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UTMJ.ORG
UTMJ Volume 94, Number 1, December 2016 1 A student-run scientific publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal. Table of Contents. Front cover photography by OksaTABLE OF CONTENTS
T Volue 98 uber 2 arch 2021 1 T %WXYHIRX VYRWGMIRXM½GTYFPMGEXMSRWMRGI 9RMZIVWMX]SJ8SVSRXS1IHMGEP.SYVREP PREFACE 3 Introduction to 98th volume of the University of Toronto Medical Journal Issue on Social Determinants of HealthUTMJ.ORG
UTMJ VOLUME 78 / No 1 DECEMBER 2000 4 Letter to Patrons 5 Preface 8 Patients with Facial Difference: Assessment of Information and Psychosocial Support Needs Karen M. Horton, LornUTMJ.ORG
65.+t7PMVNF /VNCFS %FDFNCFS 9 Interview. D. r. Rachlis is a graduate of the University of Manitoba . Medical School and completed specialty training in Community Medicine a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. We publish original research articles submitted by researchers and medical professionals from around the world. 2020-2021 UTMJ EDITORIAL TEAM 6 UTMJ Volume umer 2 March 2021 UTMJ %WXYHIRX VYRWGMIRXM½GTYFPMGEXMSRWMRGI 9RMZIVWMX]SJ8SVSRXS1IHMGEP.SYVREP Muhammad Maaz Saba Manzoor Vienna Mazzoli LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI'S ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF UTM Volume 9, Number 3, une 2020 29 Reviews Lactobacillus reuteri's role in the prevention of colorectal cancer: a review of literature Abstract Background: Probiotics have many health benefits, which include decreasing intestinal inflammation and COMMENTARIES GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF 78 UTMJ Volume 96, Number 3, June 2019 Commentaries Corresponding Author: Steven R. Laviolette steven.laviolette@schulich.uwo.ca Growing up high: Understanding the impacts of adolescent UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL A student-run scientic publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal University of Toronto Medical Journal, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2260, Medical HEALTH POLICY AND ECONOMICS US DRUG POLICY: LESSONS FOR CANADA 106 UTMJ Volume 90 Number 3 March 2013 Health Policy and Economics US Drug Policy: Lessons for Canada. Daniel Heffner, B.Sc (Pharm), Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaUTMJ.ORG
UTMJ Volume 94, Number 1, December 2016 1 A student-run scientific publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal. Table of Contents. Front cover photography by OksaTABLE OF CONTENTS
T Volue 98 uber 2 arch 2021 1 T %WXYHIRX VYRWGMIRXM½GTYFPMGEXMSRWMRGI 9RMZIVWMX]SJ8SVSRXS1IHMGEP.SYVREP PREFACE 3 Introduction to 98th volume of the University of Toronto Medical Journal Issue on Social Determinants of HealthUTMJ.ORG
UTMJ VOLUME 78 / No 1 DECEMBER 2000 4 Letter to Patrons 5 Preface 8 Patients with Facial Difference: Assessment of Information and Psychosocial Support Needs Karen M. Horton, LornUTMJ.ORG
65.+t7PMVNF /VNCFS %FDFNCFS 9 Interview. D. r. Rachlis is a graduate of the University of Manitoba . Medical School and completed specialty training in Community Medicine a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. We publish original research articles submitted by researchers and medical professionals from around the world.UTMJ.ORG
Created Date: 3/20/2020 9:13:33 PM REVIEWS A SYSTEMATIC META-REVIEW OF PREDICTORS OF ADVERSE TM Volume 98 Number 2 March 2021 69 Corresponding Author: Emily Snook emily.snook@mail.utoronto.ca A systematic meta-review of predictors ofadverse effect
TABLE OF CONTENTS
T Volue 98 uber 2 arch 2021 1 T %WXYHIRX VYRWGMIRXM½GTYFPMGEXMSRWMRGI 9RMZIVWMX]SJ8SVSRXS1IHMGEP.SYVREP PREFACE 3 Introduction to 98th volume of the University of Toronto Medical Journal Issue on Social Determinants of HealthUTMJ.ORG
UTMJ Volume 94, Number 1, December 2016 1 A student-run scientific publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal. Table of Contents. Front cover photography by Oksa IMAGING CASE REPORT SKELETAL MANIFESTATIONS OF 10 UTMJ • Volume 89, Number 1, December 2011 Imaging Case Report Skeletal Manifestations of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 markable sizes and are at risk of undergoing transformation to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST).6 Depending on their size and location, plexiform neurofibro- MEDICAL EDUCATION CREATING AN INVERTED OPTHALMOLOGY E 32 Medical Education Creating an Inverted Opthalmology E-Learning Classroom M olume 2 umber 2 March 21 work through the most intellectually demanding steps withUTMJ.ORG
65.+t7PMVNF /VNCFS %FDFNCFS 9 Interview. D. r. Rachlis is a graduate of the University of Manitoba . Medical School and completed specialty training in Community Medicine aUTMJ.ORG
VOLUME 81 / No 1 DECEMBER 2003 5 Preface 6 Hypertension in Guyana: Lessons from a Health Promotion Program Amy Cheng, Chris Prabhakar, Varun Kapila, Natasha Sukhai and Jose Monzon HEALTH POLICY AND ECONOMICS WILL OPERATE FOR FOOD? A 65.+t7PMVNF /VNCFS %FDFNCFS 21 Health Policy and Economics Will Operate for Food? A Medical Student’s Perspective Anthony Vo, MD Candidate 2015, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. We publish original research articles submitted by researchers and medical professionals from around the world. LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI'S ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF UTM Volume 9, Number 3, une 2020 29 Reviews Lactobacillus reuteri's role in the prevention of colorectal cancer: a review of literature Abstract Background: Probiotics have many health benefits, which include decreasing intestinal inflammation andTABLE OF CONTENTS
T Volue 98 uber 2 arch 2021 1 T %WXYHIRX VYRWGMIRXM½GTYFPMGEXMSRWMRGI 9RMZIVWMX]SJ8SVSRXS1IHMGEP.SYVREP PREFACE 3 Introduction to 98th volume of the University of Toronto Medical Journal Issue on Social Determinants of Health UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL A student-run scientic publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal University of Toronto Medical Journal, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2260, Medical HEALTH POLICY AND ECONOMICS US DRUG POLICY: LESSONS FOR CANADA 106 UTMJ Volume 90 Number 3 March 2013 Health Policy and Economics US Drug Policy: Lessons for Canada. Daniel Heffner, B.Sc (Pharm), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia COMMENTARIES GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF 78 UTMJ Volume 96, Number 3, June 2019 Commentaries Corresponding Author: Steven R. Laviolette steven.laviolette@schulich.uwo.ca Growing up high: Understanding the impacts of adolescentUTMJ
UTMJ A student-run scientific publication since 1923 Volume 86, Number 1, December 2008 www.utmj.org University of Toronto Medical JournalFocus on Vaccines:
UTMJ.ORG
UTMJ Volume 94, Number 1, December 2016 1 A student-run scientific publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal. Table of Contents. Front cover photography by OksaUTMJ.ORG
VOLUME 81 / No 1 DECEMBER 2003 5 Preface 6 Hypertension in Guyana: Lessons from a Health Promotion Program Amy Cheng, Chris Prabhakar, Varun Kapila, Natasha Sukhai and Jose MonzonUTMJ.ORG
VOLUME 82 / No 2 MARCH 2005 81 Preface 82 HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of a Rural Community in Kep, Kingdom of Cambodia Edith Y. Ho and Dr. Shiv Grewal 88 UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. We publish original research articles submitted by researchers and medical professionals from around the world. LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI'S ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF UTM Volume 9, Number 3, une 2020 29 Reviews Lactobacillus reuteri's role in the prevention of colorectal cancer: a review of literature Abstract Background: Probiotics have many health benefits, which include decreasing intestinal inflammation andTABLE OF CONTENTS
T Volue 98 uber 2 arch 2021 1 T %WXYHIRX VYRWGMIRXM½GTYFPMGEXMSRWMRGI 9RMZIVWMX]SJ8SVSRXS1IHMGEP.SYVREP PREFACE 3 Introduction to 98th volume of the University of Toronto Medical Journal Issue on Social Determinants of Health UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL A student-run scientic publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal University of Toronto Medical Journal, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2260, Medical HEALTH POLICY AND ECONOMICS US DRUG POLICY: LESSONS FOR CANADA 106 UTMJ Volume 90 Number 3 March 2013 Health Policy and Economics US Drug Policy: Lessons for Canada. Daniel Heffner, B.Sc (Pharm), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia COMMENTARIES GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF 78 UTMJ Volume 96, Number 3, June 2019 Commentaries Corresponding Author: Steven R. Laviolette steven.laviolette@schulich.uwo.ca Growing up high: Understanding the impacts of adolescentUTMJ
UTMJ A student-run scientific publication since 1923 Volume 86, Number 1, December 2008 www.utmj.org University of Toronto Medical JournalFocus on Vaccines:
UTMJ.ORG
UTMJ Volume 94, Number 1, December 2016 1 A student-run scientific publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal. Table of Contents. Front cover photography by OksaUTMJ.ORG
VOLUME 81 / No 1 DECEMBER 2003 5 Preface 6 Hypertension in Guyana: Lessons from a Health Promotion Program Amy Cheng, Chris Prabhakar, Varun Kapila, Natasha Sukhai and Jose MonzonUTMJ.ORG
VOLUME 82 / No 2 MARCH 2005 81 Preface 82 HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of a Rural Community in Kep, Kingdom of Cambodia Edith Y. Ho and Dr. Shiv Grewal 88 2020-2021 UTMJ EDITORIAL TEAM 6 UTMJ Volume umer 2 March 2021 UTMJ %WXYHIRX VYRWGMIRXM½GTYFPMGEXMSRWMRGI 9RMZIVWMX]SJ8SVSRXS1IHMGEP.SYVREP Muhammad Maaz Saba Manzoor Vienna MazzoliUTMJ
UTMJ A student-run scientific publication since 1923 Volume 86, Number 1, December 2008 www.utmj.org University of Toronto Medical JournalFocus on Vaccines:
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL A student-run scientic publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal University of Toronto Medical Journal, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2260, Medical PERSPECTIVES LET’S TALK… ABOUT FARMERS: TRUMP’S TRADE WAR 56 Let’s talk about farmers: Trump’s Trade War and a looming mental health crisis UTMJ Volume 96, Number 2, March 2019 Perspectives mental health services to agricultural workers, a 24/7 crisis line,UTMJ
VOLUME 82 / No 3 MAY 2005 157 Preface 158 The Impact of the 2003 SARS Outbreak on Medical Students at the University of TorontoUTMJ.ORG
VOLUME 81 / No 1 DECEMBER 2003 5 Preface 6 Hypertension in Guyana: Lessons from a Health Promotion Program Amy Cheng, Chris Prabhakar, Varun Kapila, Natasha Sukhai and Jose Monzon THE HUMAN MICROBIOME HOST-INTESTINAL MICROBE INTERACTIONS 30 The Human Microbiome UTMJ • Volume 92, Number 3, May 2015 Host-Intestinal Microbe Interactions in Human Health and Disease Richard You Wu MD/PhD Candidate, Faculty REVIEWS REJUVENATING THE ELDERLY 37 Rejuvenating the Elderly – A Scientific Approach for Tackling Geriatric Intensive Care UTM olume 9 umber 3 une 08 depleted with time, and this contributes to impaired turnoverUTMJ.ORG
the 2015-2016 year of the University of Toronto Medi-cal Journal. For this issue, we decided on the theme of Medicine and Health in the Community because, though the pace of discoUTMJ.ORG
65.+t7PMVNF /VNCFS %FDFNCFS 9 Interview. D. r. Rachlis is a graduate of the University of Manitoba . Medical School and completed specialty training in Community Medicine a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. We publish original research articles submitted by researchers and medical professionals from around the world. 2020-2021 UTMJ EDITORIAL TEAM 6 UTMJ Volume umer 2 March 2021 UTMJ %WXYHIRX VYRWGMIRXM½GTYFPMGEXMSRWMRGI 9RMZIVWMX]SJ8SVSRXS1IHMGEP.SYVREP Muhammad Maaz Saba Manzoor Vienna Mazzoli LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI'S ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF UTM Volume 9, Number 3, une 2020 29 Reviews Lactobacillus reuteri's role in the prevention of colorectal cancer: a review of literature Abstract Background: Probiotics have many health benefits, which include decreasing intestinal inflammation and UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL A student-run scientic publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal University of Toronto Medical Journal, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2260, Medical COMMENTARIES GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF 78 UTMJ Volume 96, Number 3, June 2019 Commentaries Corresponding Author: Steven R. Laviolette steven.laviolette@schulich.uwo.ca Growing up high: Understanding the impacts of adolescentUTMJ.ORG
Created Date: 3/20/2020 9:13:33 PM HEALTH POLICY AND ECONOMICS US DRUG POLICY: LESSONS FOR CANADA 106 UTMJ Volume 90 Number 3 March 2013 Health Policy and Economics US Drug Policy: Lessons for Canada. Daniel Heffner, B.Sc (Pharm), Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaUTMJ.ORG
UTMJ Volume 94, Number 1, December 2016 1 A student-run scientific publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal. Table of Contents. Front cover photography by OksaUTMJ.ORG
UTMJ VOLUME 78 / No 1 DECEMBER 2000 4 Letter to Patrons 5 Preface 8 Patients with Facial Difference: Assessment of Information and Psychosocial Support Needs Karen M. Horton, LornUTMJ.ORG
65.+t7PMVNF /VNCFS %FDFNCFS 9 Interview. D. r. Rachlis is a graduate of the University of Manitoba . Medical School and completed specialty training in Community Medicine a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. We publish original research articles submitted by researchers and medical professionals from around the world. 2020-2021 UTMJ EDITORIAL TEAM 6 UTMJ Volume umer 2 March 2021 UTMJ %WXYHIRX VYRWGMIRXM½GTYFPMGEXMSRWMRGI 9RMZIVWMX]SJ8SVSRXS1IHMGEP.SYVREP Muhammad Maaz Saba Manzoor Vienna Mazzoli LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI'S ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF UTM Volume 9, Number 3, une 2020 29 Reviews Lactobacillus reuteri's role in the prevention of colorectal cancer: a review of literature Abstract Background: Probiotics have many health benefits, which include decreasing intestinal inflammation and UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL A student-run scientic publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal University of Toronto Medical Journal, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2260, Medical COMMENTARIES GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF 78 UTMJ Volume 96, Number 3, June 2019 Commentaries Corresponding Author: Steven R. Laviolette steven.laviolette@schulich.uwo.ca Growing up high: Understanding the impacts of adolescentUTMJ.ORG
Created Date: 3/20/2020 9:13:33 PM HEALTH POLICY AND ECONOMICS US DRUG POLICY: LESSONS FOR CANADA 106 UTMJ Volume 90 Number 3 March 2013 Health Policy and Economics US Drug Policy: Lessons for Canada. Daniel Heffner, B.Sc (Pharm), Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaUTMJ.ORG
UTMJ Volume 94, Number 1, December 2016 1 A student-run scientific publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal. Table of Contents. Front cover photography by OksaUTMJ.ORG
UTMJ VOLUME 78 / No 1 DECEMBER 2000 4 Letter to Patrons 5 Preface 8 Patients with Facial Difference: Assessment of Information and Psychosocial Support Needs Karen M. Horton, LornUTMJ.ORG
65.+t7PMVNF /VNCFS %FDFNCFS 9 Interview. D. r. Rachlis is a graduate of the University of Manitoba . Medical School and completed specialty training in Community Medicine a VOL. 98 NO. 1 (2021): COVID-19 Published: 2021-01-30 Introduction to 98th volume of the University of Toronto Medical Journal Issue on COVID-19 Yuliya Lytvyn and Maleeha A. Qazi, Editors-in-Chief INFORMATION FOR READERS The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. The UTMJ publishes scholarly articles on a variety of important and timely topics that are relevant to our international readership. VOL. 97 NO. 3 (2020): MICROBIOME Published: 2020-06-02. We are thrilled to present Volume 97, Issue 3 of the University of Toronto Medical Journal, which focuses on the important and evolving topic of the Human Microbiome. The Spring 2015 Issue of the University of Toronto Medical Journal first considered the Human Microbiome, exploring this burgeoning field and itspotential
CONTACT | UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. The UTMJ publishes scholarly articles on a variety of important and timely topics that are relevant to our international readership.SUBMISSIONS
The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. The UTMJ publishes scholarly articles on a variety of important and timely topics that are relevant to our international readership. POLYPHARMACY IN THE AGE OF COVID-19: MEDICATION MANAGEMENT Polypharmacy has been implicated in adverse drug events, excessive healthcare spending, and complications in the management of COVID-19. Multimorbid older adults suffer some of the most severe COVID-19 health outcomes and are at the highest risk of polypharmacy. This article aims to highlight the issue of polypharmacy in the context of the current pandemic and suggests several COMMENTARIES VULNERABILITY, SOCIAL TRIAGE AND THE COVID-19 6 UTMJ Volume 98, Number 1, January 2021 Commentaries Vulnerability, social triage and the COVID-19 pandemic Chloe G. K. Atkins,PhD 1; Andrea Whiteley, PhD 1Department of Political Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario Racial and ethnic minorities, and those with lower incomes, have GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF ADOLESCENT The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. The UTMJ publishes scholarly articles on a variety of important and timely topics that are relevant to our international readership. GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF ADOLESCENT Adolescence represents one of the most crucial periods of human brain development. This unique neurodevelopmental window involves a complex interplay of synaptic re-modelling, the establishing of cortical and sub-cortical emotional processing and cognitive neural circuits along with a greater propensity for engaging in risky behaviours and experimentation with illicit drugs. PERSPECTIVES VIEWPOINT: THE EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF 24 65.+t7PMVNF /VNCFS %FDFNCFS Perspectives IntroductionS ternalis muscle (SM) is recognized by anatomists as a variant muscle of the anterior thoracic wall.1,2 SM has a reported incidence of approximately 3-8% of the popu- UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. We publish original research articles submitted by researchers and medical professionals from around the world. 2020-2021 UTMJ EDITORIAL TEAM 6 UTMJ Volume umer 2 March 2021 UTMJ %WXYHIRX VYRWGMIRXM½GTYFPMGEXMSRWMRGI 9RMZIVWMX]SJ8SVSRXS1IHMGEP.SYVREP Muhammad Maaz Saba Manzoor Vienna Mazzoli LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI'S ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF UTM Volume 9, Number 3, une 2020 29 Reviews Lactobacillus reuteri's role in the prevention of colorectal cancer: a review of literature Abstract Background: Probiotics have many health benefits, which include decreasing intestinal inflammation and UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL A student-run scientic publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal University of Toronto Medical Journal, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2260, Medical COMMENTARIES GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF 78 UTMJ Volume 96, Number 3, June 2019 Commentaries Corresponding Author: Steven R. Laviolette steven.laviolette@schulich.uwo.ca Growing up high: Understanding the impacts of adolescentUTMJ.ORG
Created Date: 3/20/2020 9:13:33 PM HEALTH POLICY AND ECONOMICS US DRUG POLICY: LESSONS FOR CANADA 106 UTMJ Volume 90 Number 3 March 2013 Health Policy and Economics US Drug Policy: Lessons for Canada. Daniel Heffner, B.Sc (Pharm), Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaUTMJ.ORG
UTMJ Volume 94, Number 1, December 2016 1 A student-run scientific publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal. Table of Contents. Front cover photography by OksaUTMJ.ORG
UTMJ VOLUME 78 / No 1 DECEMBER 2000 4 Letter to Patrons 5 Preface 8 Patients with Facial Difference: Assessment of Information and Psychosocial Support Needs Karen M. Horton, LornUTMJ.ORG
65.+t7PMVNF /VNCFS %FDFNCFS 9 Interview. D. r. Rachlis is a graduate of the University of Manitoba . Medical School and completed specialty training in Community Medicine a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. We publish original research articles submitted by researchers and medical professionals from around the world. 2020-2021 UTMJ EDITORIAL TEAM 6 UTMJ Volume umer 2 March 2021 UTMJ %WXYHIRX VYRWGMIRXM½GTYFPMGEXMSRWMRGI 9RMZIVWMX]SJ8SVSRXS1IHMGEP.SYVREP Muhammad Maaz Saba Manzoor Vienna Mazzoli LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI'S ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF UTM Volume 9, Number 3, une 2020 29 Reviews Lactobacillus reuteri's role in the prevention of colorectal cancer: a review of literature Abstract Background: Probiotics have many health benefits, which include decreasing intestinal inflammation and UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL A student-run scientic publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal University of Toronto Medical Journal, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2260, Medical COMMENTARIES GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF 78 UTMJ Volume 96, Number 3, June 2019 Commentaries Corresponding Author: Steven R. Laviolette steven.laviolette@schulich.uwo.ca Growing up high: Understanding the impacts of adolescentUTMJ.ORG
Created Date: 3/20/2020 9:13:33 PM HEALTH POLICY AND ECONOMICS US DRUG POLICY: LESSONS FOR CANADA 106 UTMJ Volume 90 Number 3 March 2013 Health Policy and Economics US Drug Policy: Lessons for Canada. Daniel Heffner, B.Sc (Pharm), Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaUTMJ.ORG
UTMJ Volume 94, Number 1, December 2016 1 A student-run scientific publication since 1923 University of Toronto Medical Journal. Table of Contents. Front cover photography by OksaUTMJ.ORG
UTMJ VOLUME 78 / No 1 DECEMBER 2000 4 Letter to Patrons 5 Preface 8 Patients with Facial Difference: Assessment of Information and Psychosocial Support Needs Karen M. Horton, LornUTMJ.ORG
65.+t7PMVNF /VNCFS %FDFNCFS 9 Interview. D. r. Rachlis is a graduate of the University of Manitoba . Medical School and completed specialty training in Community Medicine a VOL. 98 NO. 1 (2021): COVID-19 Published: 2021-01-30 Introduction to 98th volume of the University of Toronto Medical Journal Issue on COVID-19 Yuliya Lytvyn and Maleeha A. Qazi, Editors-in-Chief INFORMATION FOR READERS The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. The UTMJ publishes scholarly articles on a variety of important and timely topics that are relevant to our international readership. VOL. 97 NO. 3 (2020): MICROBIOME Published: 2020-06-02. We are thrilled to present Volume 97, Issue 3 of the University of Toronto Medical Journal, which focuses on the important and evolving topic of the Human Microbiome. The Spring 2015 Issue of the University of Toronto Medical Journal first considered the Human Microbiome, exploring this burgeoning field and itspotential
CONTACT | UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. The UTMJ publishes scholarly articles on a variety of important and timely topics that are relevant to our international readership.SUBMISSIONS
The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. The UTMJ publishes scholarly articles on a variety of important and timely topics that are relevant to our international readership. POLYPHARMACY IN THE AGE OF COVID-19: MEDICATION MANAGEMENT Polypharmacy has been implicated in adverse drug events, excessive healthcare spending, and complications in the management of COVID-19. Multimorbid older adults suffer some of the most severe COVID-19 health outcomes and are at the highest risk of polypharmacy. This article aims to highlight the issue of polypharmacy in the context of the current pandemic and suggests several COMMENTARIES VULNERABILITY, SOCIAL TRIAGE AND THE COVID-19 6 UTMJ Volume 98, Number 1, January 2021 Commentaries Vulnerability, social triage and the COVID-19 pandemic Chloe G. K. Atkins,PhD 1; Andrea Whiteley, PhD 1Department of Political Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario Racial and ethnic minorities, and those with lower incomes, have GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF ADOLESCENT The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. The UTMJ publishes scholarly articles on a variety of important and timely topics that are relevant to our international readership. GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF ADOLESCENT Adolescence represents one of the most crucial periods of human brain development. This unique neurodevelopmental window involves a complex interplay of synaptic re-modelling, the establishing of cortical and sub-cortical emotional processing and cognitive neural circuits along with a greater propensity for engaging in risky behaviours and experimentation with illicit drugs. PERSPECTIVES VIEWPOINT: THE EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF 24 65.+t7PMVNF /VNCFS %FDFNCFS Perspectives IntroductionS ternalis muscle (SM) is recognized by anatomists as a variant muscle of the anterior thoracic wall.1,2 SM has a reported incidence of approximately 3-8% of the popu- UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. We publish original research articles submitted by researchers and medical professionals from around the world. COMMENTARY COVID-19 PANDEMIC: IMPLICATIONS FOR FIRST Volume 9 Number 2 arch 221 31 Commentary COVID-19 pandemic: implications for First Nations communities in Canada Abstract A recent surge of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) COMMENTARY WE ARE NOT LIVING THROUGH THE PANDEMIC TOGETHER 9 We are not living through the pandemic together Volume 98 umber 2 arch 2021 Commentary health – housing, food, healthcare, entertainment, and education.34 Capitalism is intrinsically related to physical and mental wellbeing LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI'S ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF UTM Volume 9, Number 3, une 2020 29 Reviews Lactobacillus reuteri's role in the prevention of colorectal cancer: a review of literature Abstract Background: Probiotics have many health benefits, which include decreasing intestinal inflammation and PHYSICIANS IN PREHOSPITAL CARE: A REVIEW OF THE CLINICAL 49 Physicians in prehospital care: A review of the clinical and economic evidence UTMJ Volume 96, Number 3, June 2019 Reviews evidence for the role of physicians in prehospital care. PRIMARY RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES, AND ATTITUDES OF 6 UTMJ Volume 96, Number 3, June 2019 Primary Research Corresponding Author: Louise Kaplan kaplanla@wsu.edu Knowledge, practices, and attitudes of certified medicalUTMJ.ORG
Created Date: 3/20/2020 9:13:33 PM HEALTH POLICY AND ECONOMICS US DRUG POLICY: LESSONS FOR CANADA 106 UTMJ Volume 90 Number 3 March 2013 Health Policy and Economics US Drug Policy: Lessons for Canada. Daniel Heffner, B.Sc (Pharm), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia COMMENTARIES GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF 78 UTMJ Volume 96, Number 3, June 2019 Commentaries Corresponding Author: Steven R. Laviolette steven.laviolette@schulich.uwo.ca Growing up high: Understanding the impacts of adolescent REVIEWS THE ROLE OF PLANT-BASED NUTRITION IN PREVENTING 17 Reviews UTMJ • Volume 94, Number 3, June 2017 The Role of Plant-Based Nutrition in Preventing Heart Disease Mariah Madigan, BA, MD Candidate1 1Faculty of Medicine, Northern Ontario School of Medicine Background I UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. We publish original research articles submitted by researchers and medical professionals from around the world. COMMENTARY COVID-19 PANDEMIC: IMPLICATIONS FOR FIRST Volume 9 Number 2 arch 221 31 Commentary COVID-19 pandemic: implications for First Nations communities in Canada Abstract A recent surge of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) COMMENTARY WE ARE NOT LIVING THROUGH THE PANDEMIC TOGETHER 9 We are not living through the pandemic together Volume 98 umber 2 arch 2021 Commentary health – housing, food, healthcare, entertainment, and education.34 Capitalism is intrinsically related to physical and mental wellbeing LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI'S ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF UTM Volume 9, Number 3, une 2020 29 Reviews Lactobacillus reuteri's role in the prevention of colorectal cancer: a review of literature Abstract Background: Probiotics have many health benefits, which include decreasing intestinal inflammation and PHYSICIANS IN PREHOSPITAL CARE: A REVIEW OF THE CLINICAL 49 Physicians in prehospital care: A review of the clinical and economic evidence UTMJ Volume 96, Number 3, June 2019 Reviews evidence for the role of physicians in prehospital care. PRIMARY RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES, AND ATTITUDES OF 6 UTMJ Volume 96, Number 3, June 2019 Primary Research Corresponding Author: Louise Kaplan kaplanla@wsu.edu Knowledge, practices, and attitudes of certified medicalUTMJ.ORG
Created Date: 3/20/2020 9:13:33 PM HEALTH POLICY AND ECONOMICS US DRUG POLICY: LESSONS FOR CANADA 106 UTMJ Volume 90 Number 3 March 2013 Health Policy and Economics US Drug Policy: Lessons for Canada. Daniel Heffner, B.Sc (Pharm), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia COMMENTARIES GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF 78 UTMJ Volume 96, Number 3, June 2019 Commentaries Corresponding Author: Steven R. Laviolette steven.laviolette@schulich.uwo.ca Growing up high: Understanding the impacts of adolescent REVIEWS THE ROLE OF PLANT-BASED NUTRITION IN PREVENTING 17 Reviews UTMJ • Volume 94, Number 3, June 2017 The Role of Plant-Based Nutrition in Preventing Heart Disease Mariah Madigan, BA, MD Candidate1 1Faculty of Medicine, Northern Ontario School of Medicine Background I INFORMATION FOR READERS The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. The UTMJ publishes scholarly articles on a variety of important and timely topics that are relevant to our international readership. CONTACT | UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MEDICAL JOURNAL The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. The UTMJ publishes scholarly articles on a variety of important and timely topics that are relevant to our international readership. VOL. 97 NO. 3 (2020): MICROBIOME Published: 2020-06-02. We are thrilled to present Volume 97, Issue 3 of the University of Toronto Medical Journal, which focuses on the important and evolving topic of the Human Microbiome. The Spring 2015 Issue of the University of Toronto Medical Journal first considered the Human Microbiome, exploring this burgeoning field and itspotential
COVID-19: CANADIAN MEDICAL STUDENTS READY TO STEP UP On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. By April 2, 2020, more than 1 million cases of COVID-19 has been confirmed. Shortages are being experienced around the world and due to inadequacies, physicians are being forced to decide who is more deserving of resources. POLYPHARMACY IN THE AGE OF COVID-19: MEDICATION MANAGEMENT Polypharmacy has been implicated in adverse drug events, excessive healthcare spending, and complications in the management of COVID-19. Multimorbid older adults suffer some of the most severe COVID-19 health outcomes and are at the highest risk of polypharmacy. This article aims to highlight the issue of polypharmacy in the context of the current pandemic and suggests several GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF ADOLESCENT The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. The UTMJ publishes scholarly articles on a variety of important and timely topics that are relevant to our international readership. GROWING UP HIGH: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF ADOLESCENT Adolescence represents one of the most crucial periods of human brain development. This unique neurodevelopmental window involves a complex interplay of synaptic re-modelling, the establishing of cortical and sub-cortical emotional processing and cognitive neural circuits along with a greater propensity for engaging in risky behaviours and experimentation with illicit drugs. EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR NEGATIVE The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. The UTMJ publishes scholarly articles on a variety of important and timely topics that are relevant to our international readership. REVIEWS THE SELDINGER TECHNIQUE: A SHORT HISTORY, AND ITS 31 Reviews The Seldinger Technique: A Short History, and its Applications 60 Years Later UTMJ olume 93, Number 1, December 2015 of arteries were no longer necessary. PERSPECTIVES VIEWPOINT: THE EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF 24 65.+t7PMVNF /VNCFS %FDFNCFS Perspectives IntroductionS ternalis muscle (SM) is recognized by anatomists as a variant muscle of the anterior thoracic wall.1,2 SM has a reported incidence of approximately 3-8% of the popu- QUICK JUMP TO PAGE CONTENT* Main Navigation
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Canadian physician growth lagging behind demand, other westernnations
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VISIT OUR FACEBOOK PAGE!CURRENT ISSUE
Vol 97 No 2 2020:
Global Health
Editors
Tatiana Yeuchyk | Kathleen SimmsJOURNAL INFORMATION
LANGUAGE: English
FREQUENCY: 3 issues/yearISSN: 1913-5440
ABOUT THE JOURNAL
The University of Toronto Medical Journal (UTMJ) was established in 1923 and is Canada's oldest student run medical journal. The UTMJ publishes scholarly articles on a variety of important and timely topics that are relevant to our international readership. LinkRead More
CURRENT ISSUE
Vol. 97 No. 2 (2020): Global Health PUBLISHED: 2020-03-21 We are thrilled to present Volume 97, Issue 2 of the University of Toronto Medical Journal important and emerging topic of Global Health. As our world becomes increasingly more interconnected, physicians are beginning to recognize that their responsibilities lie beyond an individual clinic, transcending international boundaries to deliver care to the broader global community. This impulse is reinforced by our developing understanding of the determinants of health, considering not only our biology, but also our social, cultural, economical, and political contexts. Emboldened with this multifaceted and dynamic understanding of health, researchers, physicians, and policymakers in the field of global health strive to achieve equity in health for all people. In the wake of the recent Climate Change strike, conversations about global health, particularly in the context of environmental change, have become increasingly more important. The World Health Organization recognizes that climate change negatively impacts human health, with a disproportionate effect in developing nations with weak health infrastructure, who are the least equipped to respond. Research both in this Feld and in global health more broadly can help identify underlying problems and begin to develop solutions aimed at achievinghealth equity.
In this issue of the University of Toronto Medical Journal, we will address the important topic of global health. We believe that this issue will bring forth areas worth exploring, including but not limited to the effects of climate change on health, the spread of infectious diseases, the promulgation of global health policies, the ethics and regulation of global health ‘voluntourism,’ and Canada’s role within the broader conversation on global health. We hope that this issue will inform our international readership about current advances and practices in global health and identify priorities for future research. This is the second issue of the University of Toronto Medical Journal’s 97th volume. We would like to sincerely thank our dedicated editorial team for all the hard work that went into preparing this issue, and their continued efforts in upcoming issues. We are grateful for the patrons and faculty that continue to support the University of Toronto Medical Journal and the authors that have allowed us to showcase their important work. We hope that you find this issue informative and thought-provoking.Sincerely,
Tatiana Yeuchyk and Kathleen SimmsEditors-in-Chief
FULL ISSUE
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INTERVIEWS
INTERVIEW WITH DR. ERRETT Annie Yu, Ryan DanielPage 46-48
Page 49-52
Page 53-55
Page 56-58
CASE REPORT
BACK PAIN IN A FIVE-YEAR OLD BOY: A HARBINGER OF TEMPESTSalwa Hasan
Page 44-45
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE EXTENT OF THE EXPECTED INCREASE IN LEUKOCYTE COUNT DURING THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD Yoshan Moodley, Marsha RamburuthPage 16-20
Kyle Lee
Page 21-29
GLOBAL HEALTH
HOW OUR GLOBAL HEALTH EXPERIENCE CONTRIBUTED TO OUR DEVELOPING IDENTITIES AS PHYSICIANS Paula Gosse, Emily Kaunismaa, Roslyn MainlandPage 36-39
Page 30-33
COMMENTARIES
CANADIAN PHYSICIAN GROWTH LAGGING BEHIND DEMAND, OTHER WESTERNNATIONS
Sohail Gandhi
Page 6-8
Page 9-13
Shafi Bhuiyan
Page 14-15
Arianne Cohen
Page 34-35
Hilary Stone
Page 40-41
Calvin Diep
Page 42-43
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CURRENT ISSUE
Vol 97 No 2 2020:
Global Health
Editors
Tatiana Yeuchyk | Kathleen SimmsJOURNAL INFORMATION
LANGUAGE: English
FREQUENCY: 3 issues/yearISSN: 1913-5440
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