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MIGRAINE AND DIVING
As far as diving with migraine is concerned–there is mixed opinion as to the proper thing to do. Some think it to be an absolute contraindication to diving, others think it to not be a significant problem. The migraine following a dive might be difficult to distinguish from decompression sickness and can possibly be provokedHERNIAS AND DIVING
Hernias are openings in the abdominal wall through which abdominal contents escape and protrude to the outside. Inguinal hernias (groin) are the most freguently encountered and probably the most dangerous when diving. Of course, other types of hernia can occur, eg., umbilical (navel), incisional (post-operative), diaphragmatic (between the abdomen and the chest cavity), internal (a DIVING AFTER EYE SURGERY Individuals who have undergone ophthalmic surgical procedures should allow an appropriate period for wound healing before resuming diving. Factors increasing the risk of post-operative complications: Marine organisms may cause infections when they contaminate non-epithelialized wound surfaces of the cornea, sclera, conjunctiva, or lid tissuesThese pathogens may ARTHRITIS AND SCUBA DIVING Medical Conditions affect the safety of divers in the following ways: The effect the condition has on organs vital to safe diving (central nervous system, heart, lungs, ears, eyes) The limitation of physical ability caused by the condition; alteration of the diver/buddy relationship The effect on diving of medications taken for the condition Complex interactions ANTICOAGULANTS AND DIVING The only effect that diving while on anticoagulants will have on you is the increased chance of bleeding and internal hematomas from trauma. Diving and pressure changes should have no different effect on you than the average person. This risk is probably not KIDNEY PROBLEMS AND DIVING Diving and the physical changes that take place with the underwater environment have little to relate to the urological system. There is very little in the way of articles and reports concerning the urological system and sport diving. However, there are some factors that must be taken into consideration by the diver and his doctor SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX Spontaneous pneumothorax is an inherited disease which leaves some people with weakened areas of the pleural lining of the lung, called blebs or blisters.These can occasionally burst and cause air to leak from the lung to the chest cavity, resulting in a pneumothorax (‘airin the chest’).
ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM Arterial gas embolism is a major cause of death in diving and the initiating cause (pulmonary barotrauma) usually goes undetected. Caused most often by the expansion of respiratory gases during ascent, it also occurs when the breath is held during ascent from a dive, when there is local pulmonary pathology, when there is dynamic airwaycollapse
DYSBARIC OSTEONECROSIS AND DIVING Osteonecrosis – definition Dysbaric osteonecrosis is the death of a portion of the bone that is thought to be caused by nitrogen embolization “blockage” of the blood vessels in divers. Although the definitive pathologic process is poorly understood, there are several hypotheses: Intra- or extravascular nitrogen in bones, “nitrogen embolization”. SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician.MIGRAINE AND DIVING
As far as diving with migraine is concerned–there is mixed opinion as to the proper thing to do. Some think it to be an absolute contraindication to diving, others think it to not be a significant problem. The migraine following a dive might be difficult to distinguish from decompression sickness and can possibly be provokedHERNIAS AND DIVING
Hernias are openings in the abdominal wall through which abdominal contents escape and protrude to the outside. Inguinal hernias (groin) are the most freguently encountered and probably the most dangerous when diving. Of course, other types of hernia can occur, eg., umbilical (navel), incisional (post-operative), diaphragmatic (between the abdomen and the chest cavity), internal (a DIVING AFTER EYE SURGERY Individuals who have undergone ophthalmic surgical procedures should allow an appropriate period for wound healing before resuming diving. Factors increasing the risk of post-operative complications: Marine organisms may cause infections when they contaminate non-epithelialized wound surfaces of the cornea, sclera, conjunctiva, or lid tissuesThese pathogens may ARTHRITIS AND SCUBA DIVING Medical Conditions affect the safety of divers in the following ways: The effect the condition has on organs vital to safe diving (central nervous system, heart, lungs, ears, eyes) The limitation of physical ability caused by the condition; alteration of the diver/buddy relationship The effect on diving of medications taken for the condition Complex interactions ANTICOAGULANTS AND DIVING The only effect that diving while on anticoagulants will have on you is the increased chance of bleeding and internal hematomas from trauma. Diving and pressure changes should have no different effect on you than the average person. This risk is probably not SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX Spontaneous pneumothorax is an inherited disease which leaves some people with weakened areas of the pleural lining of the lung, called blebs or blisters.These can occasionally burst and cause air to leak from the lung to the chest cavity, resulting in a pneumothorax (‘airin the chest’).
KIDNEY PROBLEMS AND DIVING Diving and the physical changes that take place with the underwater environment have little to relate to the urological system. There is very little in the way of articles and reports concerning the urological system and sport diving. However, there are some factors that must be taken into consideration by the diver and his doctor ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM Arterial gas embolism is a major cause of death in diving and the initiating cause (pulmonary barotrauma) usually goes undetected. Caused most often by the expansion of respiratory gases during ascent, it also occurs when the breath is held during ascent from a dive, when there is local pulmonary pathology, when there is dynamic airwaycollapse
DYSBARIC OSTEONECROSIS AND DIVING Osteonecrosis – definition Dysbaric osteonecrosis is the death of a portion of the bone that is thought to be caused by nitrogen embolization “blockage” of the blood vessels in divers. Although the definitive pathologic process is poorly understood, there are several hypotheses: Intra- or extravascular nitrogen in bones, “nitrogen embolization”. SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician. ARTHRITIS AND SCUBA DIVING Medical Conditions affect the safety of divers in the following ways: The effect the condition has on organs vital to safe diving (central nervous system, heart, lungs, ears, eyes) The limitation of physical ability caused by the condition; alteration of the diver/buddy relationship The effect on diving of medications taken for the condition Complex interactions PHYSICAL FITNESS FOR SPORTS DIVERS INTRODUCTION The underwater environment causes a diver to be at a tremendous disadvantage due to: –the difficulty in propulsion through the surrounding water;–through rapid heat loss to water generally colder than body temperature;–breathing gas of compressed density;–the diver uses an altered cardiorespiratory system from a changed environment;–in order to prevent damage to air THE THYROID AND DIVING The thyroid gland secretes thyroxin which is a hormone that helps control the rate at which we burn up carbohydrates (metabolic rate). Too much thyroxin causes hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) — too little causes hypothyroidism (myxedema). What a diver needs to be concerned with is his/her body’s ability to function with the increased work load that hyperthyroidism DIVING WITH JOINT REPLACEMENT Knee or Hip Replacement There should be no diving limitations or restrictions placed on diving with a knee or hip replacement, or any other metallic inserts or implants. The effects of pressure are not any specific danger for implants which do not contain compressible gases. Gas laws (Boyle’s and Henry’s) don’t effect an implantedsolid;
DENTAL IMPLANTS & DIVING by Larry Stein, DDSPublished in ‘Alert Diver’, March/April 2005* More people are electing to have failing or missing teeth replaced by dental implants. I have experienced an increase in the number of questions related to dental implants and scuba diving in my capacity as a dental consultant for DAN, ScubaDoc and the Scuba Board. It DIVING EXCLUSIONS AND QUALIFICATIONS Sports Scuba Divers Medical History and Physical Examination The examination of prospective divers, sports scuba divers, underwater photographers and diving instructors should include the pertinent aspects of present and past history, review of systems and physical examination directed and designed to specifically detect those conditions that place a person in jeopardy for the following: 1).OXYGEN TOXICITY
The effects of oxygen are increased at depth so that the maximum PO2 in diving is 1.6 ATA, and this is achieved at 218 fsw breathing air, 132 fsw breathing 32% O2, and 20 fsw breathing 100% O2. This is due to the effects of Dalton’s Law which states that on descent, thepartial pressure
SARCOIDOSIS OF THE LUNGS Sarcoidosis is a disease that causes inflammation of the body’s tissues. Inflammation is a basic response of the body to injury and usually causes reddened skin, warmth, swelling, and pain. Inflammation from sarcoidosis is different. In sarcoidosis, the inflammation produces small lumps (also called nodules or granulomas) in the tissues. Unfortunately, sarcoidosis of the lungs IMMERSION HYPOTHERMIA Why is hypothermia dangerous? Hypothermia may be mild, moderate, or severe. The presentation may range from shivering and piloerection (“goosebumps”), to profound confusion, irreversible coma and death. Significant hypothermia begins at temperatures of 95 degrees F and below. The lowering of the body temperature occurs as the body is robbed of heat by the surroundings. SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician.MIGRAINE AND DIVING
As far as diving with migraine is concerned–there is mixed opinion as to the proper thing to do. Some think it to be an absolute contraindication to diving, others think it to not be a significant problem. The migraine following a dive might be difficult to distinguish from decompression sickness and can possibly be provokedHERNIAS AND DIVING
Hernias are openings in the abdominal wall through which abdominal contents escape and protrude to the outside. Inguinal hernias (groin) are the most freguently encountered and probably the most dangerous when diving. Of course, other types of hernia can occur, eg., umbilical (navel), incisional (post-operative), diaphragmatic (between the abdomen and the chest cavity), internal (a DIVING AFTER EYE SURGERY Individuals who have undergone ophthalmic surgical procedures should allow an appropriate period for wound healing before resuming diving. Factors increasing the risk of post-operative complications: Marine organisms may cause infections when they contaminate non-epithelialized wound surfaces of the cornea, sclera, conjunctiva, or lid tissuesThese pathogens may ARTHRITIS AND SCUBA DIVING Medical Conditions affect the safety of divers in the following ways: The effect the condition has on organs vital to safe diving (central nervous system, heart, lungs, ears, eyes) The limitation of physical ability caused by the condition; alteration of the diver/buddy relationship The effect on diving of medications taken for the condition Complex interactions ANTICOAGULANTS AND DIVING The only effect that diving while on anticoagulants will have on you is the increased chance of bleeding and internal hematomas from trauma. Diving and pressure changes should have no different effect on you than the average person. This risk is probably not KIDNEY PROBLEMS AND DIVING Diving and the physical changes that take place with the underwater environment have little to relate to the urological system. There is very little in the way of articles and reports concerning the urological system and sport diving. However, there are some factors that must be taken into consideration by the diver and his doctor SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX Spontaneous pneumothorax is an inherited disease which leaves some people with weakened areas of the pleural lining of the lung, called blebs or blisters.These can occasionally burst and cause air to leak from the lung to the chest cavity, resulting in a pneumothorax (‘airin the chest’).
ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM Arterial gas embolism is a major cause of death in diving and the initiating cause (pulmonary barotrauma) usually goes undetected. Caused most often by the expansion of respiratory gases during ascent, it also occurs when the breath is held during ascent from a dive, when there is local pulmonary pathology, when there is dynamic airwaycollapse
DYSBARIC OSTEONECROSIS AND DIVING Osteonecrosis – definition Dysbaric osteonecrosis is the death of a portion of the bone that is thought to be caused by nitrogen embolization “blockage” of the blood vessels in divers. Although the definitive pathologic process is poorly understood, there are several hypotheses: Intra- or extravascular nitrogen in bones, “nitrogen embolization”. SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician.MIGRAINE AND DIVING
As far as diving with migraine is concerned–there is mixed opinion as to the proper thing to do. Some think it to be an absolute contraindication to diving, others think it to not be a significant problem. The migraine following a dive might be difficult to distinguish from decompression sickness and can possibly be provokedHERNIAS AND DIVING
Hernias are openings in the abdominal wall through which abdominal contents escape and protrude to the outside. Inguinal hernias (groin) are the most freguently encountered and probably the most dangerous when diving. Of course, other types of hernia can occur, eg., umbilical (navel), incisional (post-operative), diaphragmatic (between the abdomen and the chest cavity), internal (a DIVING AFTER EYE SURGERY Individuals who have undergone ophthalmic surgical procedures should allow an appropriate period for wound healing before resuming diving. Factors increasing the risk of post-operative complications: Marine organisms may cause infections when they contaminate non-epithelialized wound surfaces of the cornea, sclera, conjunctiva, or lid tissuesThese pathogens may ARTHRITIS AND SCUBA DIVING Medical Conditions affect the safety of divers in the following ways: The effect the condition has on organs vital to safe diving (central nervous system, heart, lungs, ears, eyes) The limitation of physical ability caused by the condition; alteration of the diver/buddy relationship The effect on diving of medications taken for the condition Complex interactions ANTICOAGULANTS AND DIVING The only effect that diving while on anticoagulants will have on you is the increased chance of bleeding and internal hematomas from trauma. Diving and pressure changes should have no different effect on you than the average person. This risk is probably not KIDNEY PROBLEMS AND DIVING Diving and the physical changes that take place with the underwater environment have little to relate to the urological system. There is very little in the way of articles and reports concerning the urological system and sport diving. However, there are some factors that must be taken into consideration by the diver and his doctor SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX Spontaneous pneumothorax is an inherited disease which leaves some people with weakened areas of the pleural lining of the lung, called blebs or blisters.These can occasionally burst and cause air to leak from the lung to the chest cavity, resulting in a pneumothorax (‘airin the chest’).
ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM Arterial gas embolism is a major cause of death in diving and the initiating cause (pulmonary barotrauma) usually goes undetected. Caused most often by the expansion of respiratory gases during ascent, it also occurs when the breath is held during ascent from a dive, when there is local pulmonary pathology, when there is dynamic airwaycollapse
DYSBARIC OSTEONECROSIS AND DIVING Osteonecrosis – definition Dysbaric osteonecrosis is the death of a portion of the bone that is thought to be caused by nitrogen embolization “blockage” of the blood vessels in divers. Although the definitive pathologic process is poorly understood, there are several hypotheses: Intra- or extravascular nitrogen in bones, “nitrogen embolization”. SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician. ARTHRITIS AND SCUBA DIVING Medical Conditions affect the safety of divers in the following ways: The effect the condition has on organs vital to safe diving (central nervous system, heart, lungs, ears, eyes) The limitation of physical ability caused by the condition; alteration of the diver/buddy relationship The effect on diving of medications taken for the condition Complex interactions PHYSICAL FITNESS FOR SPORTS DIVERS INTRODUCTION The underwater environment causes a diver to be at a tremendous disadvantage due to: –the difficulty in propulsion through the surrounding water;–through rapid heat loss to water generally colder than body temperature;–breathing gas of compressed density;–the diver uses an altered cardiorespiratory system from a changed environment;–in order to prevent damage to air THE THYROID AND DIVING The thyroid gland secretes thyroxin which is a hormone that helps control the rate at which we burn up carbohydrates (metabolic rate). Too much thyroxin causes hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) — too little causes hypothyroidism (myxedema). What a diver needs to be concerned with is his/her body’s ability to function with the increased work load that hyperthyroidism DIVING WITH JOINT REPLACEMENT Knee or Hip Replacement There should be no diving limitations or restrictions placed on diving with a knee or hip replacement, or any other metallic inserts or implants. The effects of pressure are not any specific danger for implants which do not contain compressible gases. Gas laws (Boyle’s and Henry’s) don’t effect an implantedsolid;
DENTAL IMPLANTS & DIVING by Larry Stein, DDSPublished in ‘Alert Diver’, March/April 2005* More people are electing to have failing or missing teeth replaced by dental implants. I have experienced an increase in the number of questions related to dental implants and scuba diving in my capacity as a dental consultant for DAN, ScubaDoc and the Scuba Board. It DIVING EXCLUSIONS AND QUALIFICATIONS Sports Scuba Divers Medical History and Physical Examination The examination of prospective divers, sports scuba divers, underwater photographers and diving instructors should include the pertinent aspects of present and past history, review of systems and physical examination directed and designed to specifically detect those conditions that place a person in jeopardy for the following: 1).OXYGEN TOXICITY
The effects of oxygen are increased at depth so that the maximum PO2 in diving is 1.6 ATA, and this is achieved at 218 fsw breathing air, 132 fsw breathing 32% O2, and 20 fsw breathing 100% O2. This is due to the effects of Dalton’s Law which states that on descent, thepartial pressure
SARCOIDOSIS OF THE LUNGS Sarcoidosis is a disease that causes inflammation of the body’s tissues. Inflammation is a basic response of the body to injury and usually causes reddened skin, warmth, swelling, and pain. Inflammation from sarcoidosis is different. In sarcoidosis, the inflammation produces small lumps (also called nodules or granulomas) in the tissues. Unfortunately, sarcoidosis of the lungs IMMERSION HYPOTHERMIA Why is hypothermia dangerous? Hypothermia may be mild, moderate, or severe. The presentation may range from shivering and piloerection (“goosebumps”), to profound confusion, irreversible coma and death. Significant hypothermia begins at temperatures of 95 degrees F and below. The lowering of the body temperature occurs as the body is robbed of heat by the surroundings. SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician.MIGRAINE AND DIVING
As far as diving with migraine is concerned–there is mixed opinion as to the proper thing to do. Some think it to be an absolute contraindication to diving, others think it to not be a significant problem. The migraine following a dive might be difficult to distinguish from decompression sickness and can possibly be provoked ANTICOAGULANTS AND DIVING The only effect that diving while on anticoagulants will have on you is the increased chance of bleeding and internal hematomas from trauma. Diving and pressure changes should have no different effect on you than the average person. This risk is probably not PHYSICAL FITNESS FOR SPORTS DIVERS Physicians planning to evaluate sport divers require a basic knowledge of the physiology of diving and a fundamental understanding of the diving environment. It is helpful if the physician is also a diver himself. Assessment of fitness for diving must consider physical conditioning as well as limitations imposed by medical conditions.DIVING WITH ANEMIA
Anemia is a sign of disease, not the disease itself. The clinical effects include tiredness, lassitude, weakness, pallor and perhaps fever and low blood pressure. Shortness of breath and chest pain can occur after exercise. Yellow discoloration of the skin may occur in some anemias. A pragmatic definition of anemia is a state which existswhen
HERNIAS AND DIVING
Hernias are openings in the abdominal wall through which abdominal contents escape and protrude to the outside. Inguinal hernias (groin) are the most freguently encountered and probably the most dangerous when diving. Of course, other types of hernia can occur, eg., umbilical (navel), incisional (post-operative), diaphragmatic (between the abdomen and the chest cavity), internal (a KIDNEY PROBLEMS AND DIVING Diving and the physical changes that take place with the underwater environment have little to relate to the urological system. There is very little in the way of articles and reports concerning the urological system and sport diving. However, there are some factors that must be taken into consideration by the diver and his doctor SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX Spontaneous pneumothorax is an inherited disease which leaves some people with weakened areas of the pleural lining of the lung, called blebs or blisters.These can occasionally burst and cause air to leak from the lung to the chest cavity, resulting in a pneumothorax (‘airin the chest’).
OXYGEN TOXICITY
Oxygen Toxicity. The effects of oxygen are increased at depth so that the maximum PO2 in diving is 1.6 ATA, and this is achieved at 218 fsw breathing air, 132 fsw breathing 32% O2, and 20 fsw breathing 100% O2. This is due to the effects of Dalton’s Law which states that on descent, the partial pressure of all component gases increase in the ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM Arterial gas embolism is a major cause of death in diving and the initiating cause (pulmonary barotrauma) usually goes undetected. Caused most often by the expansion of respiratory gases during ascent, it also occurs when the breath is held during ascent from a dive, when there is local pulmonary pathology, when there is dynamic airwaycollapse
SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician.MIGRAINE AND DIVING
As far as diving with migraine is concerned–there is mixed opinion as to the proper thing to do. Some think it to be an absolute contraindication to diving, others think it to not be a significant problem. The migraine following a dive might be difficult to distinguish from decompression sickness and can possibly be provoked ANTICOAGULANTS AND DIVING The only effect that diving while on anticoagulants will have on you is the increased chance of bleeding and internal hematomas from trauma. Diving and pressure changes should have no different effect on you than the average person. This risk is probably not PHYSICAL FITNESS FOR SPORTS DIVERS Physicians planning to evaluate sport divers require a basic knowledge of the physiology of diving and a fundamental understanding of the diving environment. It is helpful if the physician is also a diver himself. Assessment of fitness for diving must consider physical conditioning as well as limitations imposed by medical conditions.DIVING WITH ANEMIA
Anemia is a sign of disease, not the disease itself. The clinical effects include tiredness, lassitude, weakness, pallor and perhaps fever and low blood pressure. Shortness of breath and chest pain can occur after exercise. Yellow discoloration of the skin may occur in some anemias. A pragmatic definition of anemia is a state which existswhen
HERNIAS AND DIVING
Hernias are openings in the abdominal wall through which abdominal contents escape and protrude to the outside. Inguinal hernias (groin) are the most freguently encountered and probably the most dangerous when diving. Of course, other types of hernia can occur, eg., umbilical (navel), incisional (post-operative), diaphragmatic (between the abdomen and the chest cavity), internal (a KIDNEY PROBLEMS AND DIVING Diving and the physical changes that take place with the underwater environment have little to relate to the urological system. There is very little in the way of articles and reports concerning the urological system and sport diving. However, there are some factors that must be taken into consideration by the diver and his doctor SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX Spontaneous pneumothorax is an inherited disease which leaves some people with weakened areas of the pleural lining of the lung, called blebs or blisters.These can occasionally burst and cause air to leak from the lung to the chest cavity, resulting in a pneumothorax (‘airin the chest’).
OXYGEN TOXICITY
Oxygen Toxicity. The effects of oxygen are increased at depth so that the maximum PO2 in diving is 1.6 ATA, and this is achieved at 218 fsw breathing air, 132 fsw breathing 32% O2, and 20 fsw breathing 100% O2. This is due to the effects of Dalton’s Law which states that on descent, the partial pressure of all component gases increase in the ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM Arterial gas embolism is a major cause of death in diving and the initiating cause (pulmonary barotrauma) usually goes undetected. Caused most often by the expansion of respiratory gases during ascent, it also occurs when the breath is held during ascent from a dive, when there is local pulmonary pathology, when there is dynamic airwaycollapse
SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician.VERTIGO | SCUBADOC
Vertigo or Dizziness? True vertigo or inner ear balance disturbance is often confused with other vague problems with balance such as dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, swaying or overbreathing. The differentiation is sometimes difficult, even for otologic physicians who specialize in the subject. Some experts feel that vertigo is the most hazardous ear problem to occur during ARTHRITIS AND SCUBA DIVING Medical Conditions affect the safety of divers in the following ways: The effect the condition has on organs vital to safe diving (central nervous system, heart, lungs, ears, eyes) The limitation of physical ability caused by the condition; alteration of the diver/buddy relationship The effect on diving of medications taken for the condition Complex interactions DIVING WITH JOINT REPLACEMENT Knee or Hip Replacement There should be no diving limitations or restrictions placed on diving with a knee or hip replacement, or any other metallic inserts or implants. The effects of pressure are not any specific danger for implants which do not contain compressible gases. Gas laws (Boyle’s and Henry’s) don’t effect an implantedsolid;
HYPERTENSION AND DIVING Dive if Hypertension is Well-controlled If you have mild, well-controlled hypertension with none of it’s complications, you have nothing to worry about if you are diving or plan to dive. Well-controlled hypertension means a pressure of less than 145/90 (160/95, BSAC) and complications of hypertension include renal failure, eye problems, coronary disease. SARCOIDOSIS OF THE LUNGS Sarcoidosis is a disease that causes inflammation of the body’s tissues. Inflammation is a basic response of the body to injury and usually causes reddened skin, warmth, swelling, and pain. Inflammation from sarcoidosis is different. In sarcoidosis, the inflammation produces small lumps (also called nodules or granulomas) in the tissues. Unfortunately, sarcoidosis of the lungs BLOOD DONATION AND DIVING Divers often donate blood and need to know when to resume diving. This article is meant to provide information to help answer those questions. This information should apply to any type of diving since the effect depends on the hemoglobin in the red blood cell mass rather than the partial pressures of gases. How long DYSBARIC OSTEONECROSIS AND DIVING Osteonecrosis – definition Dysbaric osteonecrosis is the death of a portion of the bone that is thought to be caused by nitrogen embolization “blockage” of the blood vessels in divers. Although the definitive pathologic process is poorly understood, there are several hypotheses: Intra- or extravascular nitrogen in bones, “nitrogen embolization”.SINUS BAROTRAUMA
Sinus Barotrauma. This most often involves the frontal or maxillary sinuses and the pressure differential usually causes the lining of the sinuses to become swollen and bleeding can ensue. Nosebleed is a common event with diving and can be caused by negative pressure within the mask or from pressure change after ascent. PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND DIVING Also, people with Parkinson’s may dive if their condition is controlled so that they can manage their gear and all of the multi-tasking that is required even on simple dives. Diving and the effects of depth/pressure would not have any effect on the condition. Levodopa is the main medication used in the treatment of PD. SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician.MIGRAINE AND DIVING
As far as diving with migraine is concerned–there is mixed opinion as to the proper thing to do. Some think it to be an absolute contraindication to diving, others think it to not be a significant problem. The migraine following a dive might be difficult to distinguish from decompression sickness and can possibly be provoked ANTICOAGULANTS AND DIVING The only effect that diving while on anticoagulants will have on you is the increased chance of bleeding and internal hematomas from trauma. Diving and pressure changes should have no different effect on you than the average person. This risk is probably not PHYSICAL FITNESS FOR SPORTS DIVERS Physicians planning to evaluate sport divers require a basic knowledge of the physiology of diving and a fundamental understanding of the diving environment. It is helpful if the physician is also a diver himself. Assessment of fitness for diving must consider physical conditioning as well as limitations imposed by medical conditions.HERNIAS AND DIVING
Hernias are openings in the abdominal wall through which abdominal contents escape and protrude to the outside. Inguinal hernias (groin) are the most freguently encountered and probably the most dangerous when diving. Of course, other types of hernia can occur, eg., umbilical (navel), incisional (post-operative), diaphragmatic (between the abdomen and the chest cavity), internal (aDIVING WITH ANEMIA
Anemia is a sign of disease, not the disease itself. The clinical effects include tiredness, lassitude, weakness, pallor and perhaps fever and low blood pressure. Shortness of breath and chest pain can occur after exercise. Yellow discoloration of the skin may occur in some anemias. A pragmatic definition of anemia is a state which existswhen
KIDNEY PROBLEMS AND DIVING Diving and the physical changes that take place with the underwater environment have little to relate to the urological system. There is very little in the way of articles and reports concerning the urological system and sport diving. However, there are some factors that must be taken into consideration by the diver and his doctor SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX Spontaneous pneumothorax is an inherited disease which leaves some people with weakened areas of the pleural lining of the lung, called blebs or blisters.These can occasionally burst and cause air to leak from the lung to the chest cavity, resulting in a pneumothorax (‘airin the chest’).
OXYGEN TOXICITY
Oxygen Toxicity. The effects of oxygen are increased at depth so that the maximum PO2 in diving is 1.6 ATA, and this is achieved at 218 fsw breathing air, 132 fsw breathing 32% O2, and 20 fsw breathing 100% O2. This is due to the effects of Dalton’s Law which states that on descent, the partial pressure of all component gases increase in the ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM Arterial gas embolism is a major cause of death in diving and the initiating cause (pulmonary barotrauma) usually goes undetected. Caused most often by the expansion of respiratory gases during ascent, it also occurs when the breath is held during ascent from a dive, when there is local pulmonary pathology, when there is dynamic airwaycollapse
SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician.MIGRAINE AND DIVING
As far as diving with migraine is concerned–there is mixed opinion as to the proper thing to do. Some think it to be an absolute contraindication to diving, others think it to not be a significant problem. The migraine following a dive might be difficult to distinguish from decompression sickness and can possibly be provoked ANTICOAGULANTS AND DIVING The only effect that diving while on anticoagulants will have on you is the increased chance of bleeding and internal hematomas from trauma. Diving and pressure changes should have no different effect on you than the average person. This risk is probably not PHYSICAL FITNESS FOR SPORTS DIVERS Physicians planning to evaluate sport divers require a basic knowledge of the physiology of diving and a fundamental understanding of the diving environment. It is helpful if the physician is also a diver himself. Assessment of fitness for diving must consider physical conditioning as well as limitations imposed by medical conditions.DIVING WITH ANEMIA
Anemia is a sign of disease, not the disease itself. The clinical effects include tiredness, lassitude, weakness, pallor and perhaps fever and low blood pressure. Shortness of breath and chest pain can occur after exercise. Yellow discoloration of the skin may occur in some anemias. A pragmatic definition of anemia is a state which existswhen
HERNIAS AND DIVING
Hernias are openings in the abdominal wall through which abdominal contents escape and protrude to the outside. Inguinal hernias (groin) are the most freguently encountered and probably the most dangerous when diving. Of course, other types of hernia can occur, eg., umbilical (navel), incisional (post-operative), diaphragmatic (between the abdomen and the chest cavity), internal (a KIDNEY PROBLEMS AND DIVING Diving and the physical changes that take place with the underwater environment have little to relate to the urological system. There is very little in the way of articles and reports concerning the urological system and sport diving. However, there are some factors that must be taken into consideration by the diver and his doctor SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX Spontaneous pneumothorax is an inherited disease which leaves some people with weakened areas of the pleural lining of the lung, called blebs or blisters.These can occasionally burst and cause air to leak from the lung to the chest cavity, resulting in a pneumothorax (‘airin the chest’).
OXYGEN TOXICITY
Oxygen Toxicity. The effects of oxygen are increased at depth so that the maximum PO2 in diving is 1.6 ATA, and this is achieved at 218 fsw breathing air, 132 fsw breathing 32% O2, and 20 fsw breathing 100% O2. This is due to the effects of Dalton’s Law which states that on descent, the partial pressure of all component gases increase in the ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM Arterial gas embolism is a major cause of death in diving and the initiating cause (pulmonary barotrauma) usually goes undetected. Caused most often by the expansion of respiratory gases during ascent, it also occurs when the breath is held during ascent from a dive, when there is local pulmonary pathology, when there is dynamic airwaycollapse
SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician.VERTIGO | SCUBADOC
Vertigo or Dizziness? True vertigo or inner ear balance disturbance is often confused with other vague problems with balance such as dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, swaying or overbreathing. The differentiation is sometimes difficult, even for otologic physicians who specialize in the subject. Some experts feel that vertigo is the most hazardous ear problem to occur during ARTHRITIS AND SCUBA DIVING Medical Conditions affect the safety of divers in the following ways: The effect the condition has on organs vital to safe diving (central nervous system, heart, lungs, ears, eyes) The limitation of physical ability caused by the condition; alteration of the diver/buddy relationship The effect on diving of medications taken for the condition Complex interactions DIVING WITH JOINT REPLACEMENT Knee or Hip Replacement There should be no diving limitations or restrictions placed on diving with a knee or hip replacement, or any other metallic inserts or implants. The effects of pressure are not any specific danger for implants which do not contain compressible gases. Gas laws (Boyle’s and Henry’s) don’t effect an implantedsolid;
HYPERTENSION AND DIVING Dive if Hypertension is Well-controlled If you have mild, well-controlled hypertension with none of it’s complications, you have nothing to worry about if you are diving or plan to dive. Well-controlled hypertension means a pressure of less than 145/90 (160/95, BSAC) and complications of hypertension include renal failure, eye problems, coronary disease. SARCOIDOSIS OF THE LUNGS Sarcoidosis is a disease that causes inflammation of the body’s tissues. Inflammation is a basic response of the body to injury and usually causes reddened skin, warmth, swelling, and pain. Inflammation from sarcoidosis is different. In sarcoidosis, the inflammation produces small lumps (also called nodules or granulomas) in the tissues. Unfortunately, sarcoidosis of the lungs BLOOD DONATION AND DIVING Divers often donate blood and need to know when to resume diving. This article is meant to provide information to help answer those questions. This information should apply to any type of diving since the effect depends on the hemoglobin in the red blood cell mass rather than the partial pressures of gases. How long DYSBARIC OSTEONECROSIS AND DIVING Osteonecrosis – definition Dysbaric osteonecrosis is the death of a portion of the bone that is thought to be caused by nitrogen embolization “blockage” of the blood vessels in divers. Although the definitive pathologic process is poorly understood, there are several hypotheses: Intra- or extravascular nitrogen in bones, “nitrogen embolization”.SINUS BAROTRAUMA
Sinus Barotrauma. This most often involves the frontal or maxillary sinuses and the pressure differential usually causes the lining of the sinuses to become swollen and bleeding can ensue. Nosebleed is a common event with diving and can be caused by negative pressure within the mask or from pressure change after ascent. PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND DIVING Also, people with Parkinson’s may dive if their condition is controlled so that they can manage their gear and all of the multi-tasking that is required even on simple dives. Diving and the effects of depth/pressure would not have any effect on the condition. Levodopa is the main medication used in the treatment of PD. SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician.MIGRAINE AND DIVING
As far as diving with migraine is concerned–there is mixed opinion as to the proper thing to do. Some think it to be an absolute contraindication to diving, others think it to not be a significant problem. The migraine following a dive might be difficult to distinguish from decompression sickness and can possibly be provoked ANTICOAGULANTS AND DIVING The only effect that diving while on anticoagulants will have on you is the increased chance of bleeding and internal hematomas from trauma. Diving and pressure changes should have no different effect on you than the average person. This risk is probably not PHYSICAL FITNESS FOR SPORTS DIVERS Physicians planning to evaluate sport divers require a basic knowledge of the physiology of diving and a fundamental understanding of the diving environment. It is helpful if the physician is also a diver himself. Assessment of fitness for diving must consider physical conditioning as well as limitations imposed by medical conditions.HERNIAS AND DIVING
Hernias are openings in the abdominal wall through which abdominal contents escape and protrude to the outside. Inguinal hernias (groin) are the most freguently encountered and probably the most dangerous when diving. Of course, other types of hernia can occur, eg., umbilical (navel), incisional (post-operative), diaphragmatic (between the abdomen and the chest cavity), internal (aDIVING WITH ANEMIA
Anemia is a sign of disease, not the disease itself. The clinical effects include tiredness, lassitude, weakness, pallor and perhaps fever and low blood pressure. Shortness of breath and chest pain can occur after exercise. Yellow discoloration of the skin may occur in some anemias. A pragmatic definition of anemia is a state which existswhen
KIDNEY PROBLEMS AND DIVING Diving and the physical changes that take place with the underwater environment have little to relate to the urological system. There is very little in the way of articles and reports concerning the urological system and sport diving. However, there are some factors that must be taken into consideration by the diver and his doctor SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX Spontaneous pneumothorax is an inherited disease which leaves some people with weakened areas of the pleural lining of the lung, called blebs or blisters.These can occasionally burst and cause air to leak from the lung to the chest cavity, resulting in a pneumothorax (‘airin the chest’).
OXYGEN TOXICITY
Oxygen Toxicity. The effects of oxygen are increased at depth so that the maximum PO2 in diving is 1.6 ATA, and this is achieved at 218 fsw breathing air, 132 fsw breathing 32% O2, and 20 fsw breathing 100% O2. This is due to the effects of Dalton’s Law which states that on descent, the partial pressure of all component gases increase in the ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM Arterial gas embolism is a major cause of death in diving and the initiating cause (pulmonary barotrauma) usually goes undetected. Caused most often by the expansion of respiratory gases during ascent, it also occurs when the breath is held during ascent from a dive, when there is local pulmonary pathology, when there is dynamic airwaycollapse
SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician.MIGRAINE AND DIVING
As far as diving with migraine is concerned–there is mixed opinion as to the proper thing to do. Some think it to be an absolute contraindication to diving, others think it to not be a significant problem. The migraine following a dive might be difficult to distinguish from decompression sickness and can possibly be provoked ANTICOAGULANTS AND DIVING The only effect that diving while on anticoagulants will have on you is the increased chance of bleeding and internal hematomas from trauma. Diving and pressure changes should have no different effect on you than the average person. This risk is probably not PHYSICAL FITNESS FOR SPORTS DIVERS Physicians planning to evaluate sport divers require a basic knowledge of the physiology of diving and a fundamental understanding of the diving environment. It is helpful if the physician is also a diver himself. Assessment of fitness for diving must consider physical conditioning as well as limitations imposed by medical conditions.HERNIAS AND DIVING
Hernias are openings in the abdominal wall through which abdominal contents escape and protrude to the outside. Inguinal hernias (groin) are the most freguently encountered and probably the most dangerous when diving. Of course, other types of hernia can occur, eg., umbilical (navel), incisional (post-operative), diaphragmatic (between the abdomen and the chest cavity), internal (aDIVING WITH ANEMIA
Anemia is a sign of disease, not the disease itself. The clinical effects include tiredness, lassitude, weakness, pallor and perhaps fever and low blood pressure. Shortness of breath and chest pain can occur after exercise. Yellow discoloration of the skin may occur in some anemias. A pragmatic definition of anemia is a state which existswhen
KIDNEY PROBLEMS AND DIVING Diving and the physical changes that take place with the underwater environment have little to relate to the urological system. There is very little in the way of articles and reports concerning the urological system and sport diving. However, there are some factors that must be taken into consideration by the diver and his doctor SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX Spontaneous pneumothorax is an inherited disease which leaves some people with weakened areas of the pleural lining of the lung, called blebs or blisters.These can occasionally burst and cause air to leak from the lung to the chest cavity, resulting in a pneumothorax (‘airin the chest’).
OXYGEN TOXICITY
Oxygen Toxicity. The effects of oxygen are increased at depth so that the maximum PO2 in diving is 1.6 ATA, and this is achieved at 218 fsw breathing air, 132 fsw breathing 32% O2, and 20 fsw breathing 100% O2. This is due to the effects of Dalton’s Law which states that on descent, the partial pressure of all component gases increase in the ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM Arterial gas embolism is a major cause of death in diving and the initiating cause (pulmonary barotrauma) usually goes undetected. Caused most often by the expansion of respiratory gases during ascent, it also occurs when the breath is held during ascent from a dive, when there is local pulmonary pathology, when there is dynamic airwaycollapse
SCUBADOC | DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE | COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE SCUBADOC Diving Medicine Online Comprehensive information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving physician and the specialist. Dive in The information provided on Scubadoc’s Diving Medicine Online is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician.VERTIGO | SCUBADOC
Vertigo or Dizziness? True vertigo or inner ear balance disturbance is often confused with other vague problems with balance such as dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, swaying or overbreathing. The differentiation is sometimes difficult, even for otologic physicians who specialize in the subject. Some experts feel that vertigo is the most hazardous ear problem to occur during ARTHRITIS AND SCUBA DIVING Medical Conditions affect the safety of divers in the following ways: The effect the condition has on organs vital to safe diving (central nervous system, heart, lungs, ears, eyes) The limitation of physical ability caused by the condition; alteration of the diver/buddy relationship The effect on diving of medications taken for the condition Complex interactions DIVING WITH JOINT REPLACEMENT Knee or Hip Replacement There should be no diving limitations or restrictions placed on diving with a knee or hip replacement, or any other metallic inserts or implants. The effects of pressure are not any specific danger for implants which do not contain compressible gases. Gas laws (Boyle’s and Henry’s) don’t effect an implantedsolid;
HYPERTENSION AND DIVING Dive if Hypertension is Well-controlled If you have mild, well-controlled hypertension with none of it’s complications, you have nothing to worry about if you are diving or plan to dive. Well-controlled hypertension means a pressure of less than 145/90 (160/95, BSAC) and complications of hypertension include renal failure, eye problems, coronary disease. SARCOIDOSIS OF THE LUNGS Sarcoidosis is a disease that causes inflammation of the body’s tissues. Inflammation is a basic response of the body to injury and usually causes reddened skin, warmth, swelling, and pain. Inflammation from sarcoidosis is different. In sarcoidosis, the inflammation produces small lumps (also called nodules or granulomas) in the tissues. Unfortunately, sarcoidosis of the lungs BLOOD DONATION AND DIVING Divers often donate blood and need to know when to resume diving. This article is meant to provide information to help answer those questions. This information should apply to any type of diving since the effect depends on the hemoglobin in the red blood cell mass rather than the partial pressures of gases. How long DYSBARIC OSTEONECROSIS AND DIVING Osteonecrosis – definition Dysbaric osteonecrosis is the death of a portion of the bone that is thought to be caused by nitrogen embolization “blockage” of the blood vessels in divers. Although the definitive pathologic process is poorly understood, there are several hypotheses: Intra- or extravascular nitrogen in bones, “nitrogen embolization”.SINUS BAROTRAUMA
Sinus Barotrauma. This most often involves the frontal or maxillary sinuses and the pressure differential usually causes the lining of the sinuses to become swollen and bleeding can ensue. Nosebleed is a common event with diving and can be caused by negative pressure within the mask or from pressure change after ascent. PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND DIVING Also, people with Parkinson’s may dive if their condition is controlled so that they can manage their gear and all of the multi-tasking that is required even on simple dives. Diving and the effects of depth/pressure would not have any effect on the condition. Levodopa is the main medication used in the treatment of PD.* Scubadoc
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