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CROSSWORDS | ONLINE AND FREE | THE GUARDIAN Free crosswords that can be completed online by mobile, tablet and desktop, and are printable. Daily easy, quick and cryptic crosswordspuzzles.
MANCHESTER | UK NEWS | THE GUARDIAN Top music school in Manchester ordered to pay £45,000 in damages to former student. Published: 27 May 2021. Chetham’s School of Music ‘facilitated’ sexual abuse of pupil, says judge. JOHN CRACE | THE GUARDIAN John Crace. John Crace is the Guardian's parliamentary sketch writer and author of I, Maybot: The Rise and Fall. April 2021.MARINA HYDE
The alleged Dominic Cummings leaks may just be a distraction from the bigger issue: we’re led by a man with no self-discipline and a very busy phone, says Guardian columnist Marina Hyde COULD THIS BE THE IDEA THAT SECURES PEACE FOR ISRAELIS AND The case for an Israeli and Palestinian confederation, from the co-founder of the A Land for All movement Last modified on Fri 21 May 2021 10.00 EDT “Peace for peace.” That’s how Benjamin GRETE HARRIS OBITUARY Last modified on Mon 24 May 2021 11.47 EDT My grandmother, Grete Harris, who has died aged 103, lived a life of caring, activism and generous hospitality, underpinned by LATEST NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD Latest World news news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice SAN FRANCISCO MAY BE FIRST MAJOR US CITY TO HIT HERD San Francisco may have become the first major American city to hit herd immunity to the coronavirus, experts say. San Francisco is still recording a small number of coronavirus cases, about 13.7 OBSERVER KILLER SUDOKU Observer killer sudoku. Sat 5 Jun 2021 19.01 EDT. Last modified on Sat 5 Jun 2021 19.02 EDT. Click here to access the print version. Normal Sudoku rules apply, except the numbers in the cells US GOVERNMENT REPORT FINDS NO EVIDENCE UFOS WERE ALIEN Officials cannot explain strange movements in skies that baffle the US military and scientific establishment, New York Times reports Lastmodified on Sat 5
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The alleged Dominic Cummings leaks may just be a distraction from the bigger issue: we’re led by a man with no self-discipline and a very busy phone, says Guardian columnist Marina Hyde COULD THIS BE THE IDEA THAT SECURES PEACE FOR ISRAELIS AND The case for an Israeli and Palestinian confederation, from the co-founder of the A Land for All movement Last modified on Fri 21 May 2021 10.00 EDT “Peace for peace.” That’s how Benjamin GRETE HARRIS OBITUARY Last modified on Mon 24 May 2021 11.47 EDT My grandmother, Grete Harris, who has died aged 103, lived a life of caring, activism and generous hospitality, underpinned byCORONAVIRUS
The coronavirus outbreak in Melbourne has spread to aged care, with multiple cases linked to one facility: Arcare in Maidstone. For young carer Ai-Lin, whose 86-year-old grandmother Ann lives atMAIN SECTION
The week English football fans bit back against the billionaire owners. In just two days the Super League, dream of 12 of Europe’s richest clubs, lay in ruins after supporters of the six Premier SOCCER NEWS, MATCH REPORTS AND FIXTURES Football news, results, fixtures, blogs, podcasts and comment on the Premier League, European and World football from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice MANCHESTER | UK NEWS | THE GUARDIAN Top music school in Manchester ordered to pay £45,000 in damages to former student. Published: 27 May 2021. Chetham’s School of Music ‘facilitated’ sexual abuse of pupil, says judge.DONALD TRUMP
Donald Trump. The latest news, opinion and analysis on Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States. April 2021.MARINA HYDE
The alleged Dominic Cummings leaks may just be a distraction from the bigger issue: we’re led by a man with no self-discipline and a very busy phone, says Guardian columnist Marina Hyde SUDOKU | LIFEANDSTYLE | THE GUARDIAN Sudoku 5,242 easy. Fill the grid so that every row, every column and every 3x3 box contains the numbers 1 to 9. Published: 7:00 PM. Sudoku 5,242 easy. 22 May 2021. QUICK | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN A quick crossword is published every weekday in G2 and on Saturdays in Review, both parts of the Guardian CALIFORNIA FACES ANOTHER DROUGHT AS LAKE BEDS TURN TO DUST Water shortages and dry conditions are already affecting the state as the governor has declared an emergency in 41 of 58 counties Lastmodified
NIGEL SLATER’S RECIPE FOR LENTIL AND BULGUR WHEAT CAKES Remove from the heat, cover with a lid and set aside. Finely chop 15g of parsley, 10g of coriander leaves and stems and 6 leaves of mint and stir into the lentils and bulgur wheat. Make the LATEST NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD Latest World news news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice SAN FRANCISCO MAY BE FIRST MAJOR US CITY TO HIT HERD San Francisco may have become the first major American city to hit herd immunity to the coronavirus, experts say. San Francisco is still recording a small number of coronavirus cases, about 13.7 CROSSWORDS | ONLINE AND FREE | THE GUARDIAN Free crosswords that can be completed online by mobile, tablet and desktop, and are printable. Daily easy, quick and cryptic crosswordspuzzles.
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The alleged Dominic Cummings leaks may just be a distraction from the bigger issue: we’re led by a man with no self-discipline and a very busy phone, says Guardian columnist Marina Hyde COULD THIS BE THE IDEA THAT SECURES PEACE FOR ISRAELIS AND The case for an Israeli and Palestinian confederation, from the co-founder of the A Land for All movement Last modified on Fri 21 May 2021 10.00 EDT “Peace for peace.” That’s how Benjamin GRETE HARRIS OBITUARY Last modified on Mon 24 May 2021 11.47 EDT My grandmother, Grete Harris, who has died aged 103, lived a life of caring, activism and generous hospitality, underpinned by LATEST NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD A proposal to mine 60% of Wagina for bauxite was met with outrage by locals and became a landmark case in Solomon Islands Pollution an high sea temperatures stemming from the climate emergency US GOVERNMENT REPORT FINDS NO EVIDENCE UFOS WERE ALIEN Officials cannot explain strange movements in skies that baffle the US military and scientific establishment, New York Times reports Lastmodified on Sat 5
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MANCHESTER | UK NEWS | THE GUARDIAN Top music school in Manchester ordered to pay £45,000 in damages to former student. Published: 27 May 2021. Chetham’s School of Music ‘facilitated’ sexual abuse of pupil, says judge. TV TONIGHT: SHOW TIME WITH GARY BARLOW AND PALS The Take That frontman brings together a band for a variety show starring Jamie Cullum, Mica Paris and other starry friends. Plus, Unreported World. Here’s what to watch this evening QUICK CROSSWORD NO 15,937 Quick crossword No 15,937. Time on your hands? Stay connected and keep in touch with your friends with our new Puzzles mobile app. You can JOHN CRACE | THE GUARDIAN John Crace. John Crace is the Guardian's parliamentary sketch writer and author of I, Maybot: The Rise and Fall. April 2021. POLICE MAKE SIX ARRESTS AFTER 14-YEAR-OLD BOY STABBED TO Photograph: Jacob King/PA. Police in Birmingham hunting for a group of men who chased then stabbed a 14-year-old black child to death havemade six
GRETE HARRIS OBITUARY Last modified on Mon 24 May 2021 11.47 EDT My grandmother, Grete Harris, who has died aged 103, lived a life of caring, activism and generous hospitality, underpinned by MANCHESTER | UK NEWS | THE GUARDIAN Top music school in Manchester ordered to pay £45,000 in damages to former student. Published: 27 May 2021. Chetham’s School of Music ‘facilitated’ sexual abuse of pupil, says judge.MAIN SECTION
The week English football fans bit back against the billionaire owners. In just two days the Super League, dream of 12 of Europe’s richest clubs, lay in ruins after supporters of the six PremierDONALD TRUMP
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LATEST NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD A proposal to mine 60% of Wagina for bauxite was met with outrage by locals and became a landmark case in Solomon Islands Pollution an high sea temperatures stemming from the climate emergency OBSERVER | THE GUARDIAN Latest Observer news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice NAOMI WOLF BANNED FROM TWITTER FOR SPREADING VACCINE MYTHS Many social media users applaud termination of author’s account, but some have said move is a blow to freedom of speech Last modified onSat 5
WHITE HOUSE CONTACTS RUSSIA AFTER HACK OF WORLD’S LARGEST The ransomware attack on JBS, probably by a Russia-based group, has disrupted meat production in North America and Australia A ransomware QUICK CROSSWORD NO 15,937 Quick crossword No 15,937. Time on your hands? Stay connected and keep in touch with your friends with our new Puzzles mobile app. You can QUICK | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN A quick crossword is published every weekday in G2 and on Saturdays in Review, both parts of the Guardian ‘FROM HEARSAY TO HARD EVIDENCE’: ARE UFOS ABOUT TO GO Unidentified aerial phenomena are getting serious attention on TV and from Barack Obama and Marco Rubio and next month the Pentagon is setto
CALIFORNIA FACES ANOTHER DROUGHT AS LAKE BEDS TURN TO DUST Water shortages and dry conditions are already affecting the state as the governor has declared an emergency in 41 of 58 counties Lastmodified
CRYPTIC | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN A cryptic crossword is published every weekday in the Guardian BILL COSBY PAROLE PETITION DENIED AFTER HE REFUSES THERAPY Last modified on Fri 28 May 2021 12.14 EDT The Pennsylvania parole board has turned down comedian Bill Cosby’s petition to be releasedfrom
LATEST NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD A proposal to mine 60% of Wagina for bauxite was met with outrage by locals and became a landmark case in Solomon Islands Pollution an high sea temperatures stemming from the climate emergency OBSERVER | THE GUARDIAN Latest Observer news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice NAOMI WOLF BANNED FROM TWITTER FOR SPREADING VACCINE MYTHS Many social media users applaud termination of author’s account, but some have said move is a blow to freedom of speech Last modified onSat 5
WHITE HOUSE CONTACTS RUSSIA AFTER HACK OF WORLD’S LARGEST The ransomware attack on JBS, probably by a Russia-based group, has disrupted meat production in North America and Australia A ransomware QUICK CROSSWORD NO 15,937 Quick crossword No 15,937. Time on your hands? Stay connected and keep in touch with your friends with our new Puzzles mobile app. You can QUICK | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN A quick crossword is published every weekday in G2 and on Saturdays in Review, both parts of the Guardian ‘FROM HEARSAY TO HARD EVIDENCE’: ARE UFOS ABOUT TO GO Unidentified aerial phenomena are getting serious attention on TV and from Barack Obama and Marco Rubio and next month the Pentagon is setto
CALIFORNIA FACES ANOTHER DROUGHT AS LAKE BEDS TURN TO DUST Water shortages and dry conditions are already affecting the state as the governor has declared an emergency in 41 of 58 counties Lastmodified
CRYPTIC | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN A cryptic crossword is published every weekday in the Guardian BILL COSBY PAROLE PETITION DENIED AFTER HE REFUSES THERAPY Last modified on Fri 28 May 2021 12.14 EDT The Pennsylvania parole board has turned down comedian Bill Cosby’s petition to be releasedfrom
LATEST NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD A proposal to mine 60% of Wagina for bauxite was met with outrage by locals and became a landmark case in Solomon Islands Pollution an high sea temperatures stemming from the climate emergency US NEWS FROM THE GUARDIAN People said Williston, North Dakota, would boom for decades. Instead, Michael Patrick Flanagan Smith learned, it went the way of every other legendary boomtown Disagreement was sparked when MANCHESTER | UK NEWS | THE GUARDIAN Top music school in Manchester ordered to pay £45,000 in damages to former student. Published: 27 May 2021. Chetham’s School of Music ‘facilitated’ sexual abuse of pupil, says judge. ‘SEA SNOT’ COVERS TURKISH COAST, THREATENING FISHING The mucilage blamed on pollution and warming is killing shellfish in the Sea of Marmara and alarming residents of Istanbul Last modified onSat 5
TRUMP CLOSES HIS ‘BEACON OF FREEDOM’ WEBSITE A MONTH AFTER Jason Miller, senior aide to former president, confirms closing of the ‘From the Desk of Donald J Trump’ online communication tool Lastmodified on Wed 2
SUDOKU | LIFEANDSTYLE | THE GUARDIAN Sudoku 5,242 easy. Fill the grid so that every row, every column and every 3x3 box contains the numbers 1 to 9. Published: 7:00 PM. Sudoku 5,242 easy. 22 May 2021.MARINA HYDE
The alleged Dominic Cummings leaks may just be a distraction from the bigger issue: we’re led by a man with no self-discipline and a very busy phone, says Guardian columnist Marina Hyde MICHAEL PARSONS OBITUARY Michael Parsons. Among his colleagues, he was known for his collegiate approach and for his caution and rigour in design. The Forth RoadBridge,
LAMBCHOP: SHOWTUNES REVIEW Kurt Wagner puts a midi keyboard centre stage on Lambchop’s expansive, laid-back latest Lambchop’s Kurt Wagner can’t play piano. So for Lambchop’s 15th studio album – the third in thisDON HENSON OBITUARY
Last modified on Thu 20 May 2021 07.59 EDT My friend and colleague Don Henson, who has died aged 64 after a short illness, was a lecturer in the University of York’s archaeology department LATEST NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD Latest World news news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice OBSERVER | THE GUARDIAN Latest Observer news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice ‘OUR SOCIETY IS TOTALLY NUTS’: FAUCI EMAILS LIFT LID ON Communications from America’s top infectious diseases expert shed light on panic and confusion in early stages of pandemic Last modifiedon Thu 3
QUICK CROSSWORD NO 15,930 Quick crossword No 15,930. Print | Accessible version. Thu 27 May 2021 19.00 EDT. Time on your hands? Stay connected and keep in touch with ‘FROM HEARSAY TO HARD EVIDENCE’: ARE UFOS ABOUT TO GO Unidentified aerial phenomena are getting serious attention on TV and from Barack Obama and Marco Rubio and next month the Pentagon is setto
QUICK | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN A quick crossword is published every weekday in G2 and on Saturdays in Review, both parts of the Guardian CALIFORNIA FACES ANOTHER DROUGHT AS LAKE BEDS TURN TO DUST Water shortages and dry conditions are already affecting the state as the governor has declared an emergency in 41 of 58 counties Lastmodified
BILL COSBY PAROLE PETITION DENIED AFTER HE REFUSES THERAPY Last modified on Fri 28 May 2021 12.14 EDT The Pennsylvania parole board has turned down comedian Bill Cosby’s petition to be releasedfrom
CRYPTIC | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN A cryptic crossword is published every weekday in the Guardian COULD THIS BE THE IDEA THAT SECURES PEACE FOR ISRAELIS AND The case for an Israeli and Palestinian confederation, from the co-founder of the A Land for All movement Last modified on Fri 21 May 2021 10.00 EDT “Peace for peace.” That’s how Benjamin LATEST NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD Latest World news news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice OBSERVER | THE GUARDIAN Latest Observer news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice ‘OUR SOCIETY IS TOTALLY NUTS’: FAUCI EMAILS LIFT LID ON Communications from America’s top infectious diseases expert shed light on panic and confusion in early stages of pandemic Last modifiedon Thu 3
QUICK CROSSWORD NO 15,930 Quick crossword No 15,930. Print | Accessible version. Thu 27 May 2021 19.00 EDT. Time on your hands? Stay connected and keep in touch with ‘FROM HEARSAY TO HARD EVIDENCE’: ARE UFOS ABOUT TO GO Unidentified aerial phenomena are getting serious attention on TV and from Barack Obama and Marco Rubio and next month the Pentagon is setto
QUICK | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN A quick crossword is published every weekday in G2 and on Saturdays in Review, both parts of the Guardian CALIFORNIA FACES ANOTHER DROUGHT AS LAKE BEDS TURN TO DUST Water shortages and dry conditions are already affecting the state as the governor has declared an emergency in 41 of 58 counties Lastmodified
BILL COSBY PAROLE PETITION DENIED AFTER HE REFUSES THERAPY Last modified on Fri 28 May 2021 12.14 EDT The Pennsylvania parole board has turned down comedian Bill Cosby’s petition to be releasedfrom
CRYPTIC | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN A cryptic crossword is published every weekday in the Guardian COULD THIS BE THE IDEA THAT SECURES PEACE FOR ISRAELIS AND The case for an Israeli and Palestinian confederation, from the co-founder of the A Land for All movement Last modified on Fri 21 May 2021 10.00 EDT “Peace for peace.” That’s how Benjamin LATEST NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD Latest World news news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice US NEWS FROM THE GUARDIAN Governors have tried lotteries, free beer, tickets to theme parks and gift cards, as Biden tries to reach 70% vaccination goal by Fourth of July LA Lakers, the defending NBA champions, are out of MANCHESTER | UK NEWS | THE GUARDIAN Top music school in Manchester ordered to pay £45,000 in damages to former student. Published: 27 May 2021. Chetham’s School of Music ‘facilitated’ sexual abuse of pupil, says judge.THE LONG READ
The long read: During the second world war, Chinese merchant seamen helped keep Britain fed, fuelled and safe – and many gave their lives doing so.But from late 1945, hundreds of them who had SUDOKU | LIFEANDSTYLE | THE GUARDIAN Sudoku 5,242 easy. Fill the grid so that every row, every column and every 3x3 box contains the numbers 1 to 9. Published: 7:00 PM. Sudoku 5,242 easy. 22 May 2021.MARINA HYDE
The alleged Dominic Cummings leaks may just be a distraction from the bigger issue: we’re led by a man with no self-discipline and a very busy phone, says Guardian columnist Marina Hyde SIMONE BILES MAKES HISTORY WITH YURCHENKO DOUBLE PIKE Last modified on Mon 24 May 2021 15.46 EDT Simone Biles and her ever-expanding array of signature skills sure look ready for the TokyoOlympics. The
ANDREW RAWNSLEY
Andrew Rawnsley. Andrew Rawnsley is the Observer's award-winning chief political commentator. He is also a critically acclaimed broadcaster and author. April 2021. LAMBCHOP: SHOWTUNES REVIEW Kurt Wagner puts a midi keyboard centre stage on Lambchop’s expansive, laid-back latest Lambchop’s Kurt Wagner can’t play piano. So for Lambchop’s 15th studio album – the third in this TURKEY TO BAN PLASTIC WASTE IMPORTS Greenpeace investigation revealed British recycling left to burn on beaches and roadsides First published on Wed 19 May 2021 10.45 EDTTurkey is
LATEST NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD Latest World news news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice US NEWS FROM THE GUARDIAN Governors have tried lotteries, free beer, tickets to theme parks and gift cards, as Biden tries to reach 70% vaccination goal by Fourth of July LA Lakers, the defending NBA champions, are out of OBSERVER | THE GUARDIAN Latest Observer news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice MANCHESTER | UK NEWS | THE GUARDIAN Top music school in Manchester ordered to pay £45,000 in damages toformer student
QUICK | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN A quick crossword is published every weekday in G2 and on Saturdays in Review, both parts of the Guardian CROSSWORDS | ONLINE AND FREE | THE GUARDIAN Free crosswords that can be completed online by mobile, tablet and desktop, and are printable. Daily easy, quick and cryptic crosswordspuzzles.
QUICK CROSSWORD NO 15,930 Time on your hands? Stay connected and keep in touch with your friends with our new Puzzles mobile app. You can access more than 15,000crosswords and
SUDOKU | LIFEANDSTYLE | THE GUARDIAN Normal sudoku rules apply, except the numbers in the cells contained within dotted lines add up to the figures in the corner CRYPTIC | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN A cryptic crossword is published every weekday in the Guardian JOHN CRACE | THE GUARDIAN The politics sketch The real Keir Starmer – tears, blokey bondingand no politics
LATEST NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD Latest World news news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice US NEWS FROM THE GUARDIAN Governors have tried lotteries, free beer, tickets to theme parks and gift cards, as Biden tries to reach 70% vaccination goal by Fourth of July LA Lakers, the defending NBA champions, are out of OBSERVER | THE GUARDIAN Latest Observer news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice MANCHESTER | UK NEWS | THE GUARDIAN Top music school in Manchester ordered to pay £45,000 in damages toformer student
QUICK | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN A quick crossword is published every weekday in G2 and on Saturdays in Review, both parts of the Guardian CROSSWORDS | ONLINE AND FREE | THE GUARDIAN Free crosswords that can be completed online by mobile, tablet and desktop, and are printable. Daily easy, quick and cryptic crosswordspuzzles.
QUICK CROSSWORD NO 15,930 Time on your hands? Stay connected and keep in touch with your friends with our new Puzzles mobile app. You can access more than 15,000crosswords and
SUDOKU | LIFEANDSTYLE | THE GUARDIAN Normal sudoku rules apply, except the numbers in the cells contained within dotted lines add up to the figures in the corner CRYPTIC | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN A cryptic crossword is published every weekday in the Guardian JOHN CRACE | THE GUARDIAN The politics sketch The real Keir Starmer – tears, blokey bondingand no politics
US NEWS FROM THE GUARDIAN Governors have tried lotteries, free beer, tickets to theme parks and gift cards, as Biden tries to reach 70% vaccination goal by Fourth of July LA Lakers, the defending NBA champions, are out ofUS POLITICS
Latest US politics news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice PODCASTS | THE GUARDIAN Hosted by Anushka Asthana, Today in Focus brings you closer to Guardian journalism. Combining personal storytelling with insightful analysis, Today in Focus is The Guardian's daily podcast thatTHE LONG READ
The long read: During the second world war, Chinese merchant seamen helped keep Britain fed, fuelled and safe – and many gave their lives doing so.But from late 1945, hundreds of them who had BILL COSBY PAROLE PETITION DENIED AFTER HE REFUSES THERAPY Last modified on Fri 28 May 2021 12.14 EDT The Pennsylvania parole board has turned down comedian Bill Cosby’s petition to be releasedfrom
LATE-NIGHT TV ROUNDUP With most late-night hosts on vacation, Jimmy Kimmel discusses herd immunity in Los Angeles, Andrew Cuomo’s fundraiser and Jill Biden’s 70th birthdayMARINA HYDE
The alleged Dominic Cummings leaks may just be a distraction from the bigger issue: we’re led by a man with no self-discipline and a very busy phone, says Guardian columnist Marina HydeTIM DOWLING
Tim Dowling's Weekend column Tim Dowling: ‘In 100 yards, go the wrong way to the vaccination centre’ EVERYMAN | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN We regret that prizes for this puzzle are temporarily suspended. SPEEDY | CROSSWORDS | THE GUARDIAN 2021 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. Allrights reserved.
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Nasa
KATHERINE JOHNSON OBITUARY African-American mathematician who played a key role in landing menon the moon
Nigel Fountain
Mon 24 Feb 2020 13.38 EST Last modified on Mon 24 Feb 202013.55 EST
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Katherine Johnson with an adding machine and a ‘celestial training device’ at her desk at Nasa’s Langley research centre in 1962. Photograph: Donaldson Collection/Getty Images It was not the most arresting of titles: in 1959 the African-American mathematician Katherine Johnson,
who has died aged 101, completed a paper entitled Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected EarthPosition
.
Thus did she become the first woman to have a credit on a report published by the flight research division of the newly created National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Nasa). Even more significantly, those calculations were at the basis of a crucial part of Johnson’s work for the astronaut John Glenn,
when, in 1962, he became the first American to orbit the Earth. “Get the girl,” the astronaut had said, refusing to fly unless Johnson, with her mastery of mathematics, had verified the computer’s work on her mechanical calculating machine. “If she says they’re good, then I’m ready to go.” She did, and he flew. SIGN UP FOR LAB NOTES - THE GUARDIAN'S WEEKLY SCIENCE UPDATERead more
Her contribution, wrote Margot Lee Shetterly in Hidden Figures (2016) – an authoritative account of Nasa’s black female mathematicians that was made into a film of the same name – was “the defining day of Johnson’s career”. The focus of the US space programme in the 1960s was the race for the moon. Johnson was involved throughout. She played a key role in Alan Shepard’s 1961 Mercury mission, which put an American in space for the first time. Fifty-six years later, on the anniversary of that venture, the Katherine G Johnson Computational Research Facility was opened in Langley, Virginia. “Millions of people around the world watched Shepard’s flight,” said Clayton Turner, Langley’s deputy director, “but what they didn’t know at the time was that the calculations that got him into space and safely home were done by today’s guest of honour, Katherine Johnson.”Armstrong
and
Buzz Aldrin made the first moon landing, and in 1970 when the Apollo13 mission was
aborted and nearly ended in disaster. “Everybody was concerned about them getting there,” she said in 2010. “We were concerned about them getting back.” She was later involved in the early years of the space shuttle, and the Earth Resources satellite.
Until recently the contribution made by Johnson and her fellow African-American colleagues to the US space programme went largely unheralded outside – and sometimes inside – Nasa . But Shetterly’s book, and the ensuing film, with Taraji P Henson in a starring role as Johnson, helped change that. Johnson was one of a group of remarkable women who fought every obstacle an entrenched deeply racist society could throw at them and, eventually, they won. It was in 1943 that Langley, then part of Nasa’s predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), hired its first five black female mathematicians. By 1949 Dorothy Vaughan had become the first African-American section head within the NACA, of the female-only, segregated West Area computing unit at Langley, which Johnson joined as a “computer” four years later. The West Area computers were subject to the racist Jim Crow laws, required in theory – but not always, for Johnson, in practice – to use separate offices, toilets and cafeterias from their white counterparts, until the birth of Nasa in 1958. The youngest of four children, with an older sister and two older brothers, Katherine was born in White Sulphur Springs, a small town in Greenbrier County, 120 miles south of the West Virginian capital, Charleston. Her father, Joshua Coleman, had farmed and worked as a lumberman, and, in the 1930s, was employed at the local upmarket resort, the Greenbrier. He was also a self-taught mathematician. Her mother, Joylette, was a teacher. Education for African-Americans in Greenbrier County ended at the age of 12. The Colemans’ response was to rent a house near an African-American high school run by the West Virginia State College on the outskirts of Charleston. Katherine entered that school as a 10-year-old. During holidays she worked at the Greenbrier, where she perfected her French, aided by a Parisian chef working at the resort. In 1933, aged 15, she graduated to the West Virginia State College, where her teachers included William Schieffelin Claytor, an
outstanding African-American mathematician, who was himself the subject of sustained discrimination during his career. He tailored courses for her, and she graduated with the highest honours in maths and French in 1937, aged only 18. She then began teaching at the Marion school in Virginia, where she met James Goble, a chemistry teacher. In 1939 she moved back to West Virginia, to a school in Morgantown, and married James. The following year, partly as a consequence of a plan by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People to bring about the desegregation of the hitherto all-white West Virginia University in Morgantown, she was one of three black students, and the first black woman, to enrol on a master’s course there. But then, after a single term, she became pregnant and forsook academia. As her three daughters grew up, she returned to teaching. However, in 1952, the family, encouraged by James’s brother-in-law, moved to the Virginia peninsula. There, James took a job as a painter at the Newport News naval shipyard, while Katherine, in June 1953, began workat Langley.
After two weeks Katherine was seconded to the flight research division. Within it, and working with the manoeuvre and loads branch, she was in her element. After years of pressure, in 1958 she finally won the right to attend the editorial meetings of the guidance and control branch of what was to become, on 1 October of that year, the Aerospace Mechanics Division of the NACA’s successor, Nasa. She was the first woman to do so. Her designation changed, too. She was no longer a “computer”, but had become a “math aide”. Her husband had died in 1956, and three years later she married James Johnson, an army and navy veteran. It was thus as Katherine Johnson that her report would be published, with the space engineer Ted Skopinski, who had said: “Katherine should finish the report. She’s done most of the work anyway.” She would ultimately become the author, or co-author, of 26 reports. She retired from Nasa in 1986. In 2015 Barack Obama presented her with the presidential medal of freedom, the highest civilian honour in the US. The following year the BBC included her in its list of the 100 most influential women worldwide. West Virginia State University inaugurated a scholarship in her honour, and she received a plethora of honorary degrees and many awards from Nasa. For half a century she was a stalwart of the choir at Carver Presbyterian church in NewportNews.
Her daughter Connie died in 2010 and her second husband in 2019. She is survived by her two other daughters, Joylette and Kathy, six grandchildren and 11 great-grandchildren. _• _Katherine Johnson, mathematician and aerospace technologist, born 26 August 1918; died 24 February 2020 AMERICA FACES AN EPIC CHOICE... ... this year, and the results will define the country for a generation. These are perilous times. Over the last three years, much of what the Guardian holds dear has been threatened – democracy, civility, truth. This US administration is establishing new norms of behaviour. Anger and cruelty disfigure public discourse and lying is commonplace. Truth is being chased away. But with your help we can continue to put it center stage. Rampant disinformation, partisan news sources and social media's tsunami of fake news is no basis on which to inform the American public in 2020. The need for a robust, independent press has never been greater, and with your support we can continue to provide fact-based reporting that offers public scrutiny and oversight. Our journalism is free and open for all, but it's made possible thanks to the support we receive from readers like you across America in all 50states.
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Skepticsayer
8h ago
1 2
Incredible woman, a genius and pioneer.Reply
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01AMFB
10h ago
2 3
'Hidden figures' is a very beautiful and moving film. It also has great moments of humour. I would recommend it for its account of the life of Katherine Johnson and her colleagues/friends. It also found it cheering and uplifting in its depiction of this piece of the jigsaw of the fight for racial equality in the US, and the role that individuals can play in removing injustice. Heart warming to see on a day when you feel all the news is bad.Reply
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Helice
10h ago
1 2
May your soul now travel among the stars! It is always sad when the worthy ones have to go.Reply
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sweetas23
14h ago
3 4
The contributions of many people of colour are now coming to light from the armed forces to the science..they may have be over looked or undervalued especially at the time, but they must not be forgotten, if only to give hope to those trying to follow in their footsteps.Reply
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nimbinensis
14h ago
16 17
Obama gave her the Presidential Medal of Freedom ... and Trump gave it to Rush Limbaugh. Speaks volumes really.Reply
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stebbo nimbinensis
9h ago
1 2
You deserve an upvote.Reply
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Iconoclastius
14h ago
9 10
Remarkable woman. You can bet the the current POTUS will not comment on her passing or her contributions because she was that triple threat of being 1) African-American, 2) Female and 3) An intellectual. But those of us that can both read and think recognise her contribution and know that the World (including our moon) is a better place becauseof her efforts!
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TwoandSixHomeByTaxi
16h ago
7 8
Not only race but gender discrimination did she have to contend with. An amazing life. I wish I had known more an out her in my earlier years as a role model. Brilliant mind.Reply
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MaggieMaggieB
16h ago
4 5
Goodnight Catherine. You were a true inspiration.Reply
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RationalLefty
17h ago
4 5
I just watched the video of her receiving the medal from President Obama - What a gracious lady!Reply
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DisabledScapegoat
17h ago
2 3
Amazing lady.
God less you.
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DisabledScapegoat
DisabledScapegoat
17h ago
2 3
God bless you.
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MiaSchu
17h ago
2 3
Katherine Johnson was truly a high flier. May she rest in peace.Reply
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Speak4Self
18h ago
1 2
Great innings.
R.I.P.
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Clariana
19h ago
2 3
Quite the fighter.
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Dizzy1476
19h ago
14 15
I was on the verge of heading out for a meal when I started watching the "Hidden Figures" movie. I was sat on the arm of the couch for an hour before I realised I wasn't going anywhere that night. A fascinating life story of a woman I'd never heard of before. When I saw the final credits and saw that it was all true and here were the actual photos of the main characters in the movie I was astounded, and kind of ashamed that I hadn't heard of them all and especiallyKatherine, before.
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madmonty Dizzy1476
15h ago
5 6
Don't be ashamed, sadly science is littered with cases where women have been sidelined, ignored , even plagiarized by their malecounterparts.
Its been argued for example, that Einstein's first wife never got the credit she deserved for checking his work before he published.Reply
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marchino61
Dizzy1476
12h ago
1 2
It was far from all true, as this obituary makes clear. The main characters may have been true, but the film conflated events that happened in the 1960s with segregation at NACA (not NASA) that ended years prior to that.Reply
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ruskiny
20h ago
11 12
The sort of person who makes you proud to be human, there are so many who do the opposite.Reply
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knutsfordleft
20h ago
9 10
What a woman
What an inspiration
I’ve sent this piece to all three of my children, when they complain about WiFi and ability to get online to do their homework, whatever else they can think off (and they’re brilliant children) think what did Katherine have to overcomeReply
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CaptCrash
20h ago
11 12
An amazing woman and an amazing story. Maths, science and IT are skills with which women can genuinely compete with men, and having worked in IT for 35 years can genuinely say that some of my best bosses and most skilled people have been women, but sadly also underrepresented until offshoring started.Reply
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100suns CaptCrash
4h ago
0 1
It's worse than that. In 1984 37%, of CS degrees (in the US I think) were granted to women, but in but it's now (or was recently) around 18%. Not only are we not making progress, we're going backwards, as women have been driven away from the profession.Reply
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Anuhea
20h ago
10 11
Thank you for blowing doors wide open, and for blazing trails, dearKatherine Johnson.
Thank you for your contributions to humankind and to science, and thank you for being such a great role model at a time when the existence of intelligent black women was not only not acknowledged by society, but also not acknowledged by by white male colleagues. Thank you for persisting. May you rest peacefully in eternal power.Reply
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Ed_Walton
20h ago
6 7
"Wow" is the original thought but that is way too demeaning. What a person. I think I really would've liked to have met her but alas, that is now too late. Sleep well and fly high.Reply
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Billlogan
21h ago
5 6
When you look at that photo, it is hard to tell who feels the most privileged. The hurdles that Katherine Johnson overcame were incredible and I'm sure that her example helped Barack Obama to become the first Afro-American President of the USA.Reply
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orangespoon
21h ago
3 4
What an amazing life she led.Reply
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charles47
21h ago
4 5
Incredible woman.
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unreceivedopinions
21h ago
6 7
A true American hero.Reply
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paulrennie
21h ago
2 3
Well done Katherine.Reply
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cpp4ever
21h ago
12 13
Women working in STEM, (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), are most welcome in my opinion. Sadly they are still in a minority and often put off by that. So Katherine Johnson and the many women that have come before and after her should be an inspiration to future generations of women. A little bit of research can soon find many inspiring women in STEM, from Ada Lovelace to Lise Meitner and many more.Reply
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