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ABOLITIONIST
Posts about abolitionist written by The Westphalian Post. Of Westphalia and Appomattox. May 1, 2013 at 5:00 pm () (abolitionism, abolitionist, appomattox, individualism, liberalism, multiculturalism, multikulti, slavery, west, westphalia) Angela Merkel, Nicolas Sarkozy and David Cameron have all declared multiculturalism a failure. RHETORICAL ENTRAPMENT But rhetorical entrapment makes our world a bizarre place to live indeed. Objectively speaking, the Gulf Arabs have little beef with Israel, and Palestine is supremely immaterial to the interests of mostArab states.
SINGULARITY
Of Establishment and Singularity. May 27, 2009 at 8:54 pm () (dprk, establishment, Israel, north korea, singularity, un) The Establishment always resents and isolates the Singularity. When the Reformation acquired political weight, the Catholic powers spent 30 years tryingto purge it.
TWP – M. SILVA & I. DAVID Whirling Dervish. July 31, 2010 at 7:18 pm (tWP - M. Silva & I. David) (Ahmet Davutoğlu, ankara, Davutoğlu, erdogan, freedom flotilla, geopolitics, Israel, near abroad, soft power, turkey) In the past 14th of July Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu was ARCHANGELS IN AMERICA Realists throughout the world share two main characteristics: they are few and they are constant. In every foreign policy establishment one can find Realists. They are the essence of diplomacy, with their obsession for national interest and little appetite for the values of whatever may be the ideological soup du jour. Unfortunately they arealso
AUGUST | 2012 | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Iran – The Fallacy of Blowback. August 20, 2012 at 4:12 pm () (blowback, interventionism, iran, iri, liberal, liberal interventionism, libertarian, marxian, mena, mossadegh, nuclear, wmd) In this outlet we are in favour only of a conditional intervention against Iran: provided the Arab states participate. THE WESTPHALIAN POST The first image in this article is that of the English royal family’s coat of arms. It is not chosen by accident but it is a powerfully symbolic image for the topic in question. COMMENTS FOR THE WESTPHALIAN POST https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7Yzy6Rqrmc "The parallelism between British politics and American politics is rooted in the fact that both of our countries had a THE WESTPHALIAN POST Geoautism. May 21, 2018 at 12:23 pm () (authoritarian, authoritarianism, eu, euroscepticism, nato, populism, sovereignty) This article manages to summarize the most damning prejudices of the current groupthink bubble of Brussels:. NATO, originally, was less squeamish about values () The end of the Cold War definitely changed things: democracy now is a strategic necessity. NABUCCO | THE WESTPHALIAN POST The Sun Sets Due West. June 16, 2009 at 6:55 pm () (a-400, cold war, eu, euro-sceptic, euro-scepticism, europe, Europeanization, federalism, nabucco, pax americana, washington consensus, west, western) Geopolitical powers rise and fall. Lets understand why Europe seems to have even failed to become one.ABOLITIONIST
Posts about abolitionist written by The Westphalian Post. Of Westphalia and Appomattox. May 1, 2013 at 5:00 pm () (abolitionism, abolitionist, appomattox, individualism, liberalism, multiculturalism, multikulti, slavery, west, westphalia) Angela Merkel, Nicolas Sarkozy and David Cameron have all declared multiculturalism a failure. RHETORICAL ENTRAPMENT But rhetorical entrapment makes our world a bizarre place to live indeed. Objectively speaking, the Gulf Arabs have little beef with Israel, and Palestine is supremely immaterial to the interests of mostArab states.
SINGULARITY
Of Establishment and Singularity. May 27, 2009 at 8:54 pm () (dprk, establishment, Israel, north korea, singularity, un) The Establishment always resents and isolates the Singularity. When the Reformation acquired political weight, the Catholic powers spent 30 years tryingto purge it.
TWP – M. SILVA & I. DAVID Whirling Dervish. July 31, 2010 at 7:18 pm (tWP - M. Silva & I. David) (Ahmet Davutoğlu, ankara, Davutoğlu, erdogan, freedom flotilla, geopolitics, Israel, near abroad, soft power, turkey) In the past 14th of July Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu was ARCHANGELS IN AMERICA Realists throughout the world share two main characteristics: they are few and they are constant. In every foreign policy establishment one can find Realists. They are the essence of diplomacy, with their obsession for national interest and little appetite for the values of whatever may be the ideological soup du jour. Unfortunately they arealso
AUGUST | 2012 | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Iran – The Fallacy of Blowback. August 20, 2012 at 4:12 pm () (blowback, interventionism, iran, iri, liberal, liberal interventionism, libertarian, marxian, mena, mossadegh, nuclear, wmd) In this outlet we are in favour only of a conditional intervention against Iran: provided the Arab states participate. THE WESTPHALIAN POST The first image in this article is that of the English royal family’s coat of arms. It is not chosen by accident but it is a powerfully symbolic image for the topic in question. COMMENTS FOR THE WESTPHALIAN POST https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7Yzy6Rqrmc "The parallelism between British politics and American politics is rooted in the fact that both of our countries had a REALISTS VS IDEALISTS The Neocons vs. The Realists in The National Interest by Joshua Muravchik and Stephen M. Walt A must-read debate about our foreign-policy future. Does realism offer the best solutions to today’s threats? Or will neoconservatism be responsible for our policy triumphs? The choice is clear after eight years of failed Bush policies, says Walt, but Muravchik thinks FAR EAST | THE WESTPHALIAN POST The Sea of Japan involves Korea and is a source of unresolved territorial disputes between the two nations. The relations are further strained by the history of Japanese domination and colonisation. In Korea, the anti-American prejudice is prevalent and only surpassed by niponophobia and strong feelings against thetotalitarian north.
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
In Strauss, Machiavelli’s means – justified by the ends – are instead ends in themselves. The straussian deception is the fiction of the moral society. This fiction/deception/myth is both the means and the end of the urgent preservation of liberalism from its nihilistic tendencies. Straussian doctrine exists as chronological exceptionSINGULARITY
Of Establishment and Singularity. May 27, 2009 at 8:54 pm () (dprk, establishment, Israel, north korea, singularity, un) The Establishment always resents and isolates the Singularity. When the Reformation acquired political weight, the Catholic powers spent 30 years tryingto purge it.
FUNDAMENTALIST
Posts about fundamentalist written by The Westphalian Post. Fundamental(ist) Nuances. June 8, 2010 at 6:02 pm () (al-qaeda, al-zawahiri, bidah, deobandi SEPTEMBER | 2015 | THE WESTPHALIAN POST The Colour Revolutions of the early 2000s, styled to be Eastern Europe’s logical succession to Central Europe’s Velvet Revolutions of the 1990s, were the response of Eurasia’s Liberal elites to the narrative of the ‘end of History’. ‘END OF HISTORY’ FOUND DEAD AT MOSCOW’S GATES Ukraine and the Euromaidan revolution were a turning page in History. One could argue that the Colour revolutions, the Arab Spring, the Ossetia War and even the Atlantic interventions of the preceding decades, had been proof enough of the limits of the ‘end of history’ but Ukraine is more meaningful because it had everything to become the poster child of globalism: it is an avowedly pro CO0820_ATLANTICCHARTER_WEB Roosevelt and Churchill met in Newfoundland on board the HMS Prince ofWales
AUGUST | 2012 | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Iran – The Fallacy of Blowback. August 20, 2012 at 4:12 pm () (blowback, interventionism, iran, iri, liberal, liberal interventionism, libertarian, marxian, mena, mossadegh, nuclear, wmd) In this outlet we are in favour only of a conditional intervention against Iran: provided the Arab states participate. RICH LOWRY: WHY AMERICA ISN’T AN IDEA Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window) Click to print (Opens in new window) Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)MACHIAVELLIAN
Machiavellian ethics had been insidiously crucial to the separation of Church and State, to the advent of liberalism but the Machiavellian teachings also marked the original sin of the liberal school in so far as it carried with it the nihilist gene for Nietzschean social disintegration. This alone ought to give pause for those who are too KISSINGER | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Posts about kissinger written by The Westphalian Post. Archangels in America – America’s Realists’ Crisis of Conscience. January 27,2011 at 1:37 pm
NABUCCO | THE WESTPHALIAN POST The Sun Sets Due West. June 16, 2009 at 6:55 pm () (a-400, cold war, eu, euro-sceptic, euro-scepticism, europe, Europeanization, federalism, nabucco, pax americana, washington consensus, west, western) Geopolitical powers rise and fall. Lets understand why Europe seems to have even failed to become one. PIIGS | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Posts about piigs written by The Westphalian Post. The Soft Power of Nordic Individualism. March 7, 2015 at 2:05 pm () (bechmarking, eu, Europeanization, hofstede, individualism, knowledge economy, nordic, piigs, ricardo, universalism) In his theory of cultural dimensions, Dutch sociologist Geert Hofstede identifies a number of dimensions ofnational cultures.
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
In Strauss, Machiavelli’s means – justified by the ends – are instead ends in themselves. The straussian deception is the fiction of the moral society. This fiction/deception/myth is both the means and the end of the urgent preservation of liberalism from its nihilistic tendencies. Straussian doctrine exists as chronological exception COKER | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Posts about coker written by The Westphalian Post. Geography Geography Geography. October 8, 2009 at 5:23 pm () (christopher coker, coker, end of history, geography, geopolitics, liberal interventionism, nato, story-telling) Recently having had the chance of being present at a lecture by LSE Professor Christopher Coker and other British scholars in Belgrade, one notices how the Blairites and GEOAUTISM | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Geoautism. May 21, 2018 at 12:23 pm () (authoritarian, authoritarianism, eu, euroscepticism, nato, populism, sovereignty) This article manages to summarize the most damning prejudices of the current groupthink bubble of Brussels:. NATO, originally, was less squeamish about values () The end of the Cold War definitely changed things: democracy now is a strategic necessity. ROK | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Seoulmates ? March 22, 2009 at 6:15 pm () (dprk, far east, japan, korea, koreas, north korea, quadrilateral, rok, russia, sco, seoul, south korea, usa) The relationship between South Korea and America is not what it used to be. But it stands to reason that the relationship will only keep growing apart. JULY | 2010 | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Whirling Dervish. July 31, 2010 at 7:18 pm (tWP - M. Silva & I. David) (Ahmet Davutoğlu, ankara, Davutoğlu, erdogan, freedom flotilla, geopolitics, Israel, near abroad, soft power, turkey) In the past 14th of July Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu was THE WESTPHALIAN POST The first image in this article is that of the English royal family’s coat of arms. It is not chosen by accident but it is a powerfully symbolic image for the topic in question.MACHIAVELLIAN
Machiavellian ethics had been insidiously crucial to the separation of Church and State, to the advent of liberalism but the Machiavellian teachings also marked the original sin of the liberal school in so far as it carried with it the nihilist gene for Nietzschean social disintegration. This alone ought to give pause for those who are too KISSINGER | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Posts about kissinger written by The Westphalian Post. Archangels in America – America’s Realists’ Crisis of Conscience. January 27,2011 at 1:37 pm
NABUCCO | THE WESTPHALIAN POST The Sun Sets Due West. June 16, 2009 at 6:55 pm () (a-400, cold war, eu, euro-sceptic, euro-scepticism, europe, Europeanization, federalism, nabucco, pax americana, washington consensus, west, western) Geopolitical powers rise and fall. Lets understand why Europe seems to have even failed to become one. PIIGS | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Posts about piigs written by The Westphalian Post. The Soft Power of Nordic Individualism. March 7, 2015 at 2:05 pm () (bechmarking, eu, Europeanization, hofstede, individualism, knowledge economy, nordic, piigs, ricardo, universalism) In his theory of cultural dimensions, Dutch sociologist Geert Hofstede identifies a number of dimensions ofnational cultures.
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
In Strauss, Machiavelli’s means – justified by the ends – are instead ends in themselves. The straussian deception is the fiction of the moral society. This fiction/deception/myth is both the means and the end of the urgent preservation of liberalism from its nihilistic tendencies. Straussian doctrine exists as chronological exception COKER | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Posts about coker written by The Westphalian Post. Geography Geography Geography. October 8, 2009 at 5:23 pm () (christopher coker, coker, end of history, geography, geopolitics, liberal interventionism, nato, story-telling) Recently having had the chance of being present at a lecture by LSE Professor Christopher Coker and other British scholars in Belgrade, one notices how the Blairites and GEOAUTISM | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Geoautism. May 21, 2018 at 12:23 pm () (authoritarian, authoritarianism, eu, euroscepticism, nato, populism, sovereignty) This article manages to summarize the most damning prejudices of the current groupthink bubble of Brussels:. NATO, originally, was less squeamish about values () The end of the Cold War definitely changed things: democracy now is a strategic necessity. ROK | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Seoulmates ? March 22, 2009 at 6:15 pm () (dprk, far east, japan, korea, koreas, north korea, quadrilateral, rok, russia, sco, seoul, south korea, usa) The relationship between South Korea and America is not what it used to be. But it stands to reason that the relationship will only keep growing apart. JULY | 2010 | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Whirling Dervish. July 31, 2010 at 7:18 pm (tWP - M. Silva & I. David) (Ahmet Davutoğlu, ankara, Davutoğlu, erdogan, freedom flotilla, geopolitics, Israel, near abroad, soft power, turkey) In the past 14th of July Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu was THE WESTPHALIAN POST The first image in this article is that of the English royal family’s coat of arms. It is not chosen by accident but it is a powerfully symbolic image for the topic in question. ABOUT TWP | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Advocacy and reflection on Political-Realism as well as Realist foreign policy analysis. E-mail us at westphalianpost@gmail.com We are on Facebook Contributors: M. Silva – M.A. in Eu WWI | THE WESTPHALIAN POST The Corrosive Legacy of the ‘Good War’ Standard. April 28, 2015 at 12:22 pm () (brezhnev doctrine, eu, holomodor, liberal, liberalism, munich, nato, totalitarian, universalism, washington consensus, wwi, wwii) The Second World War is still held by many intellectuals as the best example of ‘the good war’.FINMECCANICA
The Berlusconi governments in particular have been avid pioneers in Libya’s opening to the West, also using in their favour the special relationship Italy has entertained with Russia for some decades now. Companies such as ENI, Finmeccanica, Ansaldo or UniCredit are to a great extent interdependent with the Libyan economy. DIPLOMACY | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Posts about diplomacy written by The Westphalian Post. Bandwagoning isn’t Strategy – Italy and the Failure of the Bureaucratic Model GEOAUTISM | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Geoautism. May 21, 2018 at 12:23 pm () (authoritarian, authoritarianism, eu, euroscepticism, nato, populism, sovereignty) This article manages to summarize the most damning prejudices of the current groupthink bubble of Brussels:. NATO, originally, was less squeamish about values () The end of the Cold War definitely changed things: democracy now is a strategic necessity. UNIFIL | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Posts about unifil written by The Westphalian Post. Weltpolitisch. January 4, 2011 at 2:03 am () (cdu, deutsche marine, deutschland, frank-walter steinmeier, geopolitics, germany, lebanon, marineeinsatzverband, mediterranean, merkel, mittelmeer, operation atalanta, spd, unifil) In 2006, Germany was selected to lead the UN maritime force that was to be stationed off the coast of Lebanon.NEOLIBERALISM
In less than a year, the Conservatives have lost their foreign policy and economic policy paladins. Iraq and Lehman Bros. are now taboos for the Conservatives who have been trying to make some sense of their values and political philosophy.EXTRAVERSION
Drôle de Paix II – Extraverting Françafrique. January 2, 2011 at 8:23 pm () (africa, angola, Élysée, bourkina faso, brazil, Côte d'Ivoire, ECOMOG, ECOWAS, Equatorial Guinea, extraversion, françafrique, france, gbagbo, geopolitics, icc, Nigeria, ouattara, Quai d'Orsay, universalism) One of the nefarious consequences of nowadays’ entitled generation is the necessarily idealist ANTI-BALLISTIC MISSILE On Missile Defense. November 16, 2009 at 10:59 am () (abm, anti-ballistic missile, bmd, dod, obama, russia, thaad, usa) By M. Duncan* Given changes in U.S. intelligence assessments about Iranian ballistic missile (BM) capability and technological developments, the president decided to change the focus of the U.S. missile defense (MD)architecture.
561C7F86AEB773C12DF11B93E8F370A2 Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. THE WESTPHALIAN POST Geoautism. May 21, 2018 at 12:23 pm () (authoritarian, authoritarianism, eu, euroscepticism, nato, populism, sovereignty) This article manages to summarize the most damning prejudices of the current groupthink bubble of Brussels:. NATO, originally, was less squeamish about values () The end of the Cold War definitely changed things: democracy now is a strategic necessity. NABUCCO | THE WESTPHALIAN POST The Sun Sets Due West. June 16, 2009 at 6:55 pm () (a-400, cold war, eu, euro-sceptic, euro-scepticism, europe, Europeanization, federalism, nabucco, pax americana, washington consensus, west, western) Geopolitical powers rise and fall. Lets understand why Europe seems to have even failed to become one.AL-ZAWAHIRI
All this of course explains why Al-Qaeda was able to so easily establish a partnership with the Taliban’s ‘Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan’. Another strand of jihadism is that found in central Asia and the Caucasus. The Naqshbandi are a sufi ‘tariqah’ (religious order). Sufism is a mystical tradition movement or‘tasawwuf’ that
ABOLITIONIST
Posts about abolitionist written by The Westphalian Post. Of Westphalia and Appomattox. May 1, 2013 at 5:00 pm () (abolitionism, abolitionist, appomattox, individualism, liberalism, multiculturalism, multikulti, slavery, west, westphalia) Angela Merkel, Nicolas Sarkozy and David Cameron have all declared multiculturalism a failure.STATE-BUILDING
Grand Expectations. May 8, 2009 at 7:58 am () (afghanistan, democracy building, democratisation, Israel, nation-building, nationhood, pakistan, ralph peters, state-building, statehood, west, wilsonianism, woodrow wilson) The “international community” has been very busy trying to find ways on how Israel should engage the Palestinians or how the US should engage Pakistan. RHETORICAL ENTRAPMENT But rhetorical entrapment makes our world a bizarre place to live indeed. Objectively speaking, the Gulf Arabs have little beef with Israel, and Palestine is supremely immaterial to the interests of mostArab states.
EXTRAVERSION
Drôle de Paix II – Extraverting Françafrique. January 2, 2011 at 8:23 pm () (africa, angola, Élysée, bourkina faso, brazil, Côte d'Ivoire, ECOMOG, ECOWAS, Equatorial Guinea, extraversion, françafrique, france, gbagbo, geopolitics, icc, Nigeria, ouattara, Quai d'Orsay, universalism) One of the nefarious consequences of nowadays’ entitled generation is the necessarily idealist AUGUST | 2015 | THE WESTPHALIAN POST The Kos Paradigm. August 19, 2015 at 3:27 pm () (counter-culture, ethnic, euro-federalism, gobalism, greece, idealism, immigration, kos, may of 68, migration, populism, universalism) The current refugee crisis in the Mediterranean is a direct consequence of having elected counter-culture politicians and being under the influence of a May of 68 generation of journalists. JULY | 2010 | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Whirling Dervish. July 31, 2010 at 7:18 pm (tWP - M. Silva & I. David) (Ahmet Davutoğlu, ankara, Davutoğlu, erdogan, freedom flotilla, geopolitics, Israel, near abroad, soft power, turkey) In the past 14th of July Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu was THE WESTPHALIAN POST The first image in this article is that of the English royal family’s coat of arms. It is not chosen by accident but it is a powerfully symbolic image for the topic in question. THE WESTPHALIAN POST Geoautism. May 21, 2018 at 12:23 pm () (authoritarian, authoritarianism, eu, euroscepticism, nato, populism, sovereignty) This article manages to summarize the most damning prejudices of the current groupthink bubble of Brussels:. NATO, originally, was less squeamish about values () The end of the Cold War definitely changed things: democracy now is a strategic necessity. NABUCCO | THE WESTPHALIAN POST The Sun Sets Due West. June 16, 2009 at 6:55 pm () (a-400, cold war, eu, euro-sceptic, euro-scepticism, europe, Europeanization, federalism, nabucco, pax americana, washington consensus, west, western) Geopolitical powers rise and fall. Lets understand why Europe seems to have even failed to become one.AL-ZAWAHIRI
All this of course explains why Al-Qaeda was able to so easily establish a partnership with the Taliban’s ‘Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan’. Another strand of jihadism is that found in central Asia and the Caucasus. The Naqshbandi are a sufi ‘tariqah’ (religious order). Sufism is a mystical tradition movement or‘tasawwuf’ that
ABOLITIONIST
Posts about abolitionist written by The Westphalian Post. Of Westphalia and Appomattox. May 1, 2013 at 5:00 pm () (abolitionism, abolitionist, appomattox, individualism, liberalism, multiculturalism, multikulti, slavery, west, westphalia) Angela Merkel, Nicolas Sarkozy and David Cameron have all declared multiculturalism a failure.STATE-BUILDING
Grand Expectations. May 8, 2009 at 7:58 am () (afghanistan, democracy building, democratisation, Israel, nation-building, nationhood, pakistan, ralph peters, state-building, statehood, west, wilsonianism, woodrow wilson) The “international community” has been very busy trying to find ways on how Israel should engage the Palestinians or how the US should engage Pakistan. RHETORICAL ENTRAPMENT But rhetorical entrapment makes our world a bizarre place to live indeed. Objectively speaking, the Gulf Arabs have little beef with Israel, and Palestine is supremely immaterial to the interests of mostArab states.
EXTRAVERSION
Drôle de Paix II – Extraverting Françafrique. January 2, 2011 at 8:23 pm () (africa, angola, Élysée, bourkina faso, brazil, Côte d'Ivoire, ECOMOG, ECOWAS, Equatorial Guinea, extraversion, françafrique, france, gbagbo, geopolitics, icc, Nigeria, ouattara, Quai d'Orsay, universalism) One of the nefarious consequences of nowadays’ entitled generation is the necessarily idealist AUGUST | 2015 | THE WESTPHALIAN POST The Kos Paradigm. August 19, 2015 at 3:27 pm () (counter-culture, ethnic, euro-federalism, gobalism, greece, idealism, immigration, kos, may of 68, migration, populism, universalism) The current refugee crisis in the Mediterranean is a direct consequence of having elected counter-culture politicians and being under the influence of a May of 68 generation of journalists. JULY | 2010 | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Whirling Dervish. July 31, 2010 at 7:18 pm (tWP - M. Silva & I. David) (Ahmet Davutoğlu, ankara, Davutoğlu, erdogan, freedom flotilla, geopolitics, Israel, near abroad, soft power, turkey) In the past 14th of July Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu was THE WESTPHALIAN POST The first image in this article is that of the English royal family’s coat of arms. It is not chosen by accident but it is a powerfully symbolic image for the topic in question.NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
In Strauss, Machiavelli’s means – justified by the ends – are instead ends in themselves. The straussian deception is the fiction of the moral society. This fiction/deception/myth is both the means and the end of the urgent preservation of liberalism from its nihilistic tendencies. Straussian doctrine exists as chronological exceptionNEOLIBERALISM
In less than a year, the Conservatives have lost their foreign policy and economic policy paladins. Iraq and Lehman Bros. are now taboos for the Conservatives who have been trying to make some sense of their values and political philosophy. KOS | THE WESTPHALIAN POST The Kos Paradigm. August 19, 2015 at 3:27 pm () (counter-culture, ethnic, euro-federalism, gobalism, greece, idealism, immigration, kos, may of 68, migration, populism, universalism) The current refugee crisis in the Mediterranean is a direct consequence of having elected counter-culture politicians and being under the influence of a May of 68 generation of journalists. UNIFIL | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Posts about unifil written by The Westphalian Post. Weltpolitisch. January 4, 2011 at 2:03 am () (cdu, deutsche marine, deutschland, frank-walter steinmeier, geopolitics, germany, lebanon, marineeinsatzverband, mediterranean, merkel, mittelmeer, operation atalanta, spd, unifil) In 2006, Germany was selected to lead the UN maritime force that was to be stationed off the coast of Lebanon. THE CORROSIVE LEGACY OF THE ‘GOOD WAR’ STANDARD The Corrosive Legacy of the ‘Good War’ Standard. April 28, 2015 at 12:22 pm () (brezhnev doctrine, eu, holomodor, liberal, liberalism, munich, nato, totalitarian, universalism, washington consensus, wwi, wwii) The Second World War is still held by many intellectuals as the best example of ‘the good war’. GEOAUTISM | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Geoautism. May 21, 2018 at 12:23 pm () (authoritarian, authoritarianism, eu, euroscepticism, nato, populism, sovereignty) This article manages to summarize the most damning prejudices of the current groupthink bubble of Brussels:. NATO, originally, was less squeamish about values () The end of the Cold War definitely changed things: democracy now is a strategic necessity.MACHIAVELLIAN
Posts about machiavellian written by The Westphalian Post. Leone, Volpe e Aquila. August 6, 2010 at 8:22 pm () (deception, leo strauss, machiavelli, machiavellian, niccolo machiavelli, strauss, straussian) It seems to be a common misconception that Leo Strauss inspired himself in Niccolo Machiaveli. UN | THE WESTPHALIAN POST Of Establishment and Singularity. May 27, 2009 at 8:54 pm () (dprk, establishment, Israel, north korea, singularity, un) The Establishment always resents and isolates the Singularity. When the Reformation acquired political weight, the Catholic powers spent 30 years tryingto purge it.
ANTI-BALLISTIC MISSILE On Missile Defense. November 16, 2009 at 10:59 am () (abm, anti-ballistic missile, bmd, dod, obama, russia, thaad, usa) By M. Duncan* Given changes in U.S. intelligence assessments about Iranian ballistic missile (BM) capability and technological developments, the president decided to change the focus of the U.S. missile defense (MD)architecture.
‘END OF HISTORY’ FOUND DEAD AT MOSCOW’S GATES Ukraine and the Euromaidan revolution were a turning page in History. One could argue that the Colour revolutions, the Arab Spring, the Ossetia War and even the Atlantic interventions of the preceding decades, had been proof enough of the limits of the ‘end of history’ but Ukraine is more meaningful because it had everything to become the poster child of globalism: it is an avowedly pro THE WESTPHALIAN POSTGEOAUTISM
May 21, 2018 at 12:23 pm (tWP) (authoritarian
,
authoritarianism
, eu
, euroscepticism
, nato
, populism
, sovereignty
)
This article
manages to summarize the most damning prejudices of the current groupthink bubble of Brussels: * _NATO, originally, was less squeamish about values (…) The end of the Cold War definitely changed things: democracy now IS a strategic necessity. The consolidation of democracy in central and eastern Europe has become a key objective of NATO and EU enlargement._ Entirely true but done for capricious normative ideological reasons rather than strategic ones. Logically, if the EU member states keep alliances with non-EU authoritarians, that means that such bonds CAN work. If the Cold War was a much more dangerous period and it required ignoring normative qualms in favour of strategic pragmatism, then it stands to reason that such a doctrine is more efficient. * _That the governments of Hungary and Poland are, at the very least, weakening democracy in their countries is beyond doubt._ True but the same is true for Western Europe and the US where civil servants break laws to undermine incoming administrations, where the police regularly enforce modesty laws, blasphemy laws, bans perfectly harmless activists and hinders free speech more and more, and certainly where Brussels forces 2nd referenda, vertical protectorate structures (Bosnia, Kosovo) as well as ‘caretaker’ governments(Italy).
* _Whatever populists claim: the choice is between democratic and non-democratic government._ Since the described governments generate a fair amount of controversy, the very term ‘populism’ is erroneous. Far more ‘populist’ are the ‘democratic’ governments who lie about the consequences of mass immigration or moral interventionism in their fanatical pursuit of political correctness. Additionally, fringe parties who question the EU and/or NATO are by no means necessarily authoritarian. UKIP and many libertarian movements are actually quite dismissive of governmental authority. It is a slander to classify ‘populists’ assuch.
* _The purpose of NATO today is to defend not just the territorial integrity of its members, but also the model of society that they have constructed on their territories._ This is entirely true but not consistent with democracy or sovereignty. If a certain society decides to be conservative or Marxist, the EU and NATO then are constitutionally forced to move to curb that choice. The ostracism of the Haider coalition government is exhibit A of that trend. * _In European society, the state is to guarantee security, prosperity, and democracy for its citizens. This triad cannot be disentangled: a citizen can only benefit from security, prosperity and democracy together or not at all._ This is very interesting. It is first and foremost untrue since plenty of authoritarian regimes actually experience less insecurity – for obvious reasons – and greater prosperity than open liberal societies. But it is also interesting given that catastrophic mass immigration and the disastrous reckless belligerence that ‘democratic’, ‘liberal’ and ‘non-populist’ policies have caused of late. Regardless of regime, citizens depend far more onpolicy-making.
* _Security from violence doesn’t mean much if one dies of hunger, just as wealth doesn’t mean much if the government can take it away, or even imprison you, arbitrarily._ Rule of law does not mean much if it is conditioned by an ideological police, and freedom doesn’t mean much if disastrous policies come attached. A propos of wealth, in the BBC there are now public proposals to artificially cap the salaries of male employees and redistribute the income through the female staff. Arbitrary? * _If an ally no longer upholds this European way of life, then what exactly is NATO supposed to defend?_ The territorial integrity and sovereignty of its members. * _A government that undermines its country’s democracy thus ipso facto puts its security at risk too._ Is that a threat? Once again, many non-democratic states are safer than many democracies …including in Europe. * _The more authoritarian a government becomes, the more it puts the bond of solidarity in the Alliance into question._ Not really: Haider’s Austria and Brexit Britain have been put under greater pressure than Erdogan’s Turkey. * _To put it very starkly: which democratic government could justify to its citizens putting its forces in harm’s way in order to defend an eventual dictatorship in another NATO country?_ But it is others that are ‘populist’ and put allied solidarity atrisk…
* _Russia definitely will not hesitate to use any opportunity that presents itself in order to weaken NATO, if only to stop the Alliance from interfering in its strategic design of re-establishing predominance in the former Soviet republics._ Inverted responsibility: Russia was the one that was already predominant in its periphery and NATO was the one that “used any opportunity to weaken it”. * _Hence Russia actively supports various populist actors._ …because NATO and the EU support various liberal/progressive/?populist? actors in Russia and its periphery. * _populist tactics include Euroscepticism. It is both acceptable and necessary in a democratic polity to criticise EU policies, and even the EU project as such. But when countries decided, by democratic means, to join the EU, they subscribed to a set of objectives and limitations. If a government no longer is willing to abide by them, it cannot expect that its country’s status in the EU will remain unaffected, even if such were the free and informed democratic choice of its citizens (which today is questionable)._ This is disingenuous. As was the case with NATO, the EU’s declared and practiced goals changed during the years. In several cases it is obvious that a number of members – chiefly the UK – were simply stunned by the rapid subversive trends emanating from Brussels. This is precisely why the opt-out mechanisms (for which the pre-Brexit UK governments were routinely berated by Brussels officials) were enacted, to begin with. Worse still, the parenthesis implies that there have not been ‘informed and democratic’ Eurosceptic choices (because of populism? Because of Russia? Both?). Where was such cynicism when ‘constitutional treaties’ were pushed through in spite of strong popular resistance or when referenda were repeated to serve the convenience of the European project? * _if the EU adopts sanctions against a government that violates the basic principles that it subscribed to when joining the Union, this does not constitute a violation of the sovereignty of the state in question… Democracy is as important, if not more, to merit the solidarity expressed by Article 5._ This is a frequent excuse on the part of federalists in Brussels. The truth is that, often, many new ‘basic principles’ are inaugurated without popular feedback while membership is in place and that the EEC was never supposed to become an abrogation of nation-states but rather just another international organization, in the eyes of the European peoples. Ultimately, is it easier to force different cultures to abide by the same standards or to relax those standards? Of course, when certain societies start questioning those ‘basic principles’, they are called populist and their ‘informed and democratic decision’ is put in question… Of course, many principles are advisory and non-binding in nature. The main problem is with the very logic behind this reasoning. If indeed the EU is bound by enforceable basic principles, then necessarily, as people regularly disagree ideologically and vote for different parties, by definition, the EU does NOT represent, nor will it ever represent ALL the citizens. If that is so and one adds democratic elections putting ‘populists’ in power frequently, then membership in the EU should be a regular inconstancy with states dropping in andout of membership.
Here of course, we arrive at the crux of the rabid bias behind this article: that ‘true’, ‘genuine’, ‘legitimate’ democratic elections can NEVER empower Eurosceptics; much the same logic behind the American leftist derangement syndrome regarding Trump. If the Left is the ‘true’ representative of ‘the people’, the people can never elect someone the Left despises. If that occurs, there must befoul play at work.
* _certain governments not only violate the EU’s values, they also actively undermine EU policies, notably the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). What is worse, they appear to be doing so under the influence of foreign powers such as Russia and China._ True but again, when certain governments expand and go well beyond the common policies (or undermine them), under the influence of, say, the US, no one seems particularly concerned. That would be the same ally that is regularly found spying on European governments and the EU institutions themselves. Intelligence gathering is not shocking but rather that geostrategic alliances are judged according to normative standards rather than objective ones. * _In full contradiction with their nationalist rhetoric, some governments have willingly become instruments of outside actors_ Speaking of contradictions then, if the ultimate goal is a European federation and the extinction of national sovereignties, why don’t EU politicians run for office promising their constituents that they will be ruled by Brussels and by nationals of foreign states? * _not only proto-authoritarian but even some fully democratic governments are undermining the EU in this way,_ So, not all populists are -authoritarian? I thought that hadbeen established…
* _it has become increasingly difficult for the EU to take a resolute and united stance in issues involving China and Russia_ Of course, it could be that successive enlargements adding more actors to the deciding table, more disparate national cultures to the decision-making process, and increasingly confrontational policies towards the neighbourhood, are the phenomena to blame for an increasing lack of coordination and cooperation… but let us not allow the utopian dream to be questioned, lest we act in contravention of the already agreed upon EU Treaties’ ‘basic principles’… * _Certain governments even undermine EU positions on general human rights policy, directly affecting the core of the Union’s value-based foreign policy._ Again, so why aren’t all rebels expelled? Would any core EU members be expelled if they broke the rules? Because it is a safe bet they sustain and arm more human rights abusers than the eastern ‘proto-authoritarians’. * _A multispeed EU is in the offing anyway, and it is the (suboptimal) solution if there is no other way to advance European integration (and it must advance, for there still are areas in which only a stronger EU role can safeguard the national interest of themember states)._
This is called a contradiction in terms: if European integration continues to impose itself on more and more areas of sovereign decision-making, how can it possibly augment the emphasis on safeguarding the national interest? It is after all EU officials themselves who keep denouncing ‘nationalism’ as a peril. That does not go hand in hand with claiming to defend the national interest. * _NATO and the EU can no longer be disentangled. If one weakens the bond between nations in the EU, ipso facto one weakens ties in NATO._ So, those states that decided it was wisest to remain members but of one… Were they populist? Were they “weakening the bond between nations”? Which other international organisations are now sacred to the point that apostasy is sin? If only the EU and NATO are sacred, is it now blasphemy to maintain parallel structures such as EFTA or the Council of Europe? Like the Francophonie?… * _Even without the suspicion surrounding Trump’s links to Russia … and his apparent links with Russia_ What links? Do actual factual ‘links’ with less than recommendable regimes in MENA and the Eastern Neighbourhood count as ‘suspicious’ if said links favour pro-EU politicians? No, I wouldthink not…
* _at a time when the US is less than fully invested in Europe’s institutions, they are actually isolating themselves._ But not the EU/NATO when they decide that no one else but them can pontificate or judge democracy and human rights? These institutions are, by the way, the ones that embargo and sanction the most in the entire world and on issues such as Kosovo independence or the Crimea annexation, it is very much Brussels that is isolated. * _by artificially stirring anti-EU feeling they are rendering their citizens more vulnerable to Russian propaganda._ All countries propagandise. As for ‘artificial’, a very curious word to use by someone who speaks on behalf of an organisation that spends billions promoting itself… What? No faith in the ‘natural’ unsponsored views of its citizens and potentialsympathisers?…
* _In a reversal of history, a strong democratic EU can act as a beacon for democratic forces in the US_ This is perfectly delusional since north-Americans are the ones who possess a cultural distrust of the power of the state, not Europeans. Even if it were to take place, this is one more proof that what is being defended in this article and by the EU institutions in general, is a private ideology and NOT the overall national interest of themember-states.
* _The European Commission is keeping up the pressure on governments that violate the Treaties, including, most recently, by proposing to leverage financial support in the next Multi-Annual FinancialFramework_
Is this in the national interest of those member states too? Would those citizens share that view? * _People must understand that in reality neither Russia nor any other outside actor has anything to offer to a citizen of the EU._ Not biased nor extreme in the slightest. What happened to all the talk of anti-isolationism and international cooperation?… * _Or would anybody opt for a Russian pension plan?_ Crimeans did. Fairly certain a number of Ukrainians would too, at thisstage…
* _This means investment in the economy, but it probably also means that a new deal in European social policy is the indispensable bulwark against foreign intrusion._ Except the kind of foreign meddling that effectively abrogates sovereign competencies and subverts the national interest, that kind is not intrusive in the least. * _the equality of European citizens,_ then they complain the EU is equated with the USSR in the east… * _and thus the cohesion of European societies and the stability ofEuropean politics,_
Yes, EU multicultural policies and NATO radical interventionism have worked wonders for European social cohesion and political stability. * _unanimous decision-making on foreign policy (CFSP, not defence or CSDP) should be abandoned in favour of decisions by qualified majorityvoting._
Yet additional emphasis on the national interest and defence against foreign intrusion, no doubt. * _giving up on individual short-term interests guarantees everyone’s interests in the long-term._ This is true but not in the form of the EU/NATO. Brussels characterises itself, in fact, by the very opposite: by populist and emotional appeals to humanitarian principles and international pacifism which are always popular among voters, IN DETRIMENT of cold and rational approaches to the harsh reality of international politics. NATO is more vulnerable today with liabilities such as the Baltic or Balkan bantustans as members, not safer; and its interventions are always portrayed as humanitarian crusades, yet invariably end in disaster. In the long term, the post-modern iterations of NATO and the EU have been hurting the national interest and security of its members.Advertisements
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A CASE OF THE CREATION DESTROYING THE CREATOR? THE WEST’S MANY FRANKENSTEIN MONSTERS March 26, 2017 at 8:32 pm (tWP) (brexit
, cold war
, colour
revolutions
, trump
, universalism
)
Roosevelt and Churchill met in Newfoundland on board the HMS Prince of Wales in 1941 to draft the Atlantic Charter and inaugurate a century of transatlantic cooperation structures The Cold War was unprecedented in its geographical scope and technological risk. Never before in the history of Mankind had the average citizen been forced to contemplate annihilation on a daily basis. To ensure victory, both blocs introduced new means of warfare. The West chose to employ propaganda against the East, even though by then the Western liberal democracies held higher standards for their own societies. Indeed, RFE/RL was exclusively meant for external consumption and not meant for Americans. A military establishment was built to deter Moscow from further advance into Europe and an economic establishment soon followed to ensure widespread prosperity in Western Europe and vaccinate it against communist influence. Along with NATO and the EEC, a Marshall Plan guaranteed the reconstruction of Europe and the social-democratic model kept social peace. Finally, a network of NGOs and QuaNGOs such as the Soros foundations or the National Endowment for Democracy, were in charge of civil society subversion along with the Catholic Church, to undermine Soviet control of the occupied states and client-regimes. All these arrangements were set up in the context of a zero sum struggle for planetary hegemony, within a fiercely charged ideological atmosphere. They were by their very nature ad hoc and purely instrumental. Previous wars had depended on loose alliances and minimal civil society involvement. Similarly, the leaders of the First World War decided to use instruments that would later cause the exponential devastation of WWII such as WMDs, total war, mass mobilisation; and to bring the latter about, ideological propaganda. Indeed, unlike the previous conflicts of the XIX century, WWI was not fought by professional armies, it featured weapons that would later be forbidden and it relied on highly indoctrinated conscripts. Total industrial warfare would then take on prohibitive proportions up to 1945. The USSR did the same and unlike the West, Moscow was then interested in subverting half the planet on behalf of an ideology (Stalin, Brezhnev doctrines notwithstanding). The roles have however, reversed. Modern Russia is conservative and particularist and it is Brussels and Washington D.C. that seek to evangelise the world with Western values.What changed?
It is certainly the fault of the May 68 generation coming to power and fanatically pushing a progressive agenda but there is a structural component to the entire affair: bureaucratic inertia. Nature hates a vacuum and given that lazy short-term thinking Western politicians were too preoccupied to dismantle the Cold War structures, those same structures took matters into their own hands and kept fighting a war which was supposed to be over. The capitalist bloc’s soft power arm remained engaged in fomenting colour revolutions and subverting unaligned regimes in the West’s periphery. The bloc’s hard power arm took care to find new enemies gratuitously and expand the list of allies – superfluously. Finally, the founded economic structures moved to exacerbate their competencies by expanding its reach into the political realm and the social-democratic model continued its push towards further governmental subsidisation, eventually putting Western Europe on the brink of bankruptcy. Ukrainian revolutionary soldiers during the Donbass War Even in the realm of intelligence, technocratic reactionaries are now attempting to influence domestic politics. Reagan’s big push towards high-tech expenditure meant to bait the USSR into ruin, is now coming back to exert its power on reforming politicians. After the #womensmarch and Antifa violence against conservatives in the US, there are those of us who fear an attempted colour revolution in Washington itself. Will domestic political subversion stop at war-mongering and witch hunts? If an impeachment is attempted with demonstrations outside the White House, months on end, the USSS may be pushed into a corner. This bears eery resemblance to the Yanukovychaffair in Ukraine.
In Europe too, celebrating the 60 years of the Rome Treaties, EU leaders who seem mostly subservient to Brussels eurocrats, were egged on by the Pope to fight “populism”. Populism is never defined but seems to encompass any political force that puts the national interest ahead of supranationalism. This then necessarily means that, following the Haider and Wilders precedent, not all political forces are equal. Democracy is only desirable provided the citizenry deliver the ‘right’ votes. If not, then a supranational overseer is put in place (à la Monti) or referenda are organised in succession until the ‘right’ result is achieved. International institutions only serve the agenda of specific – mainstream – parties. Were a communist or paleoconservative party to come to power, the foreign policy of the state and that of supranational institutions, could not possibly bechanged.
Imagine Napoleon’s legions dictating to Napoleon; the Comintern lecturing the Politburo on ideology; the crusaders taking power in theHoly See.
Ukrainian revolutionary paramilitary during the Donbass War What seems certain is that the current climate of radicalisation and mainstream media instigation to violence, is going to continue. Trump and Brexiteering Tories signified a change in paradigm but they are being undermined by a bloated governmental bureaucracy which leans on intellectual elites for civil society manipulation. If the algorithm turns on the user, at what point will the struggle remain peaceful given the eroding avenues for consented change? Western regimes have expiration dates too but if the end requires a reboot rather than a refresh, cooler heads will not prevail.Permalink
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THE ETHNIC ORIGINS, SOURCE OF POWER AND CURRENT POLITICAL METHODSOF GLOBALISM
July 26, 2016 at 12:19 pm (tWP) (AKP
, east anglia
, erdogan
, exceptionalism
, globalism
, lincoln
, May68
, new england
, nordic
, puritans
, putin
, revisionism
, russia
, scandinavian
, trump
, turkey
, universalism
, usa
)
The first image in this article is that of the English royalfamily’s coa
t
of arms. It is not chosen by accident but it is a powerfully symbolic image for the topic in question. The coat of arms is emblazoned with two repeated heraldic icons: the three _fleur-de-lys_ and the three lions. The former were the arms of French royalty for a millennium, the latter are to this day the arms of the Danish royal family. Why is this relevant? Because it is an especially apt way of defining Britain: a mix of continental Europe and Nordic Europe. It is specifically in Nordic Britain that lies the original sin whose offspring globalism – universalism academically – is today. Nordics are a very distinct group among the world’s ethnicities. Their geographical circumstance forces them to be highly productive since they have to generate enough resources to survive the winter. Simultaneously, they cannot rely on family ties or resources because the territory, while harvestable, is scarcely populated. This has bred a mentality which is individualistic to an extreme and radically self-reliant and disciplined. Other regions of the planet are too densely populated and too easily farmed for self-reliance to take hold. In the case of aboriginal peoples, their mentality was usually Asian and therefore collectivistic. This meant some level of discipline but not self-reliance and therefore not productivity. Discipline can be a competitive advantage in fertile regions but not in difficult ones since creativity is especially needed when overcoming challenges. The reason why the Reformation reached almost exclusively Germanic Europe is easily explained by the mentality already in existence there: the self-reliant kind. One who is self-reliant requires a personal relationship with God and eschews collectivistic rituals. Such rituals may be well suited for preserving community ties but not so for allowing a personal interpretation of the good book. In the case of the Reformation phenomenon too, Britain is a rare breed, as its Anglicanism is a clear compromise between protestant principles and catholic ritual. England in particular is worthy of note because it was there that many Nordics settled during the Middle Ages. We call Britain Anglo-Saxon because of these raids and invasions and what better place demonstrates this History than the tellingly named East Anglia?
East Anglia is a very special place for English History: it was one of the main sources of puritanism in Britain and it was also one of the earliest regions to support the Parliamentarian (republican) revolution under the authoritarian Oliver Cromwell. It is worth understanding that one of the key features of the Nordic mentality is that of political correctness. This is probably due to the higher need for an efficient decision-making process within Nordic settlements. Human resources are scarce and weather is unforgiving which translates into a laconic and simplistic conferential system. The great poets of the world, after all, come from the South: Middle Eastern poetry, Latin novels, etc. And lest we forget, time became a commodity in northern formal cultures, not in southern ones, which means that there was concern in optimising its usefulness in the North, not the South. Political correctness must be understood in its puerile simplicity before moving to the next link in the chain: New England. As it happens, New England was settledmostly
by …you guessed it: East Anglians; and puritan ones at that. Is it then really surprising that the two most important radical anti-hypocrisy revolutionary movements in American History – namely republican separatism and abolitionism – began in New England? The cause of independence found its earliest and most passionate support in puritan settlements, the ‘tea party’ took place on Boston, Massachusetts. Northern (New England) colonies contributed about as many soldiers for the Revolutionary War as the Southern ones but while the northern fought the English, the southern fought with the English. The contradiction of ‘taxation without representation’ could simply not be tolerated by the puritans’ protestant ethics. Nor could, for that matter, the contradiction between the ‘self-evident truth’ that ‘all men are created equal’ and slavery. The founding fathers, of course, could perfectly tolerate it but then again, most of them were southerners like George Washington, Thomas Jefferson or James Madison. The puritan zeal eventually spread into the Midwest and it is again revealing that it was a Midwesterner that led the abolitionist revolution: Abraham Lincoln. Indeed, most actual Nordic-Americans (those who immigrated directly from Scandinavia to America) still inhabit the Midwest and this fact became very salient during the recent Republican primaries when Donald Trump lost Wisconsin to TedCruz
.
Nordics have precious little tolerance for the antics of eccentric political incorrectness; Trump’s Berlusconism is a competitive disadvantage with Nordics and Puritans. During the civil war, whereas French-Americans and Catholics in general supported the South’s secession, English-Americans and protestants in general, supported theNorth.
Yet both the Midwest and New England have seen their demographics change: Boston has become progressively catholic – which explains Trump’s appeal in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and New Jersey – and the industrialisation of the ‘rust belt’ brought with it labourers from the South – whereas enriched original settlers slowly moved to the vicinities for better living conditions – which allows us to understand Trump’s success there.This
same zeal was in evidence in the baby-boomers political conscience during the protests of the May of 68. The _soixante-huitards_ were extremist in their beliefs, calling for absolute pacifism and social justice with the world’s poor. As soon as they reached power towards the end of the Cold War and at the onset of the ‘new world order’, theirs became the generation of endless indebtedness, overwhelming generosity towards to 3rd world and moralisation of every conflict via the ‘end of History’ paradigm. The EU itself being the ultimate _soixante-huitard _project of replicating in Europe the utopian extreme idea-state of American exceptionalism – a notion whose germen had been established by the founding fathers in rhetoric and by Lincoln in practice. After the end of the Cold War, America’s East-Anglian exceptionalism has now become for the Atlanticist elites, the foundation for their messianic vision of the “end of History”: a liberal-democratic, and, ultimately, a Nordic individualist, world. It is this ethnic record that explains why Western universalists periodically do not find it difficult to support neonazi or jihadi movements. At the heart of the matter is the cause of universalism. A normal state would only consider supporting extremist movements if vital existential interests were at stake. In WWII the Allies brought in the USSR because they alone could not beat Nazi Germany, for instance. Yet, Western universalists show much smaller compunction in doing so today because they know a victory of extremist forces would advance the universalist cause. Better to have a jihadi regime in Syria or a neonazi one in Ukraine so long as they subscribe, even if only nominally, to universalist doctrine. In practice of course, a moderate but anti-universalist regime in Syria may be brutal to its citizens but it does not genocide them, and a moderate regime in Ukraine may be incredibly corrupt but it doesn’t launch the army against its citizens nor does it pass discriminatory laws which cause respect for minorities and political opponents to drop. The world is divided between universalists and those submissive to them, and the ones who resist universalism. The Manichean division tolerates absence of universalist practices only in so far as those who don’t practice are submissive to those who preach it. Thus Saudi Arabia Egypt or Hungary can exist at the margin of universalist practice because they contribute to the cause worldwide and they can even hypocritically call for democracy, human rights and rule of law elsewhere, so long as that fits the interests of the globalist elites. The problem is not hypocrisy, the problem does not lie in cooperating with ideologically dissimilar regimes, the problem rather consists in the fact that, at the end of the day, what is being advanced is not the interests of the different Western states, what is being advanced is only an ideological cause. Being ruled by activists means the powers of the state are subverted into serving a particular ideology. Part of the reason why the universalists’ power is slowly eroding is their zealotry, to be sure. However, another factor is the immense contradictions that serving a failed ideology cause since the more it fails, the more excuses one requires to justify it and at some point too many excuses become counter-productive as justification. AKP Turkey is an excellent example of this very phenomenon. Accordingto most (
Western)
standards, by now Turkey should be one of the most reviled regimes in the world: it is an authoritarian state where its leader is manipulating parliament to unilaterally alter the constitution in order to reinforce his own powers and remain in office, political adversaries are regularly lustrated, journalists are periodically incarcerated and media outlets brought under governmental/ruling party control, the will exists to restrict the internet, the leader’s family is corrupt and syphons money using its family connection to the leader, the country is restricting individual liberties and reinforcing religious norms, its foreign policy is disastrous since it has deteriorated its relations with most neighbours, geopolitically the government either tolerates or actively supports extremist movements abroad and it is aligned with another illiberal state to accomplish it (Qatar). Turkey is even better as an example than Saudi Arabia because the Kingdom only seeks to survive and to what extent it changed internally, it did so to become more liberal, not less. Also important is foreign policy orientation since Riyadh has geopolitical reasons to wish to force into power an anti-Iranian regime in Syria and in Yemen. Turkey, on the other hand, has nothing to fear from Iran both because it is equivalent in size and because it can count on NATO. Apart from totalitarian DPRK, Russia is perhaps the most detested regime in the world as far as the West is concerned but in terms of values, Putin pales in comparison to Erdogan in every respect except one: resistance to universalism. Putin may actually be more democratic, less tolerant of extremism, more accepting of opposing media, his nepotistic corrupt ties less obvious/sizeable, be more respectful of the constitutional order, less restrictive of personal freedoms, his foreign policy more successful, rational, predictable and purveyor of stability. Unlike Erdogan though, Putin is not a team player. Quite to the contrary, the Kremlin actively resists universalist influence and that is a much greater threat to an ideology than herded black sheep. Why is that so? Because this particular ideology is revisionist to the core. It matters little that individualist universalism is not implemented in actuality. Thanks to a culturally Marxist academia and largely sympathetic media and intellectuals, what is preached today will slowly be practiced tomorrow so long as there is enough critical mass for it. The populace has a short memory and its very language and thoughts can be manipulated by the elites. The West is often histrionic, and rightly so, when other countries revise their history books so as to gloss over past crimes. The West is not quite so outraged when the same is done in its own turf to promote its own ideology. So at a time of record ignorance on the part of Westerners, of the role played by Russia in defeating Nazi Germany – according to polls, most Westerners believe Western troops were the ones that made the biggest effort to defeat the III Reich – Western leaders decide they will boycott V Day celebrations in Moscow because of the Kremlin’s intervention in Ukraine… so much for statesmanship and concern for historical accuracy. Similarly, there is outrage and mockery when Russian soldiers are filmed in Ukraine while Russia issues denials, and there is scandal at the breach of international law that the ‘little green men’ represent but when Western troops are found operating in secret in other countries such as Libya or Pakistan, there is no problem, no cartoons, no talk of ‘little green men’. European values are often touted as the unifying factor of the EU’s ‘unity in diversity’ project but when eastern Europeans vote against gay rights or western Europeans vote in xenophobic parties, when the death penalty is praised in one place or corruption keeps a leader in power in another, the narrative of the common values does not go away… the end of the UK’s membership of the EU was supposed to be the harbinger of multiple catastrophes from economic collapse to the erupting of wars across the continent – at least according to BBC’s ‘documentaries’ on the matter – and yet things simply went on as usual. Last but not least, one of the myths propagated by Western historical revisionists is that the EU brought with it peace to the continent: this is an outright lie which ignores that other parts of the world have been at peace without the EU or more simply that without a common security and defence policy until the 90s it was the sheer will of the states that kept Europe at peace, or that indeed, it still does today. Then again, most citizens don’t study History so if the new truth is not canon now, it will be for the next generation.Permalink
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LEARNING THE LESSONS OF INTERVENTION IN LIBYA IDEALISTSAREN’T EMPIRICAL
March 22, 2016 at 6:03 pm (tWP) (arab spring
, eu
, harmattan
, humanitarian
intervention
,
libya , nato
, odyssey dawn
, r2p
, universalism
)
French naval aircraft striking Qaddafi regime forces in 2011 Those who allow ideology to trump national interests are poorly equipped to learn from experience. Specifically, euro-federalists are constructivists who believe and work towards the utopia of politically uniting the continent that bred the nation-state. Constructivists are philosophically positivist since they believe that solutions can be engineered without regard for the past or for the context. These old world bastards of the American Enlightenment are thus simply unable to draw conclusions from experience. This is alas a recurring problem in Brussels – and in Washington D.C., I imagine – where problems arising everywhere never seem to elicit a logical consequential response from those in power, or at least not one that questions the legitimacy of the system in place. Eurosceptic populism, failed nation-building efforts abroad, social conservatism in allegedly euro-enthusiastic societies, challenges from regional hegemons, none of it is worthy of reconsidering the very legitimacy of the sacred union. Instead, bland politically orthodox conferences and workshops in Brussels focus on communication: how does one ‘communicate’ to the European citizens that Brussels is actually doing what is right for them? The fact that past policies fail is admitted on occasion only insofar as it serves the purpose of justifying why European governments must double-down on such policies and/or endow Brussels institutions with even more power to make the policies work; a line of argument all too similar to the neocon creed that “history will do us justice”. Empiricists on the other hand, look to the past for guidance and usually with greater success. That which is not questioned is that which has worked longest: the nation-state. There is room for innovation but not revolution and utopias. Take Vladimir Putin who finds no alternative but to fight XXI century wars around the control of population centres – as terrorism and the age of humanitarianism now force all states to do – but who also understands that wars must be kept limited in scope and always proportional to the means available. He is not one to go on crusades around the world, intervening in ungovernable exotic vacation spots for whichever asinine cause _du jour_. Putin doesn’t shy away from war but he tries to negotiate first. The Russian President seeks military control to achieve strategic goals, not to defend idealistic causes. This long introduction thus serves to prepare the reader for what will be an analysis of what goes wrong when a positivist tries to analyseempirically.
Committed euro-federalist Daniel Keohane set upon himself to learn lessons from the intervention in Libya, a topic made
pertinent given that “(…) _there is mounting speculation that a coalition of Western countries will launch a new military campaign there to tackle the growing threat from the self-styled Islamic State_”. As he tells it, since 2011 “(…) _a civil war has prevented the formation of a functioning Libyan government_”. In truth, that civil war is not quite so …random. It was the idea of some NATO member-states to abuse a UNSC humanitarian resolution in order to launch a full scale military campaign against the Qaddafi regime which ultimately killed him. It was also the responsibility of both NATO and the EU to abstain from supporting any other strong man – such as General Hiftar for instance – after the Qaddafi overthrow to fill in the power vacuum. That would have pre-empted the emergence of some nasty actors like the Islamic State but of course, that would have meant the puritan Liberal democracies getting theirhands dirty …
The Libyan civil war – if one posits the existence of such a coherent entity called Libya – also caused according to the author “(…) _large flows of migrants and refugees into the EU_”. Oh by Jove, such a nuisance … Say, how come that is identified as a problem but not one single brain in all the think-tanks of the grey city ever came up with an obvious response: stopping the flows? How quick they are to assign military vessels to the Mediterranean …to RESCUE the illegals, to welcome them, not to stop them. Here’s a thought: if the flows are not a positive development, what about not encouraging or facilitating them? “(…) _Europeans have more direct security interests at stake in Libya, which is why France and the UK initiated the 2011 intervention_”. This one is particularly rich: British and French have strong interests in Libya, thus a military intervention that turns the territory into an anarchic hell hole is the way to go. How can someone be so blind or disingenuous? How exactly were the interests of the UK and France defended by overthrowing Qaddafi? Because if the dictator was the problem and only a democracy can serve those interests, then I dare say that relations with any Middle East state are pointless. If the instability resulting from the Arab Spring was the problem then an easier and more productive solution would have been to follow the Michelle Alliot-Marie doctrine: launch an intervention all right, but one on the side of the dictators! In all likelihood the real reason for the Franco-British intervention was the prospect of easily getting rid of Qaddafi along with a regime which had been a geopolitical thorn in the Atlanticists side for decades. No love lost for Qaddafi here. Normally the French are utterly pragmatic about their interventions – if Françafrique is anything to go by. What is precisely the corrosive element in the mix here, is the ideological influence of organisations which should have remained intergovernmental but slowly grew into lobbies of their own importance – aimed at self-perpetuation. The EU and NATO are no longer instruments at the service of governments, they have developed rather as a cancer working against the interests of their member-states by promoting normative ideologies irrespective of results. The closer to Brussels a military intervention is carried out, the more compliant it will have to be with the politically correct narrative of the NATO HQ or the European Commission/Parliament. Hence the EU’s Neighbourhood Policy ignited a ‘Ring of Fire’ around the old continent whereas France’s client states in Africa or America’s in the Middle East remain quite stable: idealism breeds disaster, time-tested pragmatismensures stability.
“(…) _NATO now seems unlikely to act, partly because the image of its 2011 intervention is tarnished among some Libyans due to a lack of follow-up, and partly because the alliance is busy deterring Russia in Eastern Europe_”. Again, if by lack of follow-up he means that another strong man was not backed to replace Qaddafi, then by all means, this is a valid statement. That, however, is NOT what he means: he means that more funding, more troops and more state-building would have staved off anarchy – you know, much like it did in Iraq or Afghanistan. In practice what Brussels sees as a solution in Libya, is a more muscled Bosnia-Herzegovina paradigm. “(…) _the EU has strongly supported UN diplomatic efforts to form a unity government of rival Libyan factions and has deployed four missions to tackle some of the security challenges emanating from Libya since 2011_”, see my point? The solution is to bribe and pacify local contenders _ad infinitum_. As for the Russian ‘threat’, if the supranational utopia’s legitimacy weren’t tied to universalist maximalist ideological principles, strategic compromises and tactical choices could be made to divert resources from one theatre to another. Yet the EU is no state which therefore prevents it from acting amorally. Therefore the actions of supranational ideological actors will always be maximalist irrespectively of the available means, and they will always move to confront all those who divert from their normative universalism regardless of the level of threat they represent: for universalists, every dissension is a vital existential problem. Royal Navy’s combined operations “_The second lesson is that the EU shouldn’t assist countries without legitimate governments_”. True but only if one accepts the unwillingness to support non-liberal-democratic solutions. That said, whereas some EU states such as France have a national interest in protecting certain authoritarian regimes, most EU states in the East and North have nothing to gain by investing the political capital. Once again, divergent national interests prevent interventionsoverall.
“_The third lesson is that the EU has a useful military role in European homeland security_”. Comes to mind that enforcing borders against mass migration could be useful but probably not what is on his mind: “(…) _a search-and-rescue operation in the Mediterranean code-named Operation Triton and coordinated by the EU’s border agency, Frontex (…) has saved thousands of lives since November2014_”…
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WAS THE EUROMAIDAN A ‘COLOUR REVOLUTION’? LIBERAL REVANCHISM IN THE POST PAX AMERICANA September 9, 2015 at 5:21 pm (tWP) (arab spring
, colour
revolutions
,
euromaidan ,
kremlin , liberal
revanchism
,
orange coalition
, velvet
revolutions
,
visegrad )
Battle of Poltava – powers foreign to Eurasia have always elicited the help of locals against Russia. In the Great Northern War, it was Sweden enlisting Poles and Cossacks. Today it is the Anglosphere doingthe same.
The Colour Revolutions of the early 2000s, styled to be Eastern Europe’s logical succession to Central Europe’s Velvet Revolutions of the 1990s, were the response of Eurasia’s Liberal elites to the narrative of the ‘end of History’. The Orange Revolution in Ukraine, the Rose Revolution in Georgia, and others around Russia’s periphery, were meant to replace leaderships and regimes still populated by CPSU cadres and Kremlin apparatchiks. The hope was, that just like it had occurred in the Visegrad countries, this would lead to closer ties to the Washington Consensus, renewed Western investment, the West’s military umbrella and more accountability and transparency from the new leaders. The problem inherent to all of this is the belief that post-communist Europe was fundamentally transformed by the Washington Consensus. It was not: free markets of course bring more prosperity but Bulgaria and Romania still lag behind Poland and the Czech Republic, slavic countries are still more corrupt. Culture doesn’t change thateasily.
The fall of the Milosevic regime in Serbia was the proto Colour Revolution. It was led by youth movements, inspired by Western values, and finally led to an EU path for Serbia. As with Ukraine, the EU path came at territorial cost: Belgrade was forced to abdicate its more than pristine claim to Kosovo, just as Ukraine’s Liberals compromised the country’s territorial cohesion by forcing an alignment with the West and a destruction of the neutrality consensus. The problem is not the existence of Liberal movements in Eastern Europe since the proximity of the great Western capitals would have always led to some soft power and ideological influence in its periphery. The problem is the artificial expansion of the elites dependent on the Liberal narrative, through private and public Western funds flowing to societies where the natural Liberal instinct is small. Had it not been for the think-tanks, scholarships, NGOs and an elite dependent on Western funding for social and political relevance, the Colour Revolutions would have ended up in the same place as theArab Spring.
Indeed, as soon as Moscow decided to match Western efforts and act as a spoiler to Western soft power in its near abroad, most Colour Revolutions either collapsed or burnt themselves out. The Orange Revolution, originating in the Liberal pro-Western intelligentsia of Kiev and Lviv, lost momentum and Moscow was even able to sponsor Viktor Yanukovych into the Presidency. The Tulip Revolution in Kyrgyzstan lost steam and the Rose Revolution in Georgia achieved so little, other than in symbolic terms (new flag, Bush avenue) that Saakashvili decided to escalate politically by trying the military path, hoping for a quick victory and a rally-to-the-flag wave. The war turned to blunder and soon the hero of the revolution was ousted from power and is today on the run from Georgian judicialauthorities.
Unlike what Russian propaganda will seek to infer, the revolution was not planned by the White House or the Pentagon. Most liberal democracies have no capability to think strategically or plan long-term and if some did, the incompetence of politicians would guarantee the planning went nowhere. It was most certainly not the European Union to arrange it as utopian Brussels has no notion of what ‘national interest’ actually means. What the West contributed, it did without planning and out of ideological obsession and cultural arrogance or condescension. The Euromaidan Revolution was a different animal but was it a Colour Revolution? There is a case to be made that it was not. If on one hand, the revolution brought little in the way of a change of paradigm, it cannot be denied that the ruling regime has fundamentally changed. Ukraine was largely a free-market economy and a liberal democratic system before the revolution, and remained so after the revolution. What changed was its foreign policy and geopolitical alignment. The approach to the EU may yet bear fruit in terms of increased democratic transparency and less economic protectionism but for the time being, the oligarchic cliques are still in power and corruption did not magically disappear. Russia’s economic war on the country can keep it impoverished resulting in continued corruption levels. Moreover, the artificial attempt to homogenize a territory that was never autonomous or cohesive will either result in Russophones becoming second class citizens or renewed conflict. Nonetheless, the structural impediments to a more prosperous economy, will not go away with EU para-membership, just as they did not in the Balkan countries which joined the EU. Finally, there is the issue of external agency. If in the case of the Arab Spring and the Colour Revolutions, the West was not active in the process of regime substitution, that was certainly the case with Euromaidan where the West quickly endorsed the demonstrations and then the new regime. Similarly, Libya and Syria are not the best examples of the Arab Spring because the West intervened. These two along with Ukraine, should instead be regarded as a new phase of Liberal Revanchism after Iraq. 2003 Iraq, 2011 Libya and 2014 Ukraine belong in a separate category of conflicts and regime-changes with active Western agency, which is motivated by a perceived distinct failure of the Liberal model in the casein question. In Iraq, the ‘rogue regime’ had not been overturned by its shia and Kurdish rebellions, in Libya the rebellion was faltering and in Ukraine, Russia had actually seized the opportunity to kowtow Yanukovych into joining the Eurasian Economic Union. artist’s rendering of a fictional Ukrainian (Euromaidan regime)conquest of Donetsk
Liberal Revanchism is a particular type of revisionism which translates an inability to cope with the failure of the ‘end of History’ narrative. Coping would require pragmatism and ideological concessions which elites in Washington D.C. and Brussels find too distasteful and inconvenient, for their own agenda and personalstanding.
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THE KOS PARADIGM
August 19, 2015 at 3:27 pm (tWP)
(counter-culture
, ethnic
, euro-federalism
, gobalism
, greece
, idealism
, immigration
, kos
, may of 68
, migration
, populism
, universalism
)
The
current refugee crisis in the Mediterranean is a direct consequence of having elected counter-culture politicians and being under the influence of a May of 68 generation of journalists. It is staggering that under the weight of such incontrovertible evidence of, what can only be called, a disastrous policy, the public opinion – including those most affected – remains unchanged. Perhaps the most egregious example at the moment is that of the island of Kos in Greece or that of Calais, in the channel. When the illegal immigration crisis began in earnest, two camps emerged advocating for diametrically opposed policies. One led by the centrist and left-wing parties as well as supported by the politically correct media, defended opening the doors to the migrants and rescuing as many as possible. The other, for the most part limited to fringe right-wing and populist parties, advocated for the use of law enforcement means to turn the boats around, reject the migrants and deter any future temptations to cross the Mediterranean. Greece, in the midst of a severe economic crisis, followed the open door policy. In the island of Kos, 1/4 of the population is now made up of illegal migrants. A major surprise seemed to have been that a government struggling to secure the miserable pension paychecks for its own population (and with much of the working-age segment unemployed), was unable to find financial means to provide adequate aid to the enormous wave of migrants. The solution, the media keeps parroting, is for the well off countries of northern Europe to pick up the bill for the subsistence costs of the newly arrived migrants. This is typical of those who despise the nation-state and non-ideological policies. Be they Euro-federalists or Global humanitarians, that Greece and Europe should be turned into a multicultural United States, with the associated problems, in the middle of an economic crisis, is actually a good idea. The riots of Paris, London, Malmo or the terrorism of France, the Netherlands, the UK; none of it matters. That ghettos emerge in countries such as Belgium where the fantastic wave of unqualified, culturally dissimilar, immigrants only adds to the enormous problem of unemployment and social security unsustainability, all that is unimportant. Mere details to be ignored by high-minded hippiepoliticians.
Let us say that the policies of the left were followed to their logical conclusion: the north paid for the rescue of and aid to the migrants, immigration was made legal and all migrants naturalized. Let us assume that the tens of millions fleeing Africa and MENA were welcomed in Europe. What evidence is there that Europe would turn into anything but another Brazil, with slums, extreme crime and bad economic governance? The West has spent trillions in development aid and yet the societies it seeks to transform have not been transformed. Are we now to adopt them into change? What does this say of the responsibility and probity of politicians who should look after the best interests of their constituencies rather than trying to transform them top-down according to whichever ideology they espouse?Does
the immigration policy solve the refugees problem? No. Does it benefit the Greek population or the local economy? No. Is it a sustainable policy in any way shape or form? Not at all. Will the policy be maintained? Of course it will. Naturally, the establishment is stupefied that such political pearls as Golden Dawn make gains inthe popular vote…
This is a suicidal policy but why be surprised at the monstrous irresponsibility and lack of patriotism when this is the same political class that spent into bankruptcy and left it up to the next generation to pick up the tab?Permalink
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‘END OF HISTORY’ FOUND DEAD AT MOSCOW’S GATES July 28, 2015 at 11:03 am (tWP) (atlanticism
, boer
, globalism
, holy alliance
, liberal
, liberal
interventionism
,
libint ,
traditionalist
,
universalism
, washington
consensus
)
Battle of Cape St. Vincent of 1833 – a squadron of Portuguese frigates commanded by British Admiral Napier on behalf of the Queen Maria’s Liberal faction defeated King Miguel’s Absolutist squadron, in the Portuguese Civil War Ukraine and the Euromaidan revolution were a turning page in History. One could argue that the Colour revolutions, the Arab Spring, the Ossetia War and even the Atlantic interventions of the preceding decades, had been proof enough of the limits of the ‘end of history’ but Ukraine is more meaningful because it had everything to become the poster child of globalism: it is an avowedly pro-Western movement, nurtured by the West, while not depending on the West in military hard-power terms. Yet, Ukraine’s economy is the worst performer of 2015, corruption endures, extremists now occupy positions of importance in the government and armed forces, such civil liberties as gay rights might actually be more in peril today than during the Yanukovych days, and far from being a triumph for NATO, Ukraine quickly revealed itself the quicksand of Western soft-power (potentially also hard-power) that many had foreseen. It was not always so. The record of Atlanticist interventionism at the service of universalist policies spans all the way back to the Enlightenment. Liberal governments in London, Paris and Washington have been proselytizing their creed for centuries, now. Before the Islamic world and the pan-Slavic territories, it was the Catholic world and Latin-America. With the possible exception of the Russian Civil War, Atlanticist interventions have consistently sought to exclude Traditionalists from power and replace them with Liberals, in the Atlantic Ocean rim. For the most part such support has been discreet but at times also overt. Led by Britain and America, liberal governments intervened in Spain’s Carlist Wars, in the Portuguese Civil War, waged successive wars against the South African Boers (against independent Boer states and then the Apartheid regime) and encouraged coups, actions and secessions throughout Latin America. The instance of the American Civil War was also a slight deviation as France and Britain were divided between their interests, their ideology and military calculations. Ideologically opposed to slavery, economically and strategically motivated to preclude New England from building an industrial competitor apparatus to their own and from raising tariffs on cotton exports, and finally fearful of projecting power over the Atlantic, considering the results of the American Revolutionary and 1812 wars. Is interventionism always successful? The rare occasions when domestic liberal forces, supported by exogenous Liberal financing and political endorsement, were not effective was usually when some alternative power was willing to equally sponsor the opposing faction in the domestic conflict, as was the case in the Spanish Civil War, or earlier when the Holy Alliance was willing to finance the status quo against the 1848 movements. The instances of the Arab Spring and of the Colour Revolutions diverge from the otherwise victorious streak of liberal Atlanticism because in both examples the host society was poorly suited to manage a liberal socio-economic model but mostly because the economic and political pressure of the Liberal governments had to contend with opposing economic and political pressure, spoiling the endeavour: be it the reactionary GCC in the case of the Arab Spring or the counter-revolutionary Russia in eastern Europe.The
main conclusion then is, as always, that structural forces carry more weight than normative ones. Just as was discussed a propos of the Second World War, in the case of Atlanticist triumphalism there are also pecuniary and strategic incentives speaking louder than values. As Timothy Garton Ash onceobserved
,
democracy tends to implant itself more easily in those societies economically dependent and culturally more permeated by alreadydemocratic powers.
To be clear, it is not a foregone conclusion that a liberal latin world would exist without express northern Atlantic pressure. Same being true for the ‘reconstructed’ American South, the ‘British’ Boers or ‘decolonised’ Rhodesia/Zimbabwe. Atlantic Liberals bear a fundamental intolerance for the concept of sovereignty because the Enlightenment philosophical foundation of the ideology is inherently universalist and thus, structurally incompatible with theWestphalian system.
Does this then mean that liberal expansionism is over? Not so. It is difficult to imagine how the Atlantic rim can in any way digress from the normative consensus of the rim’s hegemon, especially considering such a hegemon is itself structurally a deterritorialised idea-state.
Russia, as strong as it may be, does not possess the power to challenge the North-Atlanticists in the rim and China cannot efficiently project power that far either. The southern hemisphere is devoid of any major military power that might help. The only possibility would be a collapse from within. If the USA were to undergo a second civil war, particularly one that opposed New England to the Midwest, then the vacuum of power would provide countries like France and Brazil, the opportunity to conciliate an alternate centre of power. This, however, is not a plausibleeventuality.
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HOW RAND PAUL CAN BEST BERNIE SANDERS July 2, 2015 at 2:15 pm (tWP) (bernie sanders
,
immigration ,
nordics ,
potus2016 , rand
paul ,
scandinavia )
There is plenty wrong with America and the need for reform is indeed urgent. Given the scope of the recent financial crisis, Senator Sanders makes a good point about learning from the past and regulating Wall Street – Glass Stiegel would for one bring some measure ofstability.
One can also identify with Bernie Sanders’s appeals for a more moderate and restrained foreign policy, given the blunders of the interventionists in the past years. That said, the rest of his agenda is in fact quite dangerous for the US because when it comes to economic policies, Senator Sanders would be repeating the mistakes of Europe and setting America for decades ofstagnation.
Mr Sanders denounces the encroached special interests in the Washington establishment – which is common knowledge – but fails monumentally to address the liberal special interests which are equally encroached, such as the trade unions, or the many other instances of federal subsidisation. What is his position on Common Core and the imposition of Federal laws and subsidy-bribery byWashington?
On these matters, Rand Paul is much more of an outlier: yes, he does not hesitate to attack the Democrats on interventionist policies be they in foreign policy or social subsidies, but he also attacks his own party on the military industrial complex and the war on drugs. If the young can be swayed by an integrity contest, Paul is much betterplaced to win it.
However, perhaps the most dangerous policies of which Sanders is a proponent, are the economy and immigration. The Senator from Vermont, as most socialists in the world, lives obsessed with Scandinavia. In fact, Scandinavia is used as a role model by both the Left and the Right but this is a very dangerous example to use. Not only because it is not the socialist paradise many believe it is but also because the strength of the Nordics is not in their specific policies or legislation but on their culture andmentality.
The Nordics are strict in applying regulations but it is also true that their societies are some of the most open in the world and far from the protectionist dream leftists imagine it to be. It is not a coincidence that fugitives like Julian Assange end up in Sweden or some of the highest incidence of firearm violence in Europe is foundin Finland.
With the highest incidences of atheism in the world, ethnically homogeneous Scandinavia displays few parallel bonds between the individual and the state. The relatively small dimension of the populations and territories assures their export economies are nimble at adapting to world trends. None of this can be reproduced in America. WASPs are fairly diverse but with African-Americans and Hispanics it would always be problematic to reach such high production and low corruption levels as those in Nordic economies. This leads to the final point: immigration. The scores of tens of millions settling in the US for the past decade or two, come not from similar productive cultures but mostly from Mexico and Latin America, ensuring that the WASP features which made the American economy so competitive are bound to diminish in the future. Worse still taking into account that all the violence and welfare expenses which will have to be deducted from the inflow of dissimilar migrants. Bernie Sanders however, sees no evil in amnesty after amnesty, in what amounts to basically wide open borders.His
capability for empirical analysis is hampered by Liberal dogma, in learning from Europe’s problems with immigrants or even just America’s. Is he oblivious to home-grown terrorism by Islamists in Europe? To outright separatism in the case of situations such as Kosovo or Quebec? Does he happen to believe that Amerindians subsidisation made Canada more competitive?… There is however one aspect where Sanders has the upper hand in relation to Paul. America is an idea-nation and Sanders is prepared to be more populist and ideological than Rand Paul. He can tap into Americans’ self-perception as a chosen and exceptional people. Senator Paul, on the other hand, has only the most efficient policies. In politics – especially in ideological empires – perception trumps reality more often than not…Permalink
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THE CORROSIVE LEGACY OF THE ‘GOOD WAR’ STANDARD April 28, 2015 at 12:22 pm (tWP) (brezhnev
doctrine
, eu
, holomodor
, liberal
, liberalism
, munich
, nato
, totalitarian
,
universalism
, washington
consensus
, wwi
, wwii
)
The Second World War is still held by many intellectuals as the best example of ‘the good war’. Hollywood often pays it tribute by devising heroic epics that depict Allied courage in the face of Nazi barbarism – the same honour is not bestowed to Vietnam War films… Pundits in the West spend their days portraying contemporary conflicts in the light of WWII teachings: analogies with Munich or Pearl Harbor are invoked _ad nauseam, _Churchillian anecdotes andquotes abound.
For Liberals, WWII represents a true victory of good Vs evil and no other conflict comes close to such a clear moral crusade. In fact, it is probably the worst possible conflict to admire. Yes, Liberals won, and yes, a very destructive force was defeated but it is not a coincidence that it was a ‘moral war’ that caused the greatest conflict the world has ever seen. While technology played an important part in the scope of the war, it was conventional means that caused the most causalities; gas chambers , atomic bombs and plannedstarvations
being responsible for roughly only 15% of total casualties. The key factor was in fact the totalitarian nature of the conflict. If states had not been fighting wars of absolute survival/annihilation, the methods employed would not have been equally absolute. Also relevant are the exceptions: liberal Finland was an enemy of the Allies and an ally of the III Reich, the totalitarian USSR was an ally and did most of the leg work of the ground war – not to mention co-presiding over the Nuremberg Tribunal… – and then of course it was the Allies that burned Dresden, used atomic weapons and equally starved indigenous populations. Yet, it is crucial to realise that the current narrative is highly pernicious in this regard: a student of International Relations or History will learn that the Bismarckian balance of power system wasvery flawed
and that WWII’s outcome – however horrific – was in fact a blessing in disguise because it set the world on the righteous path of progressive ethics.
Then there are those who believe that the result of WWII was not even a matter of chance but that Liberal values would have always triumphed, given their natural superiority . In truth, as Azar Gatdemonstrated
very lucidly, WWII was won largely because of “contingent factors”, not because of any practical superiority of Liberal ideals. If the Axis powers had enjoyed the large imperial holdings of the British Empire, the USA or the USSR, they too would have won what it ultimately became a war of attrition. The Second Great War should instead be regarded as the worst possible conflict because it consisted in a complete erosion of the Westphalian system in Europe. Whereas Münster and Osnabrück had established a structure averse to moral/ideological interventionism and reliant on geostrategic alignments to ensure a balance of power – and, in turn, limited war – the outcome of WWII was precisely the destruction of Westphalia by allowing as victors two out of three universalist powers. If in the east of the old continent the Brezhnev doctrine was to rule until 1989, in the west the Washington Consensus would, in its triumphalist moment of the post Cold War, seek to intervene to punish dissenters on a regular basis and even promote gratuitous evangelizing interventions. The direct result of the victory of one of the ideological empires was a predictable hegemony of the values of said empire in the predominant political narrative; it helped that the United States also functions as the main source of Western soft power and _lingua franca_. The American revolutionary enlightenment and liberal exceptionalist narrative has in time contaminated states that used to be particularist by their very nature, namely in Europe. The commonality stems from the replacement of utopian internationalist and universalist ideologies of the past such as communism or Christianism, with democratic liberalism. The idealists of the past have either left politics/political philosophy behind or converted to the doctrine of the temporal winners of WWII – and only consequently, spiritualwinners.
Problems arise when the very structure of polities around the world is incompatible with a specific ideology which is why universal doctrines are usually a bad idea. In Europe, those facing such a reality eventually turned to the European Union and NATO as the natural bridge between their admiration for their new Church/International – carrying the mantle of ‘leadership of the free world’ – and the millenia of antecedents sustaining political power as a measure of local ethnic identity. In the case of such nations as Britain or the Netherlands, it is actually easier because much of their historical experience has been based around liberal values such as Grotius’s _Mare Liberum_ or England’s parliamentary system. In more homogeneous and unitary nations such as Poland or France, more perverse forms of populism come to the fore as a consequence. The most serious problem of American/Liberal exceptionalism is not however related to the domestic dysfunctions that it causes in nation-states – and not, as in the case of America , idea-states – but rather in the overall conduct it incites in Western states’ foreign policy. Every conflict that pits a Western democracy against a non Western or non liberal-democratic regime is automatically viewed as a Manichean moral contest whose outcome must be an absolute victory of the ‘good’ against ‘evil’. Apart from a complete absence of consideration for the NATIONAL (not ideological) INTEREST, there is also an inherent and fundamental strategic incompetence of not considering means when advocating for ends. In other words, the moral cause is the _casus belli_, not whichever specific political grievance motivates it. This implies that a limited political settlement involving territorial or economic concessions is not the desired end but rather an unconditional surrender of the morally inferioropponent.
WWII has been reified by its own ultra-normative admirers because they mythologize it. Had they been in power then, they would have never allied with the USSR and probably would have gone to war with it over its invasion of Finland by the time Berlin arose as a threat. Finally, there is enormous danger in looking at the least ‘normal war’ the world has ever seen and viewing it as an example to follow andemulate.
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BRUSSELS’S ACHILLES HEEL April 17, 2015 at 11:33 am (tWP) (brussels
, ecb
, eu
, european commission,
greece , maastricht
criteria
,
portugal ,
stability and growth pact)
Greece has been a migraine for Brussels since the onset of the financial crisis but it became a very inconvenient headache with the recent election of the Syriza party led radical left wing government of Alexis Tsipras. Until now Greece had been the poster child of the structural problems of the EU currency union but it is now the poster child of radical political populism as well. How have we come to this? On the financial level, Greeks have no one to blame but themselves. When the euro (€) was created it endowed all EU member states with a currency backed by German reputation. If financial management elsewhere in Europe had paralleled that of Berlin’s – highly inflation averse and fiscally conservative – all would have been well but because mentalities differ according to nation in Europe, the priorities of politicians also differ in expediency. Hosting international sports competitions for instance, is a luxury that few can afford but whereas Germans or Dutch, with much bigger economies, would do so in a time of economic growth, in 2004 during a time of economic stagnation, the small economy of Portugal hosted the European soccer competition (with 10 new or renovated stadiums) and equally small Greece hosted the Olympics. Another interesting example is the South’s real-estate bubble. Politicians encouraged the youth and lower classes to purchase property since that was the fulfillment of many a socialist’s dream. Historically low interest rates, brought about by the EU’s single currency, provided the opportunity. Politicians provided the incentive by putting pressure on the banking system to take risks in this regard. In small economies, the number of banks is limited and their ties to politics abound since they are usually a family operation, hence requiring political connections to make it big. In more northern industrialized economies, the multinational nature of the banking institutions voids them of nepotistic traits by opening them to international scrutiny. On the other hand, it also exposes them more to international financial crashes – the 2008 US crisis didn’t much affect smaller economies in southern Europe and the Middle East until northern credit and tourists dried up. Because self-reliance is not the European South’s prime commodity, people have come to expect much from the state in the way of entitlements: education, healthcare and social security making up the bulk of public expenditure in the Mediterranean belt. The social-democratic model of northern Europe serves as paradigm but the North is highly industrialized and wealthy. For poor economies dependent on mostly agriculture, tourism and residual foreign direct investment (FDI) – attracted mostly by low wages – though, expecting the same resulting standards is asking too much from the state but it is outright unreasonable when one factors in the relative profligacy of corrupt politicians as well as ordinary tax-evasion schemes of the citizenry. In a way, the political narrative also demanded it. Greece went through a civil war in the aftermath of World War II, with the communists on the losing side. Centrist politicians have a special burden to prove to the population that communism is not needed for prosperity and social well being. In Portugal, over 90% of its territory was abandoned by the post dictatorial regime between 1974-75 during the decolonization, with a million Portuguese displaced and most of those moving to Portugal. In return, the new democratic regime promised to have Portugal accede to the EU to guarantee prosperity. Therefore, endowed with a strong currency, southern EU states began to rack up debt at record levels. Worse still, this debt served to hide the economic stagnation from the public and was therefore used for consumption rather than investment. In general, no politician wants to be the bearer of bad news but additionally, the more south one goes in the planet, the more politics resembles a rent-seeking scheme for parallel interests, with certain parts of Africa and Latin America going to a kleptocratic extreme.Bank of Greece
It is the Greeks’ responsibility and theirs alone to manage their own budget and bear the consequences of their own actions. Some say that banks should not have lent irresponsibly and unsustainably but the banks not only depended on ECB and EU goodwill to operate in the single market, they all bought into the ‘German guarantee’. They were right to do so as indeed Germany and northern Europe did come to the rescue of the southern trouble-makers by making available loans at generous rates, at a time when the ‘PIGS’ were no longer able to finance themselves in the international lending markets. The price to pay was to enact budgetary reforms to ensure the problem would notrepeat itself.
Both Greece and Portugal have been mentioned so far because this is where they parted ways: Portugal went on to enact austerity measures involving tax hikes and cuts in salaries – particularly painful cuts considering that the state apparatus in southern nations, invariably accounts, directly and indirectly, for about half of the GDP – but Greece dragged its feet. Austerity was implemented but not only were many of the intended targets not met, the debt had to undergo a ‘haircut’ and there was a public backlash which reflected, first in the threat of a Greek PM to hold a referendum on the deal with the IMF and European lenders, and now in the actual election of a government which promises to “end austerity”. The result is patently obvious: in the same EU finance ministers Council of February, where the Greeks tried to renegotiate the conditions of their loans, the Portuguese instead asked to be authorized to repay their loans from the IMF early, and thus save half a billion euros inthe process.
At this point, it is important to make a distinction between accounting and development. There are many paths to development, many economic models one can follow, depending on the conditions of the economy in question: some states become tax havens, others tax heavily; some are transit hubs and others are export economies; some depend on natural resources, some on competitive labor force. Development models are not universal but mathematics is; no human culture has ever, in the history of Mankind, been able to spend more than it produces. From the most high-tech society in the northern hemisphere, to the most traditional tribe in a southern rainforest, accounting obeys the same rules of arithmetic. Mathematics really is the only universal language. This must be understood because some on the Left have argued that Greece be allowed to relinquish austerity altogether. Utopians believe a Greek default would have no impact on the country’s reputation; somewhat less utopians want the EU to foot the bill, ignoring the so-called ‘moral hazard’ involved. They all argue for European unity though. Economists have pointed out that a currency union without a fiscal union is systematically dysfunctional. The European Left therefore argues that there should be systemic wealth transfers within the EU, from the most productive members to the most in need. This would reproduce the US system where impoverished US southern states, obtain proportionately higher federal funds, than their northern counterparts. There are two problems with this proposition. Firstly, the impoverished countries already receive higher EU budget transfers. The ‘cohesion funds’ serve to finance member-states struggling to reach average EU development standards, ‘accession funds’ sponsored the economies of – almost exclusively – impoverished states before they acceded to the EU, through the EU budget many non members of the euro currency area have been paying for members that actually possess the strong currency and the EU rescue package for the PIGS was predominantly a northern transfer of wealth to the south. This state of affairs makes one wonder what would change with additional transfers, and perhaps more importantly, whether such a ‘solution’ would not be …artificial. Secondly, the problem runs much deeper in structural terms. Cultural individualism prevents EU statesmen from being open to discriminating between different societies, thus being condemned to trying to square a fundamentally imperfect circle. Brussels is the perfect storm in this aspect because technocratic economists operating under the assumption that individuals behave equally across borders, come together with politicians who must toe the euro-federalist line of an “ever closer union”. Brussels, like Washington D.C., is a micro-cosmos of EU dependent interests and all who live and work in the ‘EU bubble’ have a vested interest in transferring additional political competences to the EU. The dynamic is such that national politicians, regularly meeting in Brussels to deal with EU matters, aspire to retiring from their national careers to a comfortable position in the Belgian capital. They are also influenced by the ‘groupthink’ that develops in a city where every solution offered by experts will deal with what theyknow best: the EU.
Then there are the ‘Eurocrats’. One of the basic principles of economics is _ceteris paribus_ or ‘everything being equal’. Inhere lies a big problem for EU economic planning since different societies behave differently. How then to apply such common standards as the ‘Maastricht criteria’ – for acceptance into the Euro area – or the actual ‘Luxembourg criteria’ – for accession to the singlemarket?
Deficit problems amounting from the introduction of the euro were not unknown to the EU and a number of policies had been attempted to address them, prior to the financial crisis. The ‘Stability and Growth Pact’ was one of these and envisaged 3% caps on annual budgetary deficits, with penalties to be paid by transgressors. It was dropped after Germany and France both broke the 3% cap. This too reveals much in the way of differences within the EU for the bigger the economy and the more central to the economic system, the less fragile it is to the moods of the markets. Germany and the US can actually afford to run high deficits or tax heavily because the size of their markets will always guarantee investment. Smaller economies like Greece need to value their reputation much more highly since the slightest hiccup can drive away FDI. Apart from critical mass, there are inherent incompatibilities with the American model applied in Europe. Economist Robert Mundell wrote on ‘optimum currency areas’ and observed these required such factors as: labor mobility, free flow of capitals, similar business cycles and a risk sharing system in the likes of an automatic fiscal transfer mechanism. Not all of these are in place in the EU’s single market but even if they were, they would not overcome such basic differences as language or work ethics. The best economist in Greece cannot be recruited by a German bank unless he speaks German. More fundamentally, if sovereignty were to be removed from the equation, which state’s interests would ultimately drive a unified European federal interest? Whereas California and Texas bargained their adhesion to the Union without territorial subdivisions and were able to remain institutionally influential, most small EU members could never hope for the same. Worse still, if the intention actually were to standardize culture within the EU and one were to choose to forget the obvious social engineering involved, who is to say that the German culture is the one that should serve as template? It is one thing for Texas and California to join the American Federation since these societies were already run by American elites and settled by Americans. It is another altogether to Germanefy or Nordicise entire nations. Nationalism was not born in Europe by accident. The inconsistencies in Brussels policy and the faults of the Greeks aside, why did Greece so fundamentally underperform the other economies under austerity? Europe is usually divided into three linguistic areas: the Germanic, the Latin and the Slavic. Perhaps in the case of Greece, it would be more useful to work with political theology and separate between protestant, catholic, orthodox and Islamic. Italian historian Merio Scattola studied the differences between the models in what concerned the relationship between Church and State and found a line of gradation spanning from Mecca to Wittenberg regarding the preeminence of spiritual power. In Islam, the spiritual is zealously ritualized and religious authority is highly centralized. The Caliph rules the Ummah on behalf of the divine first and the temporal second. In Protestantism however, the believer’s connection to God is personal with rituals and symbols being seen as obstacles to devotion and communion with the divine. Political authority is merely political and even in monarchies, the role of the royal head of the Church is purely nominal. In between there is the catholic model where temporal and spiritual are parallel and the orthodox where they are melded. The line of gradation pertains to the individual’s role in the metaphysical: the more individualized the culture the more responsibility the individual assumes in his own salvation, the more collectivized the more the social hierarchy will assume competence. Of course there are exceptions to every rule and no society is perfect, even in terms of financial management. Moreover, political leadership has a deep impact in financial policy and the human factor is unpredictable. Regardless, if there is a lesson to learn it is that there are limits to political and economic integration and that the EU’s “ever closer union” formula is in dire need of an overhaul.Permalink
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