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material in fiber
RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA In analogy with the refractive index, the group index (or group refractive index) ng of a material can be defined as the ratio of the vacuum velocity of light to the group velocity in the medium: For calculating this, one obviously needs to know not only the refractive index at the wavelength of interest, but also its frequencydependence.
RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA where f is the noise frequency. For example, white frequency noise (S ν (f) = const) corresponds to phase noise with a power spectral density proportional to f −2.In that case, the linewidth is π times the one-sided power spectral density of the frequency noise (or 2 π times the two-sided power spectral density). Such a situation occurs e.g. in a single-frequency laser which is only RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA Encyclopedia > letter K > Kelly sidebands. Kelly Sidebands. Ask RP Photonics for advice on how to retrieve information on dispersion from Kelly sidebands, how to model their parameters, how to suppress them, etc.. Definition: sidebands in the spectrum of certain mode-locked lasers, related to a periodic disturbance of soliton pulses in thelaser resonator
RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA for the inverse radiative lifetime, where ν is the optical frequency, n is the refractive index, c is the vacuum velocity of light, and σ em (ν) denotes the frequency-dependent emission cross sections. The equation can be considered as an extension of the relation between the Einstein A and B coefficients. With the above-mentioned approximation for a narrow emission bandwidth, this leads to RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA where k is the frequency-dependent wavenumber. (For waveguides, it is replaced with the phase constant β.). The group velocity dispersion is the group delay dispersion per unit length. The basic units are s 2 /m. For example, the group velocity dispersion of silica is +35 fs 2 /mm at 800 nm and −26 fs 2 /mm at 1500 nm. Somewhere between these wavelengths (at about 1.3 μm), there is the RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA The RP Photonics Buyer's Guide contains 22 suppliers for wavemeters. Among them: Menlo Systems. As the pioneer in the optical frequency comb technology, Menlo Systems offers a full product line from the compact and fully automated SmartComb to the ultra-low noise Optical Frequency Comb FC1500-ULN plus.Our patented figure 9® mode locking technology ensures lowest phase noise and long-term RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA In photodiodes and other detectors with some p–n or p–i–n junction, it is often caused by thermal excitation (generation) of carriers – not necessarily directly from valence to conduction band, but possibly through defect states related to crystal defects or impurities.The rate of such thermal processes depends not only on the active area, but also critically on the temperature and on RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA The input light may be injected into different ways, depending on the source to be analyzed: Many optical spectrum analyzers have a fiber-optic input, usually with some kind of fiber connector (e.g. PC/PC, SC or ST) for attaching a fiber patch cable.Depending on the device, one may use cables with single-mode or multimode fibers, sometimes even with fiber bundles. RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA The RP Photonics Buyer's Guide contains 85 suppliers for diode lasers. Among them: TOPTICA Photonics. Diode lasers combine plug-and-play operation, compact form factor and maximum performance. TOPTICA offers single-mode diode lasers, multi-color lasers, single-frequency lasers, and tunable diode lasers for demanding applications in biophotonics, industrial metrology and quantum RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA Ask RP Photonics for any advice on optical fibers and their applications. Optical fibers are long and flexible kinds of optical waveguides . They are essentially always based either on some glass or on polymers ( plastic optical fibers ). Among the glasses, fused silica (amorphous silicon dioxide, SiO 2) is the dominating basematerial in fiber
RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA In analogy with the refractive index, the group index (or group refractive index) ng of a material can be defined as the ratio of the vacuum velocity of light to the group velocity in the medium: For calculating this, one obviously needs to know not only the refractive index at the wavelength of interest, but also its frequencydependence.
RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA where f is the noise frequency. For example, white frequency noise (S ν (f) = const) corresponds to phase noise with a power spectral density proportional to f −2.In that case, the linewidth is π times the one-sided power spectral density of the frequency noise (or 2 π times the two-sided power spectral density). Such a situation occurs e.g. in a single-frequency laser which is only RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA Encyclopedia > letter K > Kelly sidebands. Kelly Sidebands. Ask RP Photonics for advice on how to retrieve information on dispersion from Kelly sidebands, how to model their parameters, how to suppress them, etc.. Definition: sidebands in the spectrum of certain mode-locked lasers, related to a periodic disturbance of soliton pulses in thelaser resonator
RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA for the inverse radiative lifetime, where ν is the optical frequency, n is the refractive index, c is the vacuum velocity of light, and σ em (ν) denotes the frequency-dependent emission cross sections. The equation can be considered as an extension of the relation between the Einstein A and B coefficients. With the above-mentioned approximation for a narrow emission bandwidth, this leads to RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA where k is the frequency-dependent wavenumber. (For waveguides, it is replaced with the phase constant β.). The group velocity dispersion is the group delay dispersion per unit length. The basic units are s 2 /m. For example, the group velocity dispersion of silica is +35 fs 2 /mm at 800 nm and −26 fs 2 /mm at 1500 nm. Somewhere between these wavelengths (at about 1.3 μm), there is theRP PHOTONICS
RP Photonics provides powerful digital marketing, simulation and design software, and technical consulting in photonics, including laser technology, fiber optics, nonlinear optics and other fields. RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA Highly nonlinear fibers, exhibiting stronger than usual optical nonlinearities, can be realized either with highly nonlinear glasses or with designs for small mode areas. They are useful for various applications such as pulse compression, supercontinuum generation,Raman
RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA The RP Photonics Buyer's Guide contains 85 suppliers for diode lasers. Among them: TOPTICA Photonics. Diode lasers combine plug-and-play operation, compact form factor and maximum performance. TOPTICA offers single-mode diode lasers, multi-color lasers, single-frequency lasers, and tunable diode lasers for demanding applications in biophotonics, industrial metrology and quantum RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA where f is the noise frequency. For example, white frequency noise (S ν (f) = const) corresponds to phase noise with a power spectral density proportional to f −2.In that case, the linewidth is π times the one-sided power spectral density of the frequency noise (or 2 π times the two-sided power spectral density). Such a situation occurs e.g. in a single-frequency laser which is only RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA In analogy with the refractive index, the group index (or group refractive index) ng of a material can be defined as the ratio of the vacuum velocity of light to the group velocity in the medium: For calculating this, one obviously needs to know not only the refractive index at the wavelength of interest, but also its frequencydependence.
RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA Encyclopedia > letter S > self-focusing. Self-focusing Calculations on Nonlinear Self-focusing. The software RP Fiber Power can be used for calculating self-focusing as shown in the article.One may calculate the evolution of the beam profile (Figure 2) or calculate fiber modes where the Kerr effect is taken into account (Figure 1).. Definition: focusing of a beam in a transparent medium RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA The simplest of these is the Kerr effect, which can be described as a change (usually an increase) in the refractive index in proportion to the optical intensity I. with the nonlinear refractive index n2 . The units of that quantity are m 2 /W (or cm 2 /W) in the SI system, butin
RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA Mode-locked fiber lasers can also be based on ytterbium-doped fiber for emission somewhere in the range of roughly 1000–1100 nm. An important difference for this technology, as compared with erbium-doped lasers, is that the dispersion of silica fibers is normally well in the normal dispersion regime. EXTERNAL-CAVITY DIODE LASERS, ECDL An external-cavity diode laser is a diode laser based on a laser diode chip which typically has one end anti-reflection coated, and the laser resonator is completed with, e.g., a collimating lens (or separate fast-axis and slow-axis beam collimators) and an external mirror as shown in Figure 1. Another type of external-cavity laser uses a WHERE TO BUY HIGHLY NONLINEAR FIBERS, NONLINEARITY Suppliers with Ad Package presenting their product descriptions; No products of suppliers with ad package and a product description are registered yet for highly nonlinear fibers. These would have a company logo, a detailed product description, and a product image, and also appear in the corresponding encyclopedia article. RP Photonics MarketingEncyclopedia
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Explore this resource with the RP Photonics Encyclopedia tour ! RP PHOTONICS ENCYCLOPEDIA (formerly the Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology) * 945 comprehensive encyclopedia articles on photonics, laser technology, fiber optics and general optics * freely available online (open access, no registration), and as a TWO-VOLUME BOOK * connected with the RP PHOTONICS BUYER'S GUIDE : find suppliers for hundreds of photonics products * related blog: the PHOTONICS SPOTLIGHT , also available as a NEWSLETTER * also offers a GLOSSARY OF PHOTONICS TERMS , ARTICLES GROUPED BY CATEGORIES and the PHOTONICSQUIZ
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Analyze and design passive and active fiber optics: * fiber amplifiers and lasers (continuous-wave, Q-switched, mode-locked, multi-stage, CPA, …) * single-mode and multimode fibers, double-clad fibers, multi-core fibers, tapered fibers, …* fiber couplers
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