nightingale
* nomads
* Noruz
* Óbuda
* Odessa
* Okudzhava; Bulat
* old book
* old crafts
* old photos
* olive
* openstreetmap
* Orientalism
* oud
* Ovidius
* painting
* paiting
* Palestine
* Pamuk; Orhan
* paper
* parcel
* Paré; Ambroise
* Paris
* Patagonia
* Pelevin; Viktor
* Persepolis
* Persian
* Pessoa; Fernando
* photo
* phrasebook
* picture reading
* pilgrimage
* plagiarism
* Plato
* Plossu; Bernard
* poem
* Polish
* Pontic Greek
* Pope Francis
* popular graphics
* portrait
* Portuguese
* postcard
* poster
* Pound; Ezra
* power of images
* Prague
* propaganda
* protection of monuments* psychology
* quotation
* Rabelais
* radio
* Radnóti; Miklós
* railway
* rain
* reception
* recommendation
* Renaissance
* restaurant
* revolution
* Reynolds; Barbara
* Reza Pahlavi Shah
* rhinoceros
* Rimbaud; Arthur
* river
* Rodin
* Romanian
* Rome
* Rostov
* ruin aesthetics
* Rumi
* Russian
* Rusyn
* Saint Anthony
* Saint Augustine
* Saint Francis
* Saint Martin
* Saint Sebastian
* Saint Teresa
* Saint-Petersburg
* Sales; Mehdi Akhavan* Salkaházi Sára
* sanctuary
* Sarajevo
* Saramago; José
* Sardinia
* Satrapi; Marjane
* school
* Schulz; Bruno
* sculpture
* Scythian
* sea
* seal
* Sebestyén; Márta* Sephardic
* Serbian
* Seville
* Shajarian; Mohammad Reza* shamanism
* sheep
* Silesia
* Silk Road
* Singapore
* Slovak
* Slovene
* snail
* snake
* Soros; George
* Sosa; Mercedes
* Spanish
* Spanish Civil War
* Spence; Jonathan
* spring
* stagecoach
* Stalin
* stamp
* statue
* steampunk
* Stein; Aurel
* stranger
* Studiolum
* Subcarpathia
* Subotica
* Sudek; Josef
* Sufi
* summer
* Švejk
* Swedish
* Symposium
* Syria
* Syriac
* Szász Endre
* Szentendre
* Sztevanovity Zorán and Dusán* Tabriz
* tale
* Tanburi Cemil Bey
* Tang Dynasty
* tango
* Tao
* Tarnów
* Tat
* Tatar
* Tatry
* tea
* tea-horse-road
* Tehran
* theater
* Tibet
* tiger
* Tisza
* Tolstoy
* topos
* tour
* translation
* Transylvania
* travel
* Třebíč
* Trieste
* truth
* Tulln
* Turkish
* Turkmen
* Tuscany
* typo
* Úbeda
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* Urbino
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* Uzbek
* Valencia
* Valeriano; Pierio
* Vámbéry; Ármin
* Venice
* video
* Vienna
* Vietnamese
* Villava; Francisco de* Vojvodina
* Walsh; Maria Elena* Wang Wei
* water
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* winter
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* Yang Pass
* Yannatou; Savina
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* Yuan Shangtong
* Yupanqui; Atahualpa* Zhang Dai
* Zoroastrianism
* Аквариум
* Малечь
* 犀
* 象
* abortion (1)
* Ada Kale (2)
* Afghan (2)
* Africa (9)
* Ahmad Qajar Shah
(3)
* Ahmatova; Anna
(4)
* Ajvaz; Michal
(4)
* Albanian (4)
* Alberti; Rafael
(2)
* Alciato; Andrea
(4)
* Aldrovandi; Ulisse(1)
* Algeria (2)
* American (45)
* American natives
(7)
* Anatolia (5)
* anatomy (2)
* Andalusia (2)
* angel (5)
* Angyalföld
(3)
* ant (1)
* anthropology
(16)
* anti-alcoholism
(6)
* Antiquity
(12)
* Arabic (24)
* archaic art
(1)
* architecture
(54)
* Argentina
(58)
* Aristophanes
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* Armenia (1)
* Armenian (58)
* ars poetica
(5)
* Art Nouveau
(3)
* Atlantis (33)
* Attila (1)
* Austrian (13)
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* autumn (6)
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* Azeri (61)
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